{"id":3623,"date":"2018-12-26T20:17:41","date_gmt":"2018-12-26T19:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=3623"},"modified":"2026-01-14T10:33:14","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T09:33:14","slug":"3-zajimave-otazky-o-kristove-narozeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2018\/12\/26\/3-zajimave-otazky-o-kristove-narozeni\/","title":{"rendered":"3 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Kristov\u011b narozen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ot\u00e1zka \u010d. 1: Kdy se Kristus narodil?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e se n\u00e1s n\u011bkdo zept\u00e1, kdy jsme se narodili, s jistotou na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u00edme. Ale jak je to s datem Kristova narozen\u00ed? Kdy se narodil n\u00e1\u0161 P\u00e1n? 25. prosince? Nebo 7. ledna? A kolik\u00e1t\u00e9ho roku \u2013 1 nebo 0? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ani dnes situace s kalend\u00e1\u0159em nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1. R\u016fzn\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 kalend\u00e1\u0159e. O jin\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch u\u017e v\u016fbec nemluv\u00edme. Ale v minulosti kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed ot\u00e1zky byly mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtali l\u00e9ta od zalo\u017een\u00ed \u0158\u00edma, jin\u00ed od za\u010d\u00e1tku vl\u00e1dy toho \u010di onoho kr\u00e1le, \u017did\u00e9 za v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod pova\u017eovali stvo\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011bta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010clov\u011bkem, kter\u00fd vypo\u010d\u00edtal rok Kristova narozen\u00ed, byl mnich Dionysius Mal\u00fd. T\u00edmto \u00fakolem ho pov\u011b\u0159il \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd pape\u017e Jan I. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se l\u00e9ta po\u010d\u00edtala od za\u010d\u00e1tku vl\u00e1dy c\u00edsa\u0159e Diokleci\u00e1na. Dionysius vypo\u010d\u00edtal, \u017ee rok 248 Diokleci\u00e1novy \u00e9ry odpov\u00edd\u00e1 roku 532 po Kristov\u011b narozen\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel se mnich dopustil omylu ve sv\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dtech. Tak dnes u\u017e v\u00edme z v\u011bdecky osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, \u017ee Herodes zem\u0159el v roce 4 p\u0159ed n. l., tzn. p\u0159ed Kristem, co\u017e je nesmysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co o Kristov\u011b narozen\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 P\u00edsmo svat\u00e9? Bohu\u017eel jen m\u00e1lo. Podle Luk\u00e1\u0161ova evangelia se d\u00e1 dost p\u0159esn\u011b vypo\u010d\u00edtat narozen\u00ed sv. Jana P\u0159edch\u016fdce. V\u00edme, \u017ee v dob\u011b, kdy and\u011bl zv\u011bstoval Pann\u011b Marii narozen\u00ed Spasitele, sv. Al\u017eb\u011bta byla t\u011bhotn\u00e1 ji\u017e 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f (viz Hlas pravoslav\u00ed \u010d. 12, 2017). T\u00edm p\u00e1dem Kristovo narozen\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipad\u00e1 bu\u010f na konec sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho prosince, nebo za\u010d\u00e1tek ledna. Ale jsou to po\u0159\u00e1d jen p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty. Co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 roku, je to je\u0161t\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u00edme jenom to, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 za\u010d\u00ednal sv\u00e9 d\u00edlo v patn\u00e1ct\u00e9m roce vl\u00e1dy c\u00edsa\u0159e Tiberia (Luk\u00e1\u0161 3, 1), co\u017e je rok 29 n. l., a bylo mu tehdy \u201easi t\u0159icet let\u201c (Luk\u00e1\u0161 3, 23). \u017did\u00e9 v Janov\u011b evangeliu ve sv\u00e9m sporu s Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161em zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee mu ani \u201enen\u00ed pades\u00e1t\u201c (Jan 8, 57), co\u017e je tak\u00e9 dost mlhav\u00e9. V\u00edme, \u017ee Kristus se narodil za vl\u00e1dy kr\u00e1le Heroda (Matou\u0161 2, 1), S\u00fdrii v t\u00e9 dob\u011b spravoval Quirinius a c\u00edsa\u0159 Augustus vydal na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, aby byl po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b proveden soupis lidu (Luk\u00e1\u0161, 2, 1\u20132).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edme o Betl\u00e9msk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u011b, kterou spat\u0159ili mudrci z v\u00fdchodu. Podle \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch letopis\u016f se takov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda skute\u010dn\u011b objevila na nebi kolem roku 5 p\u0159ed n. l. Ale interpretace a datov\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch dokument\u016f je tak\u00e9 velmi nesnadn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u017ee na jednu stranu naprosto p\u0159esn\u011b datovat Kristovo narozen\u00ed nem\u016f\u017eeme. Ale na stranu druhou existuje spousta informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 poukazuj\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, i kdy\u017e neur\u010denou do roku a do dne, historickou dobu, kdy se Syn Bo\u017e\u00ed stal Synem \u010dlov\u011bka. V\u00edme p\u0159esn\u011b, \u017ee Kristus se narodil tehdy a rod\u00ed se znovu v ka\u017ed\u00e9m srdci, kter\u00e9 je schopno tuto dobrou zv\u011bst p\u0159ijmout.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ot\u00e1zka \u010d. 2: Pro\u010d P\u00e1n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 sv\u00e9 narozeniny neslavil?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z pohledu modern\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka \u017did\u00e9 novoz\u00e1konn\u00ed doby byli do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry lidmi ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fdmi. Sv\u00e9 narozeniny neslavili, nepo\u0159\u00e1dali narozeninov\u00e9 party, nedost\u00e1vali kopu zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch d\u00e1rk\u016f. Vysv\u011btluje se to asi t\u00edm, \u017ee samotn\u00fd \u010das vn\u00edmali jinak ne\u017e my. N\u00e1m se \u017eivot zd\u00e1 jakousi lini\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed a kone\u010dn\u00fd bod \u2013 start a fin\u00e1le. Ale pro n\u011b p\u0159edstavoval obrovskou spir\u00e1lu, kde je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd nov\u00fd kvalitativn\u00ed z\u00e1vit \u2013 d\u011btstv\u00ed, ml\u00e1d\u00ed, dosp\u011blost, st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed miln\u00edky \u2013 ob\u0159\u00edzka, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, man\u017eelstv\u00ed atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b toho \u017eidovsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost se formovala v boji za svou sv\u00e9bytnost a ciz\u00ed kulturn\u00ed vlivy vn\u00edmala negativn\u011b. Oslavy narozenin byly \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm zvykem, tj. zvykem pohan\u016f okupant\u016f. Markovo evangelium n\u00e1m popisuje jednu jedinou narozeninovou oslavu, a to oslavu Herodovu. V\u0161ichni v\u00edme, jak dopadla. Na po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dcery Herodiady kat s\u0165al Jana K\u0159titele a p\u0159inesl jeho hlavu host\u016fm na m\u00edse. Asi nikdo z n\u00e1s by si takov\u00fd ve\u010d\u00edrek nep\u0159\u00e1l.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Snad proto i datum Kristova narozen\u00ed upadlo v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed a s\u00e1m Kristus sv\u00e9 narozeniny pochopiteln\u011b neslavil. D\u016fle\u017eitost t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti si uv\u011bdomila a\u017e Kristova c\u00edrkev, a to mnohem pozd\u011bji. Pak n\u00e1sledovaly pokusy vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed data, o kter\u00fdch jsme se ji\u017e zmi\u0148ovali.  <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ot\u00e1zka \u010d. 3: Jak\u00e9 d\u00e1rky dostal novorozen\u00fd Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 od mudrc\u016f?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nehled\u011b na to, \u017ee P\u00e1n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 neslavil narozeniny, od v\u00fdchodn\u00edch mudrc\u016f dostal d\u00e1rky, o kter\u00fdch my ani nesn\u00edme. T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 p\u0159inesli Novorozen\u00e9mu dary napln\u011bn\u00e9 hlubok\u00fdm smyslem \u2013 zlato, kadidlo a myrhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zlato mu bylo darov\u00e1no jako Kr\u00e1li kr\u00e1l\u016f. Je symbolem poplatku, kter\u00fd poddan\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed sv\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dci. Krom\u011b toho zlato se v\u017edy pou\u017e\u00edvalo pro v\u00fdrobu luxusn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed a velmi \u010dasto zdobilo i posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 relikvie. Cherub\u00edni zdob\u00edc\u00ed archu \u00famluvy v Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu byli zhotoveni ze zlata. Tv\u00e1\u0159e sv\u011btc\u016f na ikon\u00e1ch obklopuj\u00ed zlat\u00e9 svatoz\u00e1\u0159e. Pravoslavn\u00e9 chr\u00e1my jsou \u010dasto korunovan\u00e9 zlat\u00fdmi kupolemi. Zlato u r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f bylo symbolem v\u011b\u010dnosti kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee tenhle met\u00e1l nepodl\u00e9h\u00e1 zk\u00e1ze. Proto se zlato zd\u00e1lo b\u00fdt d\u016fstojn\u00fdm darem pro Kr\u00e1le kr\u00e1l\u016f, jen\u017e m\u00e1 skute\u010dnou moc, ale pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ji jen ve prosp\u011bch v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch poddan\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kadidlo je drahou vonnou prysky\u0159ic\u00ed, bylo darov\u00e1no Kristu jako Bohu a velekn\u011bzi. Tato vonn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro oku\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed chr\u00e1mu a symbolizuje hlubokou \u00factu \u010dlov\u011bka k Bohu. Oku\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kadidlem n\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161ude ve sv\u011bt\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen Duch svat\u00fd \u2013 t\u0159et\u00ed hypostaze Boha-Trojice. Ale pro\u010d Krista n\u011bkdy naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed velekn\u011bzem? Kr\u00e1l David ve sv\u00e9m \u017ealmu prorokuje o Kristovi a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee je kn\u011bzem nav\u011bky podle Melchisedechova \u0159\u00e1du (\u017dalmy 110, 4). P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh tohoto kr\u00e1le a kn\u011bze je pops\u00e1n v 1. Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b knize. Kdy\u017e se Abrah\u00e1m vracel po v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad Kedorla\u00f3merem a nad kr\u00e1li, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1li na jeho stran\u011b, \u0161\u00e1lemsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Melchisedech p\u0159inesl chl\u00e9b a v\u00edno; byl toti\u017e kn\u011bzem Boha nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho. A po\u017eehnal Abrah\u00e1movi (1. Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova 14, 17\u201320). Chl\u00e9b a v\u00edno tady jsou p\u0159edobrazem eucharistick\u00e9 ob\u011bti Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Myrha, je\u017e byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za poh\u0159ebn\u00ed vonnou prysky\u0159ici, byla darov\u00e1na Kristu jako tomu, kdo um\u0159e pro v\u0161echny lidi. Je dost mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee mudrci v\u011bd\u011bli z proroctv\u00ed, jak\u00fd osud \u010dek\u00e1 Mesi\u00e1\u0161e, \u017ee bude trp\u011bt a ob\u011btuje se, aby vysvobodil lidi z otroctv\u00ed h\u0159\u00edchu a smrti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redakce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ot\u00e1zka \u010d. 1: Kdy se Kristus narodil? Kdy\u017e se n\u00e1s n\u011bkdo zept\u00e1, kdy jsme se narodili, s jistotou na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u00edme. Ale jak je to…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3628,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[110],"class_list":["post-3623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svatky-a-svetci","tag-2018-12","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3623"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3635,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3623\/revisions\/3635"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}