{"id":873,"date":"2021-01-21T15:09:33","date_gmt":"2021-01-21T14:09:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=873"},"modified":"2022-02-21T15:09:52","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T14:09:52","slug":"kdo-byli-biblicti-mudrci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/01\/21\/kdo-byli-biblicti-mudrci\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdo byli bibli\u010dt\u00ed mudrci?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Narozen\u00edm tv\u00fdm, Kriste Bo\u017ee n\u00e1\u0161,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

vze\u0161lo sv\u011btu sv\u011btlo pozn\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

nebo\u0165 v n\u011bm ti, kte\u0159\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u00e1m slou\u017eili,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

hv\u011bzdou nau\u010deni byli klan\u011bti se tob\u011b, \u00a0Slunci spravedlnosti,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a zn\u00e1ti tebe, V\u00fdchod z v\u00fdsosti. Pane, sl\u00e1va tob\u011b!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tropar Narozen\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I \u0159ekl B\u016fh: \u201eBu\u010fte sv\u011btla na nebesk\u00e9 klenb\u011b,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

aby odd\u011blovala den od noci!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Budou na znamen\u00ed \u010das\u016f, dn\u016f a let.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genesis 1:14<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kristovo narozen\u00ed popsali evangelist\u00e9 Luk\u00e1\u0161 a Matou\u0161. Luk\u00e1\u0161 se o mudrc\u00edch nezmi\u0148uje v\u016fbec a Matou\u0161 jim v\u011bnuje pouh\u00fdch dvan\u00e1ct ver\u0161\u016f. Sv\u00e1tek T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f pravoslavn\u00e1 tradice nezn\u00e1, nicm\u00e9n\u011b pova\u017euje tuto evangeln\u00ed ud\u00e1lost za tak d\u016fle\u017eitou, \u017ee mudrci si zaslou\u017e\u00ed b\u00fdt zm\u00edn\u011bni v hlavn\u00edm hymnu sv\u00e1tku Narozen\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b. Kdo ale byli tito \u201emudrci od v\u00fdchodu\u201c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u016fvodn\u00edm \u0159eck\u00e9m textu jsou naz\u00fdv\u00e1ni \u03bc\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u2013 m\u00e1gov\u00e9. Z hlediska sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165ana m\u00e1 slovo sp\u00ed\u0161 negativn\u00ed konotaci: m\u00e1gov\u00e9 \u010di \u010darod\u011bjov\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho se slou\u017een\u00edm jedin\u00e9mu prav\u00e9mu Bohu. Ale v Star\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b se takto naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u011bdci, astronomov\u00e9, proroci u M\u00e9d\u016f a Per\u0161an\u016f. Podle H\u00e9rodota m\u00e1gov\u00e9 byli jedn\u00edm ze \u0161esti kmen\u016f M\u00e9d\u016f a m\u011bli na starosti ve\u0161ker\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u017eivot lidu stejn\u011b jako Levit\u00e9 u \u017did\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee novoz\u00e1konn\u00ed mudrci nebyli uct\u00edva\u010di \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho Boha. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ale je, \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed starobyl\u00fdch Per\u0161an\u016f se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161ilo od v\u00edry jin\u00fdch pohansk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Nem\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee zoroastrismus byl \u010dist\u00fdm monoteismem. Bylo to sp\u00ed\u0161e dualistick\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed o dvou po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch \u2013 dobr\u00e9m a zl\u00e9m. \u00dakolem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017eij\u00edc\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka bylo se p\u0159idat na tu spr\u00e1vnou stranu \u2013 na stranu dobr\u00e9ho boha Ahura Mazdy. Avesta \u2013 posv\u00e1tn\u00e1 kniha zoroastrijc\u016f \u2013 p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edchod Spasitele, jen\u017e zachr\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bt.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O p\u0159\u00edchodu mudrc\u016f mluv\u00ed i prorok Izaj\u00e1\u0161: \u201eP\u0159ijdou v\u0161ichni ze S\u00e1by, ponesou zlato a kadidlo a budou radostn\u011b zv\u011bstovat Hospodinovu chv\u00e1lu.\u201c (60:6) a tak\u00e9 kniha \u017ealm\u016f: \u201eKr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Tar\u0161\u00ed\u0161e a ostrov\u016f p\u0159inesou dary, budou odv\u00e1d\u011bt da\u0148 kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u0160eby a Seby. V\u0161ichni kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 se mu budou klan\u011bt, v\u0161echny n\u00e1rody mu budou slou\u017eit.\u201c (72:10\u201311)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed informace o mudrc\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed se poklonili novorozen\u00e9mu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i, nem\u00e1me. Evangelista Matou\u0161 p\u00ed\u0161e jen to, \u017ee byli z v\u00fdchodu. Pozd\u011bji o nich za\u010daly vznikat po\u010detn\u00e9 legendy. To, \u017ee byli kr\u00e1li, m\u016f\u017ee vypl\u00fdvat s ji\u017e citovan\u00e9ho \u017ealmu. Legenda tak\u00e9 p\u0159id\u011blila mudrc\u016fm jm\u00e9na. V z\u00e1padn\u00ed tradici se jmenuj\u00ed Ka\u0161par, Melichar a Baltazar. M\u00e1lokdo v\u00ed, \u017ee mudrci maj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v tradici \u0159eck\u00e9 (Apellikon, Amerin a Damaskon) a v \u017eidovsk\u00e9 (Magalach, Galgalach a Serakin). Mimochodem to, \u017ee byli t\u0159i, tak\u00e9 v\u00edme jen z pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jejich po\u010det odpov\u00edd\u00e1 po\u010dtu dar\u016f p\u0159inesen\u00fdch Kristovi. Existuje pov\u011bst o \u010dtvrt\u00e9m mudrcovi jm\u00e9nem Artabanos. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee se tak jmenoval parthsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l, jen\u017e vl\u00e1dl v letech 11\u201338 n. l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co se n\u00e1rodnosti mudrc\u016f t\u00fd\u010de, existuje tak\u00e9 spousta verz\u00ed. Jedna z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee to byli Per\u0161an\u00e9 \u010di M\u00e9dov\u00e9. Ale t\u0159eba ve V\u011bku z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00fdch objev\u016f se ust\u00e1lila jin\u00e1 tradice, kter\u00e1 zobrazuje mudrce jako p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky t\u0159\u00ed ras. Dal\u0161\u00ed legenda jim p\u0159ipisuje p\u016fvod od Noemov\u00fdch syn\u016f. Tak Melichar byl potomkem J\u00e1feta, Baltazar \u0160\u00e9ma, a Ka\u0161par Ch\u00e1ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale pro\u010d mudrci ne\u0161li rovnou do Betl\u00e9ma? Pro\u010d se stavili v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b u Heroda? Mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee Spasitel a Kr\u00e1l by se m\u011bl narodit v kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci. N\u00e1sledky tohoto omylu jsou n\u00e1m zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u2013 o \u017eivot p\u0159i\u0161ly v\u0161echny betl\u00e9msk\u00e9 d\u011bti do dvou let. Herodovo jm\u00e9no se stalo synonymem mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ukrutnosti ne nadarmo. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Augustus kdysi \u0159ekl, \u017ee u Heroda je lep\u0161\u00ed b\u00fdt prasetem ne\u017e jeho vlastn\u00edm synem. To byla nar\u00e1\u017eka na to, \u017ee Herodes jako \u017did nezab\u00edjel prasata, ale nechal zab\u00edt t\u0159i ze sv\u00fdch syn\u016f a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tohoto vyvrhele se mudrci ptali, kde je ten pr\u00e1v\u011b narozen\u00fd kr\u00e1l \u017did\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 symbolizuj\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 znalosti t\u00e9 doby, ve\u0161kerou pozemskou moudrost. A tato moudrost p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0Bohu a uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho moc. Mudrci novorozen\u00e9ho Boha o nic nepros\u00ed, jen se mu klan\u011bj\u00ed a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dary, kter\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 velice symbolick\u00e9: zlato jako kr\u00e1li, kadidlo jako Bohu a myrhu jako \u010dlov\u011bku, jen\u017e m\u00e1 zem\u0159\u00edt. Tito moud\u0159\u00ed mu\u017ei p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed model skute\u010dn\u00e9ho lidsk\u00e9ho v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed: ne v\u011bdecko-technick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu existuj\u00edc\u00edho pro obsluhov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch pot\u0159eb a rozmar\u016f, n\u00fdbr\u017e nezi\u0161tn\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed a chv\u00e1len\u00ed Boha a j\u00edm stvo\u0159en\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u00edme n\u011bco o osudu t\u011bchto mudrc\u016f? Jenom z legend. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee byli pozd\u011bji pok\u0159t\u011bni apo\u0161tolem Tom\u00e1\u0161em a p\u0159ijali mu\u010dednickou smrt. St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 legenda prav\u00ed, \u017ee po v\u00edce ne\u017e pades\u00e1ti letech se setkali znovu, aby se znovu a ji\u017e naposledy poklonili Kristu. V 4. stolet\u00ed jejich ostatky byly nalezeny kr\u00e1lovnou Helenou a ulo\u017eeny v Konstantinopoli. V 5. stolet\u00ed byly p\u0159eneseny do Mil\u00e1na a v roce 1164 je na rozkaz Fridricha I. Barbarossy p\u0159evezli do Kol\u00edna nad R\u00fdnem. Drahocenn\u00fd relikv\u00e1\u0159 s ostatky mudrc\u016f je dodnes ulo\u017een v kol\u00ednsk\u00e9 katedr\u00e1le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redakce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Narozen\u00edm tv\u00fdm, Kriste Bo\u017ee n\u00e1\u0161, vze\u0161lo sv\u011btu sv\u011btlo pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo\u0165 v n\u011bm ti, kte\u0159\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u00e1m slou\u017eili, hv\u011bzdou nau\u010deni byli klan\u011bti se tob\u011b, \u00a0Slunci spravedlnosti, a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":875,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biblistika","tag-2021-01","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=873"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/873\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":876,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/873\/revisions\/876"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}