{"id":868,"date":"2021-02-21T14:13:50","date_gmt":"2021-02-21T13:13:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=868"},"modified":"2022-02-21T14:16:18","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T13:16:18","slug":"svetly-smutek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/02\/21\/svetly-smutek\/","title":{"rendered":"Sv\u011btl\u00fd smutek"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Kapitola z&nbsp;knihy protopresbytera Alexandra \u0160memana <em>Velk\u00fd p\u016fst<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro mnoho, ne-li v\u011bt\u0161inu pravoslavn\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f, se p\u016fst skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z omezen\u00e9ho po\u010dtu form\u00e1ln\u00edch, v\u011bt\u0161inou negativn\u00edch pravidel: zdr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed se n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f potravin (masa, ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, vajec) a z\u00e1bav. Jsme moc vzd\u00e1len\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9mu duchu c\u00edrkve a n\u011bkdy nejsme schopn\u00ed pochopit, \u017ee p\u016fst je i o n\u011b\u010dem jin\u00e9m, bez \u010deho v\u0161echna tato pravidla ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam. Toto \u201en\u011bco jin\u00e9ho\u201c lze nejl\u00e9pe definovat jako ur\u010ditou atmosf\u00e9ru, n\u00e1ladu, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm stav ducha, mysli a du\u0161e, kter\u00fd napl\u0148uje cel\u00fd n\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot po dobu sedmi t\u00fddn\u016f. Je\u0161t\u011b jednou je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee c\u00edlem p\u016fstu nen\u00ed p\u0159inutit n\u00e1s k ur\u010dit\u00fdm form\u00e1ln\u00edm povinnostem, ale \u201ezjemnit\u201c na\u0161e srdce, aby mohlo vn\u00edmat duchovn\u00ed realitu, za\u017eit do t\u00e9 doby skrytou touhu po spole\u010denstv\u00ed s Bohem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato postn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra, tento jedine\u010dn\u00fd \u201estav ducha\u201c se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm bohoslu\u017ebou, r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami zaveden\u00fdmi b\u011bhem postn\u00edho obdob\u00ed do liturgick\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Samostatn\u011b se tyto zm\u011bny mohou zd\u00e1t nepochopiteln\u00fdmi form\u00e1ln\u00edmi pravidly, kter\u00e1 se mus\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u011b dodr\u017eovat; ale kdy\u017e jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako celek, odhaluj\u00ed n\u00e1m samotnou podstatu p\u016fstu, ukazuj\u00ed, dovoluj\u00ed n\u00e1m za\u017eit ten sv\u011btl\u00fd smutek, v n\u011bm\u017e spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00fd duch a dar p\u016fstu. Bez nads\u00e1zky lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee svat\u00ed otcov\u00e9, duchovn\u00ed spisovatel\u00e9 a tv\u016frci zp\u011bv\u016f Postn\u00edho Triodu, kte\u0159\u00ed postupn\u011b rozv\u00edjeli obecnou strukturu postn\u00edch bohoslu\u017eeb a dodali liturgii p\u0159edem posv\u011bcen\u00fdch Dar\u016f tuto zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, sv\u00e9bytnou kr\u00e1su, m\u011bli stejnou, jednotnou p\u0159edstavu lidsk\u00e9 du\u0161e. Opravdu znaj\u00ed duchovn\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed pok\u00e1n\u00ed a ka\u017ed\u00fd rok, b\u011bhem postn\u00ed doby, d\u00e1vaj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo m\u00e1 u\u0161i, aby sly\u0161el, a o\u010di, aby vid\u011bl, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost se sezn\u00e1mit s&nbsp;jejich v\u011bdomostmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Celkov\u00fd dojem, jak jsem ji\u017e \u0159ekl, je n\u00e1lada sv\u011btl\u00e9ho smutku. Jsem si jist, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd vstoup\u00ed do chr\u00e1mu b\u011bhem postn\u00ed bohoslu\u017eby a m\u00e1 pouze omezenou znalost bohoslu\u017eeb, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b pochop\u00ed, co tento zd\u00e1nliv\u011b rozporn\u00fd v\u00fdraz znamen\u00e1. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b ve v\u0161ech bohoslu\u017eb\u00e1ch skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 jist\u00fd tich\u00fd smutek; roucha jsou tmav\u00e1, slu\u017eba je del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obvykle, monot\u00f3nn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez pohybu. \u010cten\u00ed a zp\u011bv se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed, ale nic se \u201ened\u011bje\u201c. V pravideln\u00fdch intervalech kn\u011bz vych\u00e1z\u00ed z olt\u00e1\u0159e a \u010dte jednu a tut\u00e9\u017e kr\u00e1tkou modlitbu a po ka\u017ed\u00e9m jej\u00edm p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed v\u0161ichni p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00ed v chr\u00e1mu kle\u010d\u00ed. A dlouho stoj\u00edme v t\u00e9to modlitebn\u00ed jednotv\u00e1rnosti, v tomto tich\u00e9m smutku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale na konci si za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me uv\u011bdomovat, \u017ee tato dlouh\u00e1 a jednotv\u00e1rn\u00e1 bohoslu\u017eba je nezbytn\u00e1, abychom mohli poc\u00edtit tajemstv\u00ed a zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nepozorovateln\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed t\u00e9to bohoslu\u017eby v na\u0161em srdci. Pozvolna za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me rozum\u011bt nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e c\u00edtit, \u017ee tento smutek je skute\u010dn\u011b \u201esv\u011btl\u00fd\u201c, \u017ee v n\u00e1s za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 prob\u00edhat n\u011bjak\u00e1 z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 prom\u011bna. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee jsme se ocitli na takov\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, kam se nedostane ruch a sp\u011bch \u017eivota, ulice, nic z toho, co obvykle napl\u0148uje na\u0161e dny a n\u011bkdy i noci, kde nad n\u00e1mi v\u0161echna ta marnost nem\u00e1 moc. V\u0161echno, co se zd\u00e1lo tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a napl\u0148ovalo na\u0161i du\u0161i, ten stav \u00fazkosti, kter\u00fd se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stal na\u0161\u00ed druhou p\u0159irozenost\u00ed, najednou zmiz\u00ed a my za\u010dneme za\u017e\u00edvat osvobozen\u00ed, c\u00edt\u00edme se lehc\u00ed a \u0161\u0165astn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nen\u00ed to hlu\u010dn\u00e9, povrchn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed a odch\u00e1z\u00ed dvacetkr\u00e1t denn\u011b, tak k\u0159ehk\u00e9 a vrtkav\u00e9; je to hlubok\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nepoch\u00e1z\u00ed z jednoho konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho d\u016fvodu, ale ze skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee se na\u0161e du\u0161e podle Dostojevsk\u00e9ho dotkla \u201ejin\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c. A dotkla se toho, co je pln\u00e9 sv\u011btla, m\u00edru, radosti a nevysloviteln\u00e9 nad\u011bje. Ch\u00e1peme tedy, pro\u010d bohoslu\u017eby mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dlouh\u00e9 a zd\u00e1nliv\u011b monot\u00f3nn\u00ed. Ch\u00e1peme, \u017ee je absolutn\u011b nemo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ej\u00edt z norm\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu na\u0161\u00ed du\u0161e, pln\u00e9 marnosti, sp\u011bchu, starost\u00ed, do toho jin\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, ani\u017e bychom se nejprve \u201euklidnili\u201c, abychom v sob\u011b obnovili ur\u010ditou m\u00edru vnit\u0159n\u00ed ust\u00e1lenosti. To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d ti, kdo si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee bohoslu\u017eby jsou jak\u00fdmsi \u201ez\u00e1vazkem\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed se v\u017edy ptaj\u00ed na \u201eminim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavky\u201c (\u201ejak \u010dasto bychom m\u011bli chodit do chr\u00e1mu?\u201c, \u201ejak \u010dasto bychom se m\u011bli modlit?\u201c) nikdy nebudou schopn\u00ed pochopit skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam bohoslu\u017eeb p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1s do jin\u00e9ho sv\u011bta \u2013 do p\u0159\u00edtomnosti samotn\u00e9ho Boha! Ale bohoslu\u017eby n\u00e1s tam nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b, n\u00fdbr\u017e pomalu, kv\u016fli na\u0161\u00ed padl\u00e9 p\u0159irozenosti, kter\u00e1 ztratila schopnost p\u0159irozen\u011b vstupovat do tohoto \u201ejin\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A kdy\u017e kone\u010dn\u011b za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me toto tajemn\u00e9 osvobozen\u00ed, lehkost a m\u00edr, smutn\u00e1 monot\u00f3nnost bohoslu\u017eby z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00fd v\u00fdznam, prom\u011b\u0148uje se; je posv\u011bcena vnit\u0159n\u00ed kr\u00e1sou jako rann\u00edm paprskem slunce, kter\u00fd za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 osv\u011btlovat vrchol hory, kdy\u017e je dole, v&nbsp;\u00fadol\u00ed, je\u0161t\u011b tma. Toto sv\u011btlo a skryt\u00e1 radost poch\u00e1z\u00ed z&nbsp;\u010dast\u00e9ho zp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ealeluja\u201c, z obecn\u00e9 n\u00e1lady postn\u00edch bohoslu\u017eeb. To, co se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zd\u00e1lo monot\u00f3nn\u00ed, nyn\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pokoj; to, co zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zn\u011blo smutn\u011b, je nyn\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako prvn\u00ed pohyby du\u0161e, kter\u00e1 se vrac\u00ed do ztracen\u00e9 hloubky. To je to, co n\u00e1m ka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u00e1no hl\u00e1s\u00e1 prvn\u00ed ver\u0161 postn\u00edho Aleluja: M\u016fj duch ve mn\u011b za \u00fasvitu tebe hled\u00e1, Bo\u017ee\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eSmutn\u00e9 sv\u011btlo\u201c: smutek m\u00e9ho vyhnanstv\u00ed, promarn\u011bn\u00e9ho \u017eivota; sv\u011btlo Bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti a odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, radost z obnoven\u00e9 l\u00e1sky k Bohu a pokoj n\u00e1vratu do domu Otce. Takov\u00e1 je n\u00e1lada postn\u00ed bohoslu\u017eby; takov\u00e9 je jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed dotknut\u00ed m\u00e9 du\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitola z&nbsp;knihy protopresbytera Alexandra \u0160memana Velk\u00fd p\u016fst Pro mnoho, ne-li v\u011bt\u0161inu pravoslavn\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f, se p\u016fst skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z omezen\u00e9ho po\u010dtu form\u00e1ln\u00edch, v\u011bt\u0161inou negativn\u00edch pravidel: zdr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed se&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":871,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[48],"class_list":["post-868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-verouka","tag-2021-02","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=868"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":872,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/868\/revisions\/872"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}