{"id":3399,"date":"2021-08-27T18:55:54","date_gmt":"2021-08-27T17:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=3399"},"modified":"2025-08-27T18:58:37","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T17:58:37","slug":"oblacne-zesnuti-ikona-podrobne-popisujici-udalost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/08\/27\/oblacne-zesnuti-ikona-podrobne-popisujici-udalost\/","title":{"rendered":"Obla\u010dn\u00e9 Zesnut\u00ed \u2013 ikona podrobn\u011b popisuj\u00edc\u00ed ud\u00e1lost"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

O Zesnut\u00ed p\u0159esvat\u00e9 Bohorodice se z knih Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona nedozv\u00edd\u00e1me nic. V\u0161echno, co o t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti v\u00edme, n\u00e1m sd\u011bluje c\u00edrkevn\u00ed tradice a ikony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pov\u011bst o Zesnut\u00ed Bohorodice Pseudo-Jana Teologa a dal\u0161\u00ed apokryfy, spisy Jana z Dama\u0161ku, slavnostn\u00ed k\u00e1nony \u2013 v\u0161echny tyto texty jsou z\u00e1kladem ikonografie tohoto velk\u00e9ho sv\u00e1tku, posledn\u00edho v c\u00edrkevn\u00edm roce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e se Marie od archand\u011bla Gabriela dozv\u011bd\u011bla o brzk\u00e9m setk\u00e1n\u00ed se sv\u00fdm Synem, apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 byli daleko od n\u00ed. Ale jak p\u00ed\u0161e Jan z Dama\u0161ku, \u201ety, kte\u0159\u00ed byli rozpt\u00fdleni po cel\u00e9 zemi, ze v\u0161ech kout\u016f sv\u011bta do Jeruzal\u00e9ma dopravil oblak jako s\u00ed\u0165, kter\u00e1 poh\u00e1n\u00ed a shroma\u017e\u010fuje orly.\u201c Ikonografick\u00e1 varianta Zesnut\u00ed, kde se zobrazuje z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edlet apo\u0161tol\u016f v\u00a0doprovodu and\u011bl\u016f, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Obla\u010dn\u00e9 Zesnut\u00ed. Zde jsou vedle sebe zobrazeny ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1valy v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dasech.<\/p>\n\n\n

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V\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti kompozice je zobrazena Bohorodice le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na smrteln\u00e9 posteli s rukama zk\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00fdma na prsou. Nad n\u00ed stoj\u00ed Kristus s\u00a0Mariinou du\u0161\u00ed zavinutou do pl\u00e1ten, obklopen\u00fd ov\u00e1lnou svatoz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ikonopisci \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed mandorla. Symbolizuje bo\u017esk\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Za Kristem je z\u00e1stup nebesk\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed. Po stran\u00e1ch b\u00fdvaj\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1ni sv\u011btci, kte\u0159\u00ed ve skute\u010dnosti \u017eili mnohem pozd\u011bji. Postel Bohorodice obstupuje dvan\u00e1ct apo\u0161tol\u016f. Podle tradice na poh\u0159eb dorazili i apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 ze sedmdes\u00e1ti, ale i tak by obs\u00e1hl\u00e1 kompozice nemohla pojmout v\u0161echny. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

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Tento ikonografick\u00fd typ se li\u0161\u00ed od jin\u00fdch ikon Zesnut\u00ed zobrazen\u00edm apo\u0161tol\u016f na oblac\u00edch v\u00a0horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti kompozice. Z\u00e1kladem ikonografie Obla\u010dn\u00e9ho Zesnut\u00ed je z\u0159ejm\u011b k\u00e1non sepsan\u00fd v\u00a0polovin\u011b 14. stolet\u00ed konstantinopolsk\u00fdm patriarchou Isidorem, ve kter\u00e9m se popisuje, jak se apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 ze v\u0161ech konc\u016f zem\u011b na oblac\u00edch dostavili k\u00a0zesnul\u00e9 Matce Bo\u017e\u00ed. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee ikonopisci zobrazovali oblaky r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Na n\u011bkter\u00fdch ikon\u00e1ch se oblaky podobaj\u00ed jeskyn\u00edm, na jin\u00fdch nebesk\u00fdm lod\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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P\u0159ed postel\u00ed Bohorodice vid\u00edme and\u011bla, jen\u017e ut\u00edn\u00e1 ruce \u010dlov\u011bku vytahuj\u00edc\u00edmu je k\u00a0le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed Pann\u011b Marii. Je to apokryfn\u00ed sc\u00e9na p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho kn\u011bze Aufonia, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed lo\u017ee s Bohorodi\u010dkou svrhnout. Zabr\u00e1nil tomu and\u011bl, pak mu ale na p\u0159\u00edmluvu apo\u0161tol\u016f ruce zase narostly.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

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V horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti ikony se n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017eeme setkat s motivem Bohorodi\u010dky sed\u00edc\u00ed na tr\u016fnu obklopen\u00e9m kruhovou svatoz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, jak je and\u011bly vyn\u00e1\u0161ena na nebesa. Na sam\u00e9m vrcholu ikony pak mohou b\u00fdt zn\u00e1zorn\u011bna sama nebesa, jak se otev\u00edraj\u00ed a zesnulou p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed. Jedin\u00fd z\u00a0apo\u0161tol\u016f, kter\u00fd nestihl dorazit na poh\u0159eb, byl Tom\u00e1\u0161. Pr\u00e1v\u011b jemu pak p\u0159esvat\u00e1 Bohorodice p\u0159edala sv\u016fj p\u00e1s. Tento sy\u017eet tak\u00e9 b\u00fdv\u00e1 zobrazov\u00e1n v\u00a0obla\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ikony.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Ikony typu Obla\u010dn\u00e9 Zesnut\u00ed za\u010daly vznikat dost pozd\u011b, v\u00a011.\u201312. st. v\u00a0Byzanci a na Balk\u00e1n\u011b. Prvn\u00ed rusk\u00e1 obla\u010dn\u00e1 ikona je datov\u00e1na 13. stolet\u00edm a poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0Novgorodu. Popularity v\u0161ak tento typ ikony nabyl v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 15. stolet\u00ed. V\u00a016. stolet\u00ed je dopln\u011bn ji\u017e popsan\u00fdm sy\u017eetem s\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00fdm kn\u011bzem Aufoniem, pozad\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt propracovan\u00e9 do nejmen\u0161\u00edch detail\u016f. Do 15. stolet\u00ed ikonopisci v\u00fdrazn\u011b vymezovali pozemskou a nebeskou z\u00f3nu kompozice. Postupn\u011b ale takov\u00e9 vymezen\u00ed miz\u00ed a tato dv\u011b prostranstv\u00ed spl\u00fdvaj\u00ed. Vznik\u00e1 jedin\u00fd duchovn\u00ed celek, kter\u00fd zahrnuje i pozorn\u00e9ho div\u00e1ka. Bohorodice zesin\u00e1, p\u0159ibli\u017euje se k\u00a0n\u00ed Kristus, apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 p\u0159il\u00e9taj\u00ed na oblac\u00edch a ji\u017e stoj\u00ed u jej\u00edho lo\u017ee, Aufonios vztahuje ruce k\u00a0Bohorodici, ale jej\u00ed du\u0161e u\u017e je v\u00a0rukou Bo\u017e\u00edho Syna a vzn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se na nebesa. Skute\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1m ikona zjevuje nad\u010dasov\u00e9 a nadprostorov\u00e9 prostranstv\u00ed Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebesk\u00e9ho.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redakce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O Zesnut\u00ed p\u0159esvat\u00e9 Bohorodice se z knih Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona nedozv\u00edd\u00e1me nic. V\u0161echno, co o t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti v\u00edme, n\u00e1m sd\u011bluje c\u00edrkevn\u00ed tradice a ikony. Pov\u011bst o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3410,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[57],"class_list":["post-3399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ikony","tag-2021-08","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3399"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3399\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3409,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3399\/revisions\/3409"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}