{"id":3849,"date":"2026-04-20T12:34:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T11:34:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=3849"},"modified":"2026-05-10T13:19:56","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T12:19:56","slug":"opravnenost-pravoslavne-prosby-presvata-bohorodice-spasiz-nas-teologicka-a-lingvisticka-studie-ve-svetle-noveho-zakona","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2026\/04\/20\/opravnenost-pravoslavne-prosby-presvata-bohorodice-spasiz-nas-teologicka-a-lingvisticka-studie-ve-svetle-noveho-zakona\/","title":{"rendered":"Opr\u00e1vn\u011bnost pravoslavn\u00e9 prosby \u201eP\u0159esvat\u00e1 Bohorodice,\u00a0spasi\u017e n\u00e1s\u201c. Teologick\u00e1 a lingvistick\u00e1 studie ve sv\u011btle Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Anotace:<\/strong>&nbsp;Tato studie se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 problematikou opr\u00e1vn\u011bnosti prosby o \u201esp\u00e1su\u201c adresovan\u00e9 Bohorodici v liturgick\u00fdch modlitb\u00e1ch. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm exegeze novoz\u00e1konn\u00edch text\u016f studie dokazuje, \u017ee sloveso \u201espasit\u201c (\u03c3\u03ce\u03b6\u03c9) bylo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no v&nbsp;P\u00edsmu svat\u00e9m pro popisov\u00e1n\u00ed role apo\u0161tol\u016f a v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch jako\u017eto pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch prost\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f Bo\u017esk\u00e9 oikonomie sp\u00e1sy. Studie se rovn\u011b\u017e zab\u00fdv\u00e1 anal\u00fdzou r\u016fzn\u00fdch lingvistick\u00fdch v\u00fdznam\u016f tohoto slovesa v Septuagint\u011b a v p\u016fvodn\u00edm \u0159eck\u00e9m textu Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed uzdraven\u00ed, z\u00e1chranu a prost\u0159ednictv\u00ed. Autor dosp\u00edv\u00e1 k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee tato prosba je v pln\u00e9m souladu s prameny pravoslavn\u00e9 v\u00edry a nep\u0159edstavuje odch\u00fdlen\u00ed od jedine\u010dnosti Kristova vykoupen\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm apo\u0161tolsk\u00e9ho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed role p\u0159\u00edmluvy a spole\u010denstv\u00ed v t\u011ble Kristov\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nakolik je spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 a pravoslavn\u00e1 tato modlitebn\u00ed prosba, kterou opakujeme v mnoha na\u0161ich liturgick\u00fdch bohoslu\u017eb\u00e1ch? Jin\u00fdmi slovy: sm\u00edme prosit o sp\u00e1su n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, vt\u011blen\u00e9 Bo\u017e\u00ed Slovo? Neud\u011blali n\u00e1hodou chybu svat\u00ed otcov\u00e9, tv\u016frci hymn\u016f, p\u0159i formulaci t\u00e9to prosby, kterou p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161\u00edme v n\u011bkolika liturgick\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch? Je tato prosba v souladu s u\u010den\u00edm P\u00edsma svat\u00e9ho a v\u00edrou apo\u0161tol\u016f?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abychom na\u0161li odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku, mus\u00edme hledat lingvistick\u00e9 zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed a biblick\u00fd d\u016fkaz, kter\u00fd potvrzuje pravoslavnost t\u00e9to prosby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sloveso \u201espasit\u201c se v Bibli \u010dasto objevuje v teologick\u00e9m v\u00fdznamu souvisej\u00edc\u00edm se sp\u00e1sou a ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f subjektem tohoto \u010dinu je B\u016fh. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v P\u00edsmu svat\u00e9m nach\u00e1z\u00edme tak\u00e9 \u010detn\u00e1 u\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9ho\u017e slovesa \u2013 a to i v teologick\u00e9m smyslu \u2013 kde je subjektem \u010dlov\u011bk, nikoli B\u016fh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi tyto p\u0159\u00edpady pat\u0159\u00ed slova apo\u0161tola Pavla:&nbsp;<em>\u201eabych vzbudil \u017e\u00e1rlivost sv\u00fdch pokrevn\u00edch brat\u0159\u00ed a n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich spasil\u201c<\/em>&nbsp;(\u0158\u00edman\u016fm 11:14). Apo\u0161tol se nec\u00edtil ztrapn\u011bn, kdy\u017e prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee chce \u201espasit\u201c lidi ze \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda, ke kter\u00e9mu pat\u0159il. A\u010dkoli si nep\u0159ipisoval schopnost \u201evykoupen\u00ed\u201c, nec\u00edtil pot\u0159ebu pou\u017e\u00edt alternativn\u00ed formulace jako \u201ep\u0159iv\u00e9st je ke sp\u00e1se\u201c (co\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b nespr\u00e1vn\u011b d\u011blaj\u00ed mnoz\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159ekladatel\u00e9 P\u00edsma<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>) nebo \u201ezv\u011bstovat jim sp\u00e1su\u201c, i kdy\u017e to byl p\u0159esn\u011b ten v\u00fdznam, kter\u00fd m\u011bl na mysli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V sedm\u00e9 kapitole prvn\u00edho listu Korintsk\u00fdm apo\u0161tol rad\u00ed ohledn\u011b man\u017eelstv\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edmu mu\u017ei nebo \u017een\u011b (bez rozd\u00edlu pohlav\u00ed) a vyb\u00edz\u00ed je, aby nep\u0159eb\u00edrali iniciativu k rozv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed man\u017eelsk\u00e9ho svazku s nev\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed stranou, co\u017e zd\u016fvod\u0148uje slovy:&nbsp;\u201e<em>V\u00ed\u0161 snad, \u017eeno, zda spas\u00ed\u0161 (\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2) sv\u00e9ho mu\u017ee? V\u00ed\u0161 snad, mu\u017ei, zda spas\u00ed\u0161 (\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2) svou \u017eenu?\u201c<\/em>&nbsp;(1. Korintsk\u00fdm 7:16) Znovu si v\u0161\u00edm\u00e1me, \u017ee apo\u0161tol nev\u00e1hal \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee mu\u017e nebo \u017eena spas\u00ed nev\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho partnera, \u010d\u00edm\u017e m\u011bl na mysli to, \u017ee p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k p\u0159ijet\u00ed Krista a odm\u00edtnut\u00ed model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cten\u00e1\u0159 jist\u011b pochop\u00ed v\u00fdznam toho, co apo\u0161tol napsal v t\u00e9m\u017ee list\u011b o sob\u011b:&nbsp;<em>\u201eT\u011bm, kdo jsou slab\u00ed, stal jsem se slab\u00fdm, abych z\u00edskal slab\u00e9. V\u0161em jsem se stal v\u0161\u00edm, abych aspo\u0148 n\u011bkter\u00e9 spasil (\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c9).\u201c<\/em>&nbsp;(1. Korintsk\u00fdm 9:22) Stejn\u011b tak psal sv\u00e9mu u\u010dedn\u00edku Timoteovi, kdy\u017e objas\u0148oval tut\u00e9\u017e my\u0161lenku:&nbsp;<em>\u201eD\u00e1vej pozor na sv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed i na sv\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed. Bu\u010f v tom vytrval\u00fd. Nebo\u0165 bude\u0161-li to \u010dinit, i sam\u00e9ho sebe spas\u00ed\u0161, i ty, kte\u0159\u00ed\u017e tebe poslouchaj\u00ed.\u201c<\/em>&nbsp;(1. Timoteovi 4:16)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u00fdznamy slovesa \u201espasit\u201c v \u0159eck\u00e9m jazyce<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0158eck\u00e9 sloveso&nbsp;<strong>\u03c3\u03ce\u03b6\u03c9<\/strong>&nbsp;(s\u014dz\u014d) se v Septuagint\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k p\u0159ekladu hebrejsk\u00e9ho slovesa&nbsp;\u05d4\u05d5\u05b9\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05e2\u05b7&nbsp;(h\u014d\u0161\u012ba\u02bf) a dal\u0161\u00edch sloves vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdznam \u201az\u00e1chrany, sp\u00e1sy\u2018, jako jsou: \u05de\u05b4\u05dc\u05b5\u05bc\u05d8,&nbsp;\u05e0\u05b4\u05e6\u05b5\u05bc\u05dc&nbsp;\u05de\u05b4\u05dc\u05b5\u05bc\u05d8&nbsp;a n\u011bkdy \u05e2\u05b8\u05d6\u05b7\u05e8. V Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b, kdy\u017e se toto sloveso objevuje v&nbsp;\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm smyslu, m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdznam\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1chrana p\u0159ed \u00fajmou \u010di z\u00e1hubou, uzdraven\u00ed a navr\u00e1cen\u00ed zdrav\u00ed:<\/strong>\u00a0(jako v Matou\u0161 9:22, Marek 5:34, 10:52, Luk\u00e1\u0161 8:48, 17:19, 18:42, Jakub 5:15 a v trpn\u00e9m rod\u011b v Matou\u0161 9:21, Marek 5:23, 28, 6:56, Luk\u00e1\u0161 8:36, 50, Jan 11:12, Skutky 4:9, 14:9).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ochrana p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm a vysvobozen\u00ed:<\/strong>\u00a0(jako v Matou\u0161 8:25, 14:30, 24:22, 27:40, 42, 49, Marek 13:20, 15:30-31, Luk\u00e1\u0161 23:35, 37, 39 a v trpn\u00e9m rod\u011b v Skutky 27:20, 31, 1. Petr\u016fv 4:18).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Spasen\u00ed du\u0161e:<\/strong>\u00a0ve smyslu zachov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota (jako v Matou\u0161 16:25, Marek 3:4, 8:35, Luk\u00e1\u0161 6:9, 9:24).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e se sloveso \u201espasit\u201c objevuje jako&nbsp;<strong>\u201eteologick\u00fd technick\u00fd term\u00edn\u201c<\/strong>, odkazuje na:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vysvobozen\u00ed z trest\u016f mesi\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9ho soudu doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edchod o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho Krista Spasitele (Joel 3:5).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spasen\u00ed od zla, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed vykoupen\u00ed z h\u0159\u00edch\u016f (Matou\u0161 1:21).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vysvobozen\u00ed z Bo\u017e\u00edho hn\u011bvu, kdy\u017e bude B\u016fh soudit sv\u011bt v\u00a0posledn\u00edch \u010dasech (\u0158\u00edman\u016fm 5:9).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdznam: \u00fa\u010dast \u010dlov\u011bka na sp\u00e1se, kterou vykonal Kristus; opakem toho je v\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00e1huba (viz Matou\u0161 19:24-25, Marek 10:25-26, Luk\u00e1\u0161 18:25-26, Jan 3:16-17).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017eeme vyvodit z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed slovesa \u201espasit\u201c se neomezuje pouze na technick\u00fd v\u00fdznam odkazuj\u00edc\u00ed na sp\u00e1su skrze Bo\u017e\u00ed pl\u00e1n Svat\u00e9 Trojice. Naopak existuje rozmanitost v okolnostech jeho u\u017eit\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako se toto u\u017eit\u00ed li\u0161\u00ed v modlitebn\u00edm k\u00e1nonu (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2), akathistu a dal\u0161\u00edch modlitb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon je bohat\u00fd na p\u0159\u00edklady, v nich\u017e je sloveso \u201espasit\u201c p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no jin\u00e9mu subjektu ne\u017e Bohu, dosp\u00edv\u00e1me k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee tato liturgick\u00e1 prosba&nbsp;<strong>\u201espasi\u017e n\u00e1s\u201c<\/strong>, kterou c\u00edrkev adresuje \u201e\u0160ir\u0161\u00ed nad nebesa\u201c p\u0159esvat\u00e9 Bohorodici, je v pln\u00e9m souladu s prameny k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry a nikdy nebyla ciz\u00ed apo\u0161tolsk\u00e9mu my\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde je nutn\u00e9 zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee tento v\u00fdraz neodporuje biblick\u00e9 pravd\u011b:&nbsp;<strong>\u201eV nikom jin\u00e9m nen\u00ed sp\u00e1sy; nen\u00ed pod nebem jin\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na, zjeven\u00e9ho lidem, j\u00edm\u017e bychom mohli b\u00fdt spaseni\u201c (Skutky 4:12)<\/strong>, n\u00fdbr\u017e teologicky vysv\u011btluje zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm tato jedin\u00e1 a jedine\u010dn\u00e1 sp\u00e1sa p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed k n\u00e1m skrze \u010dinnost apo\u0161tol\u016f, u\u010ditel\u016f a svat\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 si B\u016fh vyvolil, v jejich\u017e \u010dele stoj\u00ed Bohorodice, kter\u00e1 svou poslu\u0161nost\u00ed umo\u017enila vt\u011blen\u00ed Spasitele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Archmandrita Jack Khalil, Ph.D.,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d\u011bkan Teologick\u00e9ho institutu sv. Jana Dama\u0161sk\u00e9ho (Balamand, Libanon)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Pozn\u00e1mka p\u0159ekladatele.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anotace:&nbsp;Tato studie se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 problematikou opr\u00e1vn\u011bnosti prosby o \u201esp\u00e1su\u201c adresovan\u00e9 Bohorodici v liturgick\u00fdch modlitb\u00e1ch. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm exegeze novoz\u00e1konn\u00edch text\u016f studie dokazuje, \u017ee sloveso \u201espasit\u201c (\u03c3\u03ce\u03b6\u03c9) bylo&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3873,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[116],"class_list":["post-3849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biblistika","tag-2026-04","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3849"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3849\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3851,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3849\/revisions\/3851"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}