Apo\u0161tol Pavel ve sv\u00fdch listech dost \u010dasto p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 adres\u00e1t\u016fm, kolik v\u0161eho ud\u011blal pro Kristovu c\u00edrkev a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed evangeln\u00ed zv\u011bsti. V 15. kapitole 1. listu Korintsk\u00fdm je to snad nejpatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pot\u00e9, co vyjmenoval v\u0161echny, komu se P\u00e1n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 uk\u00e1zal po sv\u00e9m zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed, uv\u00e1d\u00ed i sebe: \u201eNaposledy ze v\u0161ech se jako nedoch\u016fd\u010deti uk\u00e1zal i mn\u011b. V\u017edy\u0165 j\u00e1 jsem nejmen\u0161\u00ed z apo\u0161tol\u016f a nejsem ani hoden jm\u00e9na apo\u0161tol, proto\u017ee jsem pron\u00e1sledoval c\u00edrkev Bo\u017e\u00ed\u201c (1. Korintsk\u00fdm 15:8\u20139). K tomu ale dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eMilost\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed jsem to, co jsem, a milost, kterou mi prok\u00e1zal, nebyla nadarmo; v\u00edce ne\u017e oni v\u0161ichni jsem se napracoval\u201c (1. Korintsk\u00fdm 15:10). Zn\u00ed to jako neskromn\u00e1 samochv\u00e1la. Mus\u00edme ale do\u010d\u00edst v\u011btu: \u201eNikoli j\u00e1, n\u00fdbr\u017e milost Bo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla se mnou\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pavel t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9m dopisu zd\u016fraz\u0148uje sv\u00e9 apo\u0161tolstv\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pavel, slu\u017eebn\u00edk Krista Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, povolan\u00fd za apo\u0161tola, vyvolen\u00fd ke zv\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00edho evangelia<\/em> (\u0158\u00edman\u016fm 1:1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pavel, z v\u016fle Bo\u017e\u00ed povolan\u00fd apo\u0161tol Krista Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e<\/em> (1. Korintsk\u00fdm 1:1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pavel, apo\u0161tol povolan\u00fd a pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fd nikoliv lidmi, ale Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161em Kristem a Bohem Otcem, kter\u00fd Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e vzk\u0159\u00edsil z mrtv\u00fdch<\/em> (Galatsk\u00fdm 1:1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pavel, z v\u016fle Bo\u017e\u00ed apo\u0161tol Krista Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, poslan\u00fd hl\u00e1sat zasl\u00edben\u00fd \u017eivot v Kristu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i<\/em> (2. Timoteovi 1:1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pavel, Bo\u017e\u00ed slu\u017eebn\u00edk a apo\u0161tol Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, poslan\u00fd k tomu, aby Bo\u017e\u00ed vyvolen\u00e9 p\u0159ivedl k v\u00ed\u0159e a k pozn\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy na\u0161eho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, aby m\u011bli nad\u011bji na v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot<\/em> (Titovi 1:1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pavel, v\u011bze\u0148 Krista Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e<\/em> (Filemonovi 1:1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pro\u010d to d\u011bl\u00e1? Pavel nebyl mezi dvan\u00e1cti apo\u0161toly ani mezi sedmdes\u00e1ti, nevid\u011bl Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista za jeho pozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, a je\u0161t\u011b k tomu pron\u00e1sledoval c\u00edrkev jako \u201efarizeus, syn farize\u016fv\u201c. Bl\u00edzc\u00ed u\u010dedn\u00edci Krista Pavlovi ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovali. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b kritizovali i jeho u\u010den\u00ed. Pavel se br\u00e1nil: \u201eUji\u0161\u0165uji v\u00e1s, brat\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee evangelium, kter\u00e9 jste ode mne sly\u0161eli, nen\u00ed z \u010dlov\u011bka. V\u017edy\u0165 j\u00e1 jsem je nep\u0159evzal od \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka ani se mu nenau\u010dil od lid\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e zjevil mi je s\u00e1m Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Kristus\u201c (Galatsk\u00fdm 1:11\u201312). Doch\u00e1zelo i ke konflikt\u016fm s apo\u0161toly, o nich\u017e Pavel sarkastick\u00fd \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201ejsou ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enosti\u201c: \u201eKdy\u017e pak Petr p\u0159i\u0161el do Antiochie, postavil jsem se otev\u0159en\u011b proti n\u011bmu, proto\u017ee byl z\u0159ejm\u011b v nepr\u00e1vu\u201c (Galatsk\u00fdm 2:11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pavel se stal apo\u0161tolem pro pohany a s\u00e1m se p\u0159izn\u00e1val, \u017ee \u201ev c\u00edrkv\u00edch Kristov\u00fdch v Judsku mne osobn\u011b neznali; jen sly\u0161eli, \u017ee ten, kter\u00fd d\u0159\u00edve pron\u00e1sledoval c\u00edrkev, nyn\u00ed zv\u011bstuje v\u00edru, kterou p\u0159edt\u00edm cht\u011bl vyhubit.\u201c Ale zase dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201ea d\u011bkovali za mne Bohu\u201c (Galatsk\u00fdm 1:22\u201324).<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00edrkev nakonec uznala Pavlovo \u00fasil\u00ed, a nejen, \u017ee ho za\u0159adila mezi apo\u0161toly, ale tak\u00e9 ho jmenovala nejp\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1rove\u0148 s apo\u0161tolem Petrem. Polovina v\u0161ech knih Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona je naps\u00e1na b\u00fdval\u00fdm pron\u00e1sledovatelem k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f. Z\u00e1sluha Pavla spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 i v tom, \u017ee d\u00edky n\u011bmu si k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee nejsou jak\u00fdmsi odv\u011btv\u00edm judaismu, n\u00fdbr\u017e samostatnou c\u00edrkv\u00ed. Z \u201enejmen\u0161\u00edho z apo\u0161tol\u016f\u201c se Pavel stal nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n O velk\u00e9m v\u00fdznamu tohoto apo\u0161tola pro utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed c\u00edrkve sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed ikonostasy v\u0161ech pravoslavn\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f. Kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na apo\u0161tolskou \u0159adu ikon, ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f tam uvid\u00edme dvan\u00e1ct apo\u0161tol\u016f v\u010detn\u011b Pavla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Po Kristov\u011b zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed jeden\u00e1ct u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f rozhodlo, \u017ee dopln\u00ed apo\u0161tolsk\u00fd kruh. Pavla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b neznali, proto m\u00edsto zr\u00e1dce Jid\u00e1\u0161e pomoc\u00ed losu zvolili Mat\u011bje. Apo\u0161tol\u016f muselo b\u00fdt dvan\u00e1ct podle po\u010dtu kmen\u016f izraelsk\u00fdch. T\u00edm se zachovala kontinuita se staroz\u00e1konn\u00edmi d\u011bjinami. Mat\u011bje ale na na\u0161ich ikonostasech m\u00e1lokdy spat\u0159\u00edme. Nahradil ho pr\u00e1v\u011b Pavel, kter\u00fd je v apo\u0161tolsk\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed ke Kristu, stejn\u011b jako apo\u0161tol Petr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho apo\u0161tolstv\u00ed a domn\u011bl\u00e9 sebechv\u00e1len\u00ed bylo pro Pavla nezbytn\u00e9 z apologetick\u00fdch a misijn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f. Pravoslavn\u00fd biblista biskup Kassian (Bezobrazov) si v\u0161iml, \u017ee kdy\u017e apo\u0161tol zd\u00e1nliv\u011b chv\u00e1l\u00ed s\u00e1m sebe, nezd\u016fraz\u0148uje sv\u00e9 skutky, n\u00fdbr\u017e Bo\u017e\u00ed milost p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed skrze n\u011bj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I kdy\u017e apo\u0161tol mluv\u00ed o sv\u00fdch skutc\u00edch, chlub\u00ed se t\u00edm, jak siln\u00e1 je ruka Bo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jeho slab\u00fdch rukou. Jeho lidsk\u00e9 ruce tak\u00e9 n\u011bco d\u011blaj\u00ed, to je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee ho posiluje ruka Bo\u017e\u00ed. \u201ePr\u00e1v\u011b kdy\u017e jsem sl\u00e1b, jsem siln\u00fd,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e apo\u0161tol (2. Korintsk\u00fdm 12:10). Kdy\u017e se \u010dlov\u011bk sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed Bohu, dok\u00e1\u017ee cokoliv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 b\u00fdt slab\u00fdm v tomto smyslu. Nestoj\u00ed za nic b\u00fdt pasivn\u00ed, ned\u011blat nic, pozorovat, jak jin\u00ed v\u011bnuj\u00ed \u017eivot pln\u011bn\u00ed Kristov\u00fdch p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed. Ale sv\u011b\u0159it se Bohu, spojit svou v\u016fli s v\u016fl\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed a konat to, co je z lidsk\u00e9ho hlediska nemo\u017en\u00e9, je velk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed. Apo\u0161tol Pavel toto um\u011bn\u00ed ovl\u00e1dal dokonale. Z pron\u00e1sledovatele c\u00edrkve se stal prvn\u00edm Kristov\u00fdm zv\u011bstovatelem. Lidi to \u0161okovalo, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v tom hledali provokaci a Pavlovi ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovali. Ale on se pln\u011b v\u011bnoval hl\u00e1s\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 v\u00edry a chlubil se pouze \u201ek\u0159\u00ed\u017eem na\u0161eho P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista\u201c (Galatsk\u00fdm 6:14).<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00e1m Pavel cituje staroz\u00e1konn\u00ed moudrost: \u201eKdo se chlub\u00ed, a\u0165 se chlub\u00ed v P\u00e1nu\u201c (1. Korintsk\u00fdm 1:31). Chlubit se v P\u00e1nu znamen\u00e1 chv\u00e1lit Boha za to dobr\u00e9, co n\u00e1m dal vykonat. Je to sp\u00ed\u0161e d\u011bkovn\u00e1 modlitba ne\u017e samochv\u00e1la. Bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost posv\u011bcuje i na\u0161e v\u0161edn\u00ed \u010dinnosti. J\u00eddlo uva\u0159en\u00e9 s modlitbou chutn\u00e1 v\u00edc. Osamocen\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk se nec\u00edt\u00ed b\u00fdt osamocen\u00fd, kdy\u017e se modl\u00ed a v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee s n\u00edm je B\u016fh. V\u0161e se m\u011bn\u00ed k lep\u0161\u00edmu, kdy\u017e otev\u00edr\u00e1me Bohu dve\u0159e sv\u00e9ho srdce, jak to kdysi d\u00e1vno ud\u011blal apo\u0161tol Pavel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Redakce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Apo\u0161tol Pavel ve sv\u00fdch listech dost \u010dasto p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 adres\u00e1t\u016fm, kolik v\u0161eho ud\u011blal pro Kristovu c\u00edrkev a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed evangeln\u00ed zv\u011bsti. V 15. kapitole 1. listu Korintsk\u00fdm je…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":650,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[37],"class_list":["post-649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svatky-a-svetci","tag-2021-07","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=649"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":651,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649\/revisions\/651"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}