{"id":860,"date":"2021-02-21T13:54:59","date_gmt":"2021-02-21T12:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=860"},"modified":"2022-02-21T13:57:16","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T12:57:16","slug":"jak-vypadalo-obydli-v-biblickych-dobach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/02\/21\/jak-vypadalo-obydli-v-biblickych-dobach\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak vypadalo obydl\u00ed v\u00a0biblick\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V biblick\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch lid\u00e9 netr\u00e1vili moc \u010dasu doma. Domov byl m\u00edstem odpo\u010dinku po nam\u00e1hav\u00e9 denn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, jeho \u00fa\u010del byl ryze utilit\u00e1rn\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu palestinsk\u00e9 bar\u00e1ky biblick\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed nevypadaly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 atraktivn\u011b. Biblick\u00e9 domy se obvykle stav\u011bly z nep\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel nebo hrub\u00fdch kamen\u016f. A v\u00a0trhlin\u00e1ch se nez\u0159\u00eddka usazovali hadi a hmyz. Zdi byly velmi siln\u00e9, aby se v hork\u00fdch letn\u00edch dnech v\u00a0dom\u011b zachoval chl\u00e1dek a v chladn\u00fdch zimn\u00edch noc\u00edch teplo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"677\" height=\"424\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/1a.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-861\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/1a.jpg 677w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/1a-300x188.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 677px) 100vw, 677px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b je nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejstar\u0161\u00edm stavebn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem oby\u010dejn\u00e1 hl\u00edna. Zdi z cihel vysu\u0161en\u00fdch na slunci vydr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159inejlep\u0161\u00edm t\u0159icet let, a jen pokud jsou pravideln\u011b opravov\u00e1ny, om\u00edt\u00e1ny a chr\u00e1n\u011bny p\u0159ed vlhkost\u00ed. Vypalovan\u00e9 cihly byly ve starov\u011bku p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9 a pou\u017e\u00edvaly se pouze p\u0159i stavb\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch budov, jako jsou pal\u00e1ce a chr\u00e1my. Z&nbsp;kamene se d\u011blaly z\u00e1klady. A jen v horsk\u00fdch oblastech, kde tohoto materi\u00e1lu bylo dost, i samotn\u00e9 domy byly kamenn\u00e9. St\u0159echa byla z d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch tr\u00e1m\u016f pokryt\u00fdch roho\u017eemi a vrstvou om\u00edtky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takov\u00e9 budovy rychle ch\u00e1traly, snadno se rozpadaly p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1rech a zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a n\u011bkdy i jen tak. Pokud se d\u016fm zhroutil, obyvatel\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali \u010d\u00e1st trosek k&nbsp;v\u00fdstavb\u011b nov\u00e9ho domu. \u010casem se zvy\u0161ovala \u00farove\u0148 ulic a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed i \u00farove\u0148 cel\u00e9ho m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V biblick\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch byl jako stavebn\u00ed sm\u011bs pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n asfalt. Bible \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 o stavitel\u00edch Babylonsk\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee: \u201eCihly m\u011bli m\u00edsto kamene a asfalt m\u00edsto hl\u00edny\u201c (Genesis 11:3). P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed asfalt vznik\u00e1 z ropy. V Mezopot\u00e1mii je mnoho nalezi\u0161\u0165, kde asfalt stoup\u00e1 na povrch a tuhne. Jeho vlastnosti byly samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zn\u00e1my i lidem biblick\u00fdch dob.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Autor jednoho \u010dl\u00e1nku publikovan\u00e9ho v \u010dasopise Archeologie popisuje z\u0159\u00edceninu zikkuratu na \u00fazem\u00ed starobyl\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Ur v Mezopot\u00e1mii. \u201eMezi vyp\u00e1len\u00fdmi cihlami je st\u00e1le viditeln\u00fd asfalt, jeho\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bylo jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch krok\u016f ve v\u00fdvoji bohat\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 v ji\u017en\u00edm Ir\u00e1ku. Lepkav\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e1 tekutina, kter\u00e1 je dnes p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou v\u00e1lek a nestability v regionu, kdysi doslova spojovala civilizaci. Asfalt jako stavebn\u00ed sm\u011bs chr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed vodou sumersk\u00e9 cihly, kter\u00e9 jinak byly nepevn\u00e9. D\u00edky tomu budovy t\u00e9 doby vydr\u017eely tis\u00edce let.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Domy obvykle nem\u011bly \u017e\u00e1dnou podlahu krom\u011b zeminy, kter\u00e1 byla d\u016fkladn\u011b zarovn\u00e1na a udup\u00e1na. N\u011bkdy podlahu pokr\u00fdvali sm\u011bs\u00ed hl\u00edny a v\u00e1pna. Byly tak\u00e9 dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 podlahy z\u00a0kamene nebo kamenn\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edsek sm\u00edchan\u00fdch s v\u00e1pnem. V \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed se objevily mozaikov\u00e9 podlahy, vyroben\u00e9 zapu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm mal\u00fdch hladce vy\u0159ezan\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch \u010dtverc\u016f do zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"668\" height=\"403\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2-Stavebni-materialy.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-862\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2-Stavebni-materialy.jpg 668w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2-Stavebni-materialy-300x181.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdi dom\u016f se nej\u010dast\u011bji stav\u011bly z\u00a0nep\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel z hl\u00edny a sl\u00e1my vysu\u0161en\u00fdch na slunci. Ale n\u011bkdy lze potkat zdi z hrub\u00e9ho p\u00edskovce. Kameny byly r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikost\u00ed a pokl\u00e1daly se p\u0159\u00edmo na zem. Mezi nimi byly \u0161irok\u00e9 a nerovn\u00e9 trhliny. Z tesan\u00fdch kamen\u016f se stav\u011bly pouze pal\u00e1ce nebo domovy bohat\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f. 1. Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 kniha popisuje \u0160alomoun\u016fv pal\u00e1c: \u201eV\u0161echno uvnit\u0159 i zven\u010d\u00ed bylo z u\u0161lechtil\u00e9ho kamene, z kv\u00e1dr\u016f \u0159ezan\u00fdch na m\u00edru pilou, a to od z\u00e1kladu a\u017e k horn\u00edm okraj\u016fm a od vn\u011bj\u0161ku a\u017e do velk\u00e9ho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed. Z\u00e1klady byly z u\u0161lechtil\u00e9ho kamene, z velk\u00fdch kamen\u016f, z kamen\u016f o deseti a osmi loktech, a nad t\u00edm kv\u00e1dry z u\u0161lechtil\u00e9ho kamene, \u0159ezan\u00e9 na m\u00edru, a cedrov\u00e9 d\u0159evo. Kolem bylo velk\u00e9 n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed ohrazen\u00e9 zd\u00ed ze t\u0159\u00ed vrstev kamenn\u00fdch kv\u00e1dr\u016f a z jedn\u00e9 vrstvy cedrov\u00fdch tr\u00e1m\u016f po vzoru vnit\u0159n\u00edho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed domu Hospodinova a p\u0159eds\u00edn\u011b toho domu\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vnit\u0159ek domu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Domy chud\u00fdch m\u011bly zpravidla jen jeden pokoj, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil jako kuchy\u0148, ob\u00fdv\u00e1k, lo\u017enice a skladi\u0161t\u011b oleje, mouky a v\u00edna. M\u00edstnost byla b\u011bhem dne osv\u011btlov\u00e1na mal\u00fdmi okny a v noci olejov\u00fdmi lampami um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdmi ve v\u00fdklenc\u00edch a na poli\u010dk\u00e1ch pod\u00e9l zd\u00ed. V&nbsp;noci do pokoj\u00ed\u010dku nah\u00e1n\u011bli dobytek \u2013 ovce, osly, n\u011bkdy i psy. Rodina se p\u0159em\u00eds\u0165ovala na patro na span\u00ed \u2013 vyv\u00fd\u0161enou kamennou plo\u0161inu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prost\u00e1 rodina nem\u011bla moc n\u00e1bytku. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed byla truhla, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e se uschov\u00e1valy potraviny nebo oble\u010den\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 slou\u017eila jako st\u016fl. Chud\u00ed spali na ko\u017ee\u0161in\u00e1ch, bohat\u0161\u00ed m\u011bli hrub\u00e9 matrace, nebo dokonce d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 postele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/3-Vnitrek.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/3-Vnitrek.jpg 678w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/3-Vnitrek-300x193.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Olejov\u00e9 lampy byly v&nbsp;ka\u017ed\u00e9m dom\u011b. Ty nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly z&nbsp;hl\u00edny, drah\u00e9 byly z&nbsp;bronzu \u010di jin\u00e9ho kovu. Napl\u0148ovaly se olivov\u00fdm olejem, prysky\u0159ic\u00ed nebo voskem; knot byl ln\u011bn\u00fd. Lampa se nech\u00e1vala rozsv\u00edcen\u00e1 p\u0159es celou noc, ohe\u0148 ukazoval kolemjdouc\u00edm, \u017ee lid\u00e9 v dom\u011b sp\u00ed. Sp\u00e1nek bez sv\u011btla byl nemysliteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017didle se v&nbsp;t\u00e9 dob\u011b nepou\u017e\u00edvaly. B\u011bhem j\u00eddla se obvykle le\u017eelo. Host\u00e9 u stolu le\u017eeli na lev\u00e9m boku a op\u00edrali se loktem lev\u00e9 ruky o pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159, zat\u00edmco prav\u00e1 ruka byla voln\u00e1. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b mohlo le\u017eet n\u011bkolik lid\u00ed, hlava ka\u017ed\u00e9ho byla u hrudi toho, kdo le\u017eel za n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejlep\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto bylo u kraje, tam, kde za z\u00e1dy le\u017e\u00edc\u00edho u\u017e nikdo nebyl. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee host\u00e9 le\u017eeli velmi bl\u00edzko sebe, na stejn\u00e9 stran\u011b obvykle umis\u0165ovali p\u0159\u00e1tele, aby m\u011bli o \u010dem hovo\u0159it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00fdt po boku jist\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka znamenalo t\u011b\u0161it se jeho zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzn\u011b. Apo\u0161tol Jan b\u011bhem posledn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e byl u stolu po boku Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, proto se mohl t\u011bsn\u011b naklonit, aby se P\u00e1na zeptal, kdo ho zrad\u00ed. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>St\u0159echa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do podkrov\u00ed vedlo d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 schodi\u0161t\u011b. Odtamtud obyvatel\u00e9 domu m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edstup na st\u0159echu. St\u0159echy v Izraeli byly zpravidla ploch\u00e9. P\u0159es den se na st\u0159e\u0161e pracovalo \u2013 ml\u00e1tilo se obil\u00ed, su\u0161ilo se ovoce, tkalo se, p\u0159ipravovalo se j\u00eddlo. A v&nbsp;noci to bylo ide\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00edsto na span\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St\u0159echy se pou\u017e\u00edvaly i k n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, a to jak k&nbsp;uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed prav\u00e9ho Boha, tak k&nbsp;modl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. U proroka Jeremi\u00e1\u0161e se p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eDomy v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b a domy judsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f budou ne\u010dist\u00e9 jako m\u00edsto T\u00f3fet; to se t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u0161ech dom\u016f, na jejich\u017e st\u0159ech\u00e1ch se p\u00e1lilo kadidlo ve\u0161ker\u00e9mu nebesk\u00e9mu z\u00e1stupu a konaly \u00falitby jin\u00fdm boh\u016fm\u201c (Jeremi\u00e1\u0161 19:13).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednoho dne apo\u0161tol Petr vy\u0161el za poledne na rovnou st\u0159echu domu, aby se pomodlil (Skutky 10:9\u201316). P\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 bylo tak\u00e9 odpo\u010d\u00edvat na st\u0159e\u0161e ve st\u00ednu hrozn\u016f nebo pod p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161kem z palmov\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St\u0159echa se skl\u00e1dala z ploch\u00fdch nosn\u00edk\u016f poskl\u00e1dan\u00fdch ode zdi ke zdi ve vzd\u00e1lenosti jednoho metru od sebe. Mezery mezi nosn\u00edky se vypl\u0148ovaly svazky chrast\u00ed, pak se v\u0161e pokr\u00fdvalo hl\u00ednou a v\u00e1pnem. Pot\u00e9 se st\u0159echa posypala p\u00edskem, v\u0161e se udup\u00e1valo kamenn\u00fdm v\u00e1le\u010dkem, kter\u00fd se obvykle ponech\u00e1val na st\u0159e\u0161e, aby se mohl pou\u017e\u00edt znovu t\u0159eba po de\u0161ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"661\" height=\"274\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/4-Strecha.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/4-Strecha.jpg 661w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/4-Strecha-300x124.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Takovou st\u0159echu bylo snadn\u00e9 rozebrat, jak se to popisuje v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o uzdraven\u00ed ochrnut\u00e9ho: \u201eKdy\u017e se po n\u011bkolika dnech vr\u00e1til do Kafarnaum, proslechlo se, \u017ee je doma. Se\u0161lo se tolik lid\u00ed, \u017ee u\u017e ani p\u0159ede dve\u0159mi nebylo k hnut\u00ed. A mluvil k nim. Tu k n\u011bmu p\u0159i\u0161li s ochrnut\u00fdm; \u010dty\u0159i ho nesli. Proto\u017ee se pro z\u00e1stup nemohli k n\u011bmu dostat, odkryli st\u0159echu tam, kde byl Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161, prorazili otvor a spustili dol\u016f nos\u00edtka, na kter\u00fdch ochrnut\u00fd le\u017eel. Kdy\u017e Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 vid\u011bl jejich v\u00edru, \u0159ekl ochrnut\u00e9mu: \u201aSynu, odpou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed se ti h\u0159\u00edchy.\u2018\u201c (Marek 2:1\u20135)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u00e1kon na\u0159izoval, aby st\u0159echu ohrazovalo z\u00e1bradl\u00ed: \u201eKdy\u017e vystav\u00ed\u0161 nov\u00fd d\u016fm, ud\u011bl\u00e1\u0161 na st\u0159e\u0161e z\u00e1bradl\u00ed. Neuval\u00ed\u0161 na sv\u016fj d\u016fm vinu za prolitou krev, kdyby z n\u011bho n\u011bkdo spadl\u201c (Deuteronomium 22:8). Bylo to nezbytn\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed, proto\u017ee v biblick\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch Izraelci tr\u00e1vili spoustu \u010dasu na st\u0159ech\u00e1ch sv\u00fdch domov\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159echy byly probl\u00e9mem dost roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm. \u010clov\u011bk n\u011bkdy musel m\u011bnit svou polohu n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t za noc kv\u016fli kapaj\u00edc\u00ed de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 vod\u011b. Kniha P\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 toto kap\u00e1n\u00ed se sv\u00e1rlivou \u017eenou: \u201eNeust\u00e1l\u00e9 zat\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed vody v dob\u011b de\u0161\u0165\u016f a sv\u00e1rliv\u00e1 \u017eena jsou tot\u00e9\u017e\u201c (P\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed 27:15).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee na takov\u00e9 st\u0159e\u0161e za chv\u00edli vyr\u016fstala tr\u00e1va: \u201eA\u0165 jsou jak tr\u00e1va na st\u0159ech\u00e1ch, ta uschne d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e je vytrh\u00e1na\u201c (\u017dalm 129:6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Okna a dve\u0159e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do domu vedly jedin\u00e9 mal\u00e9 dve\u0159e, kter\u00e9 se v noci zamykaly z\u00e1str\u010dkou. Chud\u00e9 domy m\u011bly jen jedno mal\u00e9 okno vysoko od podlahy. Nebylo zasklen\u00e9 a v zim\u011b ho zav\u011b\u0161ovali ko\u017ee\u0161inou. Na okn\u011b mohla b\u00fdt m\u0159\u00ed\u017e, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednala s\u00edt\u011b ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016f: \u201eJednou jsem vyhl\u00ed\u017eel m\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed z okna sv\u00e9ho domu a d\u00edval jsem se na prostoduch\u00e9\u201c (P\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed 7:6). Tento typ okna se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edval v tepl\u00fdch v\u00fdchodn\u00edch zem\u00edch. Okenn\u00ed ve\u0159eje se p\u0159ipev\u0148ovaly pomoc\u00ed kovov\u00e9ho nebo d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho pantu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"677\" height=\"367\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5-Okna.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-865\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5-Okna.jpg 677w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5-Okna-300x163.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 677px) 100vw, 677px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Domy z\u00e1mo\u017en\u00fdch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fm bohat\u00e9ho Izraelce mohl m\u00edt 12 pokoj\u016f, n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed a galerii. Na n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed b\u00fdvala zahrada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;30. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 nalezli 73 cihlov\u00e9 domy ve m\u011bst\u011b Ur na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Ir\u00e1ku, kde podle knihy Genesis kdysi bydlel praotec Abraham.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina dom\u016f m\u011bla uprost\u0159ed dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed s m\u00edrn\u00fdm sklonem sm\u011brem ke st\u0159edu, kde byl vypou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed otvor. V&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch velk\u00fdch domech byly dokonce toalety. V p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed se um\u00eds\u0165ovaly kuchyn\u011b s krby a m\u00edstnosti pro sluhy. Majitel\u00e9 \u017eili v prvn\u00edm pat\u0159e, kam se dalo dostat po schodech. Schodi\u0161t\u011b vedlo k d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 galerii obklopuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed, do t\u00e9 galerie se otev\u00edraly dve\u0159e v\u0161ech m\u00edstnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Domy s dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00edm a ob\u00edlen\u00fdmi st\u011bnami, s vlastn\u00edm vodovodem a dvan\u00e1cti nebo v\u00edce m\u00edstnostmi sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovni ve m\u011bst\u011b. A to byly domy pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f, obchodn\u00edk\u016f, p\u00edsa\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 fakta<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Kristus ve sv\u00e9m k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na ho\u0159e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eNeukl\u00e1dejte si poklady na zemi, kde je ni\u010d\u00ed mol a rez a kde je zlod\u011bji vykop\u00e1vaj\u00ed a kradou\u201c (Matou\u0161 6:19).&nbsp; A na jin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b: \u201eKdyby hospod\u00e1\u0159 v\u011bd\u011bl, v kterou no\u010dn\u00ed dobu p\u0159ijde zlod\u011bj, bd\u011bl by a nedal by podkopat domu sv\u00e9ho\u201c (Matou\u0161 24:43). V&nbsp;knize Joba se p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201ePodkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed potm\u011b i domy, kter\u00e9\u017e sob\u011b ve dne znamenali; nebo nen\u00e1vid\u00ed sv\u011btla\u201c (Job 24:16). Co to ale znamen\u00e1 podkop\u00e1vat domy? Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee st\u011bny dom\u016f se \u010dasto stav\u011bly z hl\u00edny, bl\u00e1ta a kamen\u016f, bylo pro zlod\u011bje snadn\u00e9 prokopat d\u00edru u z\u00e1kladu takov\u00e9 st\u011bny a dostat se dovnit\u0159. Proto se v&nbsp;Bibli \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee zlod\u011bji doslova podkop\u00e1vali domy prostoduch\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u011btu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se domu nal\u00e9z\u00e1me u proroka \u00c1mose: \u201eJako kdy\u017e se d\u00e1 n\u011bkdo na \u00fat\u011bk p\u0159ed lvem a naraz\u00ed na n\u011bho medv\u011bd; nebo vejde do domu, op\u0159e se rukou o st\u011bnu a u\u0161tkne ho had\u201c (\u00c1mos 5:19). Trhliny ve zd\u00edch bar\u00e1k\u016f ob\u010das byly tak velk\u00e9, \u017ee skrze n\u011b do domu mohl snadno vl\u00e9zt had a ne\u010dekan\u011b se potkat s&nbsp;\u010dlov\u011bkem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak vid\u00edme, probl\u00e9m ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed nov\u00fd. Dnes bydl\u00edme v\u00a0pohodl\u00ed modern\u00edch byt\u016f a domov\u016f, kter\u00e9 ale zdaleka ne ka\u017ed\u00fd si m\u016f\u017ee dovolit koupit. V\u00a0minulosti stavba domu byla mo\u017en\u00e1 o n\u011bco jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ale nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed jako tr\u00e1va na st\u0159e\u0161e, kapaj\u00edc\u00ed na hlavu d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 nebo kousav\u00fd had ve va\u0161\u00ed kuchyni tak\u00e9 docela hodn\u011b otravovala \u017eivot lid\u00ed biblick\u00fdch dob.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obr\u00e1zky: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bible-facts.org\/\">\u0423\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b (bible-facts.org)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V biblick\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch lid\u00e9 netr\u00e1vili moc \u010dasu doma. Domov byl m\u00edstem odpo\u010dinku po nam\u00e1hav\u00e9 denn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, jeho \u00fa\u010del byl ryze utilit\u00e1rn\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu palestinsk\u00e9&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":866,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[48],"class_list":["post-860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biblistika","tag-2021-02","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=860"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/860\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":867,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/860\/revisions\/867"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}