Pades\u00e1tnice se pova\u017eovala za druh\u00fd nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e1tek ve Star\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b. Lid jej slavil pades\u00e1t\u00fd den, tedy po uplynut\u00ed sedmi t\u00fddn\u016f od sv\u00e1tku Paschy. \u201ePotom si odpo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1te ode dne po dni odpo\u010dinku, ode dne, kdy jste p\u0159inesli snopek k ob\u011bti pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, pln\u00fdch sedm t\u00fddn\u016f. Ke dni po sedm\u00e9m dni odpo\u010dinku napo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1te pades\u00e1t dn\u00ed a pak p\u0159inesete Hospodinu novou p\u0159\u00eddavnou ob\u011b\u0165\u201c (Leviticus 23:15\u201316); \u201eOdpo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1\u0161 si sedm t\u00fddn\u016f. Od chv\u00edle, kdy p\u0159ilo\u017e\u00ed\u0161 srp ke stoj\u00edc\u00edmu obil\u00ed, za\u010dne\u0161 po\u010d\u00edtat sedm t\u00fddn\u016f. Pak bude\u0161 slavit Hospodinu, sv\u00e9mu Bohu, slavnost t\u00fddn\u016f. D\u00e1\u0161 dobrovoln\u011b podle sv\u00e9 mo\u017enosti z toho, v \u010dem ti Hospodin, tv\u016fj B\u016fh, po\u017eehn\u00e1.\u201c (Deuteronomium 16:9\u201310)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pades\u00e1tnice byla tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1na \u201esv\u00e1tek t\u00fddn\u016f\u201c. \u201eTehdy za\u010dal \u0160alomoun ob\u011btovat Hospodinu z\u00e1paln\u00e9 ob\u011bti na Hospodinov\u011b olt\u00e1\u0159i, kter\u00fd vybudoval p\u0159ed chr\u00e1movou p\u0159eds\u00edn\u00ed, podle ka\u017edodenn\u00edho po\u0159\u00e1dku, podle Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova p\u0159\u00edkazu pro p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed ve dnech odpo\u010dinku, o novolun\u00edch a p\u0159i slavnostech, t\u0159ikr\u00e1t za rok, ve sv\u00e1tek nekva\u0161en\u00fdch chleb\u016f, ve sv\u00e1tek t\u00fddn\u016f a ve sv\u00e1tek st\u00e1nk\u016f.\u201c (2. Paralipomenon 8:12\u201313)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u011bhem tohoto sv\u00e1tku byl ka\u017ed\u00fd povinen p\u0159edstoupit p\u0159ed Hospodina v jeho chr\u00e1mu. \u201eBude\u0161 slavit slavnost t\u00fddn\u016f, prvn\u00edch snopk\u016f p\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e9 \u017en\u011b, a slavnost sklizn\u011b na p\u0159elomu roku. T\u0159ikr\u00e1t v roce se ka\u017ed\u00fd z v\u00e1s, kdo je mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed, uk\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159ed P\u00e1nem Hospodinem, Bohem Izraele.\u201c (Ex 34,22\u201323) \u017did\u00e9 zachov\u00e1vali tento den s \u00factou srovnatelnou se zachov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm soboty: zdr\u017eovali se jak\u00e9koli pr\u00e1ce a v\u011bnovali sv\u016fj \u010das n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b Hospodinova domu a vzd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z lingvistick\u00e9ho hlediska poch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u00e1zev sv\u00e1tku z hebrejsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu \u201eac\u00e9reth\u201c, kter\u00fd je odvozen od slovesa \u201eac\u00e1r\u201c znamenaj\u00edc\u00edho \u201eshrom\u00e1\u017edit se\u201c. Slovo tedy nese v\u00fdznam \u201eshrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed\u201c a v kontextu Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona ozna\u010duje sv\u00e1tek, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e se lid sch\u00e1z\u00ed k radostn\u00e9 oslav\u011b a vzd\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00edky Hospodinu. Podle pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradice p\u0159ijal prorok Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Z\u00e1kon na ho\u0159e Sinaj pades\u00e1t\u00fd den po vyjit\u00ed \u017did\u016f z Egypta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Se vznikem Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona z\u00edskala Pades\u00e1tnice nov\u00fd duchovn\u00ed rozm\u011br a hlub\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam skrze sestoupen\u00ed zasl\u00edben\u00e9ho Ducha Svat\u00e9ho na apo\u0161toly. Zat\u00edmco apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 v modlitb\u011b a trp\u011blivosti o\u010dek\u00e1vali napln\u011bn\u00ed Spasitelova zasl\u00edben\u00ed (Skutky 1:4, 14), sestoupil na n\u011b Duch jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 p\u0159eb\u00fdvala v jejich nitru. V onen po\u017eehnan\u00fd den se Duch Svat\u00fd zjevil jako osoba: osv\u00edtil mysl apo\u0161tol\u016f, o\u010distil jejich srdce a zcela prom\u011bnil jejich \u017eivot. Moc\u00ed tohoto Ducha se stali zp\u016fsobil\u00fdmi n\u00e9st n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 b\u0159emeno zv\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed evangelia, kter\u00e9mu z\u016fstali v\u011brni a\u017e do posledn\u00edho dechu. Stali se \u017eiv\u00fdmi sv\u011bdky Boha \u2013 vt\u011blen\u00e9ho Slova, v\u00edt\u011bz\u00edc\u00edho nad smrt\u00ed. D\u00edky nim se Kristova c\u00edrkev roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila do v\u0161ech kout\u016f zem\u011b, jak jim p\u0159ik\u00e1zal jejich P\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Po zavr\u0161en\u00ed slaven\u00ed Paschy, kdy du\u0161e v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch napl\u0148uje posv\u00e1tn\u00e1 radost z Kristova vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed a nanebevstoupen\u00ed, dosahuje duchovn\u00ed radost sv\u00e9ho vrcholu pr\u00e1v\u011b o Pades\u00e1tnici. C\u00edrkevn\u00ed otcov\u00e9 v\u011bnovali tomuto sv\u00e1tku velkou pozornost ve sv\u00fdch spisech i k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edch a hluboce rozj\u00edmali o jeho svatosti. Podobn\u011b jako u jin\u00fdch velk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f P\u00e1n\u011b vyhradila c\u00edrkev tomuto sv\u00e1tku cel\u00fd t\u00fdden, b\u011bhem n\u011bho\u017e zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed duchovn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b a hymny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sestoupen\u00edm Ducha Svat\u00e9ho na apo\u0161toly i na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pok\u0159t\u011bn\u00e9ho ve jm\u00e9nu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista se bo\u017esk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost zjevila ve sv\u00e9 plnosti a kr\u00e1se: Kristus se stal na\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fvodcem na cest\u011b a skrze sv\u00e9ho Ducha p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1 v na\u0161em nitru. \u201eVy v\u0161ak nejste \u017eivi ze sv\u00e9 s\u00edly, ale z moci Ducha, jestli\u017ee ve v\u00e1s Bo\u017e\u00ed Duch p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1. Kdo nem\u00e1 Ducha Kristova, ten nen\u00ed jeho. Je-li v\u0161ak ve v\u00e1s Kristus, pak va\u0161e t\u011blo sice podl\u00e9h\u00e1 smrti, proto\u017ee jste zh\u0159e\u0161ili, ale Duch d\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eivot, proto\u017ee jste ospravedln\u011bni. Jestli\u017ee ve v\u00e1s p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1 Duch toho, kter\u00fd Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e vzk\u0159\u00edsil z mrtv\u00fdch, pak ten, kdo vzk\u0159\u00edsil z mrtv\u00fdch Krista Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, ob\u017eiv\u00ed i va\u0161e smrteln\u00e1 t\u011bla Duchem, kter\u00fd ve v\u00e1s p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1.\u201c (\u0158\u00edman\u016fm 8:9\u201311)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tento Duch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v na\u0161\u00ed mysli jako sv\u011btlo, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s vede, promlouv\u00e1 k na\u0161\u00ed du\u0161i a inspiruje na\u0161e my\u0161lenky. Jemn\u011b usv\u011bd\u010duje na\u0161e sv\u011bdom\u00ed z chyb a p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00e1s na cesty pokoje, l\u00e1sky a svatosti. \u201eTi, kdo se daj\u00ed v\u00e9st Duchem Bo\u017e\u00edm, jsou synov\u00e9 Bo\u017e\u00ed\u201c (\u0158\u00edman\u016fm 8:14); \u201eJsme-li \u017eivi Bo\u017e\u00edm Duchem, dejme se Duchem tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddit.\u201c (Galatsk\u00fdm 5:25)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tato hlubok\u00e1 v\u00edra v Krista jako Spasitele p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed prom\u011bnu lidsk\u00e9 bytosti. M\u00edsto uzav\u0159enosti do sebe, honby za pozemsk\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami, k\u0159ehk\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ln\u00edmi jistotami a t\u011blesn\u00fdmi po\u017eitky se srdce v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho povzn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed k ryze duchovn\u00edmu \u017eivotu veden\u00e9mu hlasem Ducha. Kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk tento hlas miluje a n\u00e1sleduje jej, zakou\u0161\u00ed pokoj, s\u00edlu, vnit\u0159n\u00ed m\u00edr a posv\u00e1tnou radost, jakou mu cel\u00fd sv\u011bt nem\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tak n\u00e1m Duch Svat\u00fd daroval nov\u00fd \u201educhovn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u201c, kter\u00fd p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed od h\u0159\u00edch\u016f a trval\u00e9 posv\u011bcen\u00ed a zaji\u0161\u0165uje n\u00e1m korunu sp\u00e1sy, pokud po t\u00e9to cest\u011b kr\u00e1\u010d\u00edme v\u011brn\u011b a p\u0159\u00edmo, poslu\u0161n\u00ed Kristu, kter\u00fd v n\u00e1s p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1 sv\u00fdm Duchem, a neseme sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o n\u011bm ve sv\u011bt\u011b slovem i skutkem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eNyn\u00ed v\u0161ak nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho odsouzen\u00ed pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v Kristu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i, nebo\u0165 z\u00e1kon Ducha, kter\u00fd vede k \u017eivotu v Kristu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i, osvobodil t\u011b od z\u00e1kona h\u0159\u00edchu a smrti. B\u016fh u\u010dinil to, co bylo z\u00e1konu nemo\u017en\u00e9 pro lidskou slabost: Jako ob\u011b\u0165 za h\u0159\u00edch poslal sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho Syna v t\u011ble, jako m\u00e1 h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, aby na lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble odsoudil h\u0159\u00edch, a aby tak spravedlnost po\u017eadovan\u00e1 z\u00e1konem byla napln\u011bna v n\u00e1s, kte\u0159\u00ed se ne\u0159\u00edd\u00edme svou v\u016fl\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e v\u016fl\u00ed Ducha.\u201c (\u0158\u00edman\u016fm 8:1\u20134)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Archmandrita Jack Khalil, Ph.D., d\u011bkan Teologick\u00e9ho institutu sv. Jana Dama\u0161sk\u00e9ho Balamandsk\u00e9 univerzity v Libanonu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pades\u00e1tnice se pova\u017eovala za druh\u00fd nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e1tek ve Star\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b. Lid jej slavil pades\u00e1t\u00fd den, tedy po uplynut\u00ed sedmi t\u00fddn\u016f od sv\u00e1tku Paschy. \u201ePotom si…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3875,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[117],"class_list":["post-3874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svatky-a-svetci","tag-2026-05","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3874"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3876,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3874\/revisions\/3876"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}