{"id":3236,"date":"2025-04-23T13:40:53","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T12:40:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=3236"},"modified":"2025-08-23T13:41:13","modified_gmt":"2025-08-23T12:41:13","slug":"kde-se-ocitaly-duse-zemrelych-spravedlivych-nez-kristus-vstal-z-mrtvych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/kde-se-ocitaly-duse-zemrelych-spravedlivych-nez-kristus-vstal-z-mrtvych\/","title":{"rendered":"Kde se ocitaly du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00fdch spravedliv\u00fdch, ne\u017e Kristus vstal z\u00a0mrtv\u00fdch?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kam se \u0159\u00edtil ohniv\u00fd v\u016fz?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kde skon\u010dily du\u0161e t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159eli p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem a zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00edm Krista \u2013 v pekle, nebo v r\u00e1ji? Na tuto ot\u00e1zku je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 odpov\u011bd\u011bt jednozna\u010dn\u011b. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed jasn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee r\u00e1j spravedliv\u00fdm zp\u0159\u00edstupnil Spasitel pot\u00e9, co byl uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n a zni\u010dil \u0159\u00ed\u0161i smrti. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161ichni, kdo zem\u0159eli d\u0159\u00edve, nevyhnuteln\u011b skon\u010dili v pekle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato my\u0161lenka nen\u00ed v rozporu s c\u00edrkevn\u00ed tradic\u00ed. Ale na druhou stranu v r\u00e1mci t\u00e9\u017ee tradice m\u00e1me \u0159adu sv\u011bdectv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 lze ch\u00e1pat zcela opa\u010dn\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad prorok Eli\u00e1\u0161 vstoupil na nebe v ohniv\u00e9m voze (2. Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 2:11). Tento fakt biblick\u00fdch d\u011bjin se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt v rozporu s u\u010den\u00edm o sestupu do pekla v\u0161ech staroz\u00e1konn\u00edch spravedliv\u00fdch. Bylo by ale absurdn\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd v\u016fz ho\u0159el \u201epekeln\u00fdm ohn\u011bm\u201c a slovo \u201enebe\u201c by m\u011blo b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za metaforu, kter\u00e1 ve skute\u010dnosti znamen\u00e1 podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Existuje tak\u00e9 podobenstv\u00ed o boh\u00e1\u010di a Lazarovi, kde se hovo\u0159\u00ed o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 propasti odd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed Abrahama a dal\u0161\u00ed spravedliv\u00e9 od h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toto podobenstv\u00ed Kristus vypr\u00e1v\u011bl farize\u016fm je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed sv\u00fdm uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm a sestoupen\u00edm do pekla, kdy proroci a patriarchov\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b nebyli vysvobozeni ze zajet\u00ed. Kde tedy skon\u010dil Lazar \u2013 v r\u00e1ji, nebo v pekle?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 m\u00edsto<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V evangeliu se ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee se Lazar po smrti ocitl v r\u00e1ji. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee byl odnesen do Abrahamova n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed. Podrobn\u011b o v\u00fdkladu tohoto \u00faryvku jsme psali v Hlasu pravoslav\u00ed 11\/2024. Svat\u00ed otcov\u00e9 obecn\u011b popisuj\u00ed n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed Abrahamovo jako m\u00edsto odpo\u010dinku \u201epln\u00e9 pot\u011b\u0161iteln\u00e9 nad\u011bje na budouc\u00ed bla\u017eenstv\u00ed\u201c. To n\u00e1m ale \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 velmi m\u00e1lo. Boh\u00e1\u010d se ocitl v pekle, ale Lazar si zaslou\u017eil p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed v jak\u00e9msi p\u0159\u00edbytku, kter\u00fd ov\u0161em nen\u00ed r\u00e1j. A posmrtn\u00fd osud Lazara, stejn\u011b jako Abrahama, spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v \u201epot\u011b\u0161iteln\u00e9 nad\u011bji\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kde se to m\u00edsto nach\u00e1zelo? Byla to n\u011bjak\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st pekla speci\u00e1ln\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 pro vyvolen\u00e9? Nebo jde o n\u011bjak\u00e9 odli\u0161n\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed ani r\u00e1jem, ani peklem, a o n\u011bm\u017e c\u00edrkevn\u00ed tradice nic nev\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem v pochopen\u00ed t\u00e9to slo\u017eit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky je nedostatek jasn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o tom, co je r\u00e1j a co je peklo. I v patristick\u00e9 tradici lze nal\u00e9zt velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9 definice t\u011bchto realit posmrtn\u00e9 existence \u010dlov\u011bka. A pokud uva\u017eujeme o pekle a r\u00e1ji jen v prostorov\u00fdch kategori\u00edch \u2013 jako o \u00fazem\u00edch, kter\u00e1 v z\u00e1sad\u011b nesoused\u00ed, pak se v\u0161echny zde ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozpory st\u00e1vaj\u00ed nevyhnuteln\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuje v\u0161ak jin\u00e9 pojet\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje tyto rozpory \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dv\u011b p\u016fsoben\u00ed l\u00e1sky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svat\u00fd Iz\u00e1k Syrsk\u00fd p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee r\u00e1j je l\u00e1ska Bo\u017e\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e je hojnost ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho bla\u017eenstv\u00ed. Ale kdy\u017e sv\u011btec p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed o pekle, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prakticky tot\u00e9\u017e: peklo je p\u016fsoben\u00edm bo\u017esk\u00e9 l\u00e1sky: \u201e\u0158\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee ti, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou mu\u010deni v gehenn\u011b, jsou pora\u017eeni bi\u010dem l\u00e1sky. A jak ho\u0159k\u00e1 a krut\u00e1 je tato muka l\u00e1sky! Nebo\u0165 ti, kte\u0159\u00ed si uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee zh\u0159e\u0161ili proti l\u00e1sce, za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed muka v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jak\u00e1koli stra\u0161liv\u00e1 muka na sv\u011bt\u011b. Smutek, kter\u00fd por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed srdce za h\u0159\u00edch proti l\u00e1sce, je bolestiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jak\u00fdkoli trest.\u201c Podle sv. Iz\u00e1ka r\u00e1j i peklo jsou r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e9 a t\u00e9\u017ee reality \u2013 Bo\u017e\u00ed l\u00e1sky. A nen\u00ed to jen jeho n\u00e1zor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 Palama tak\u00e9 trval na takov\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed l\u00e1sky. V\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 poznaj\u00ed podle sv\u00e9ho vnit\u0159n\u00edho rozpolo\u017een\u00ed bu\u010f osv\u011bcuj\u00edc\u00ed, nebo trestaj\u00edc\u00ed vlastnost milosti. Odkazuje p\u0159itom na slova Jana K\u0159titele: On v\u00e1s bude k\u0159t\u00edt Duchem Svat\u00fdm a ohn\u011bm<\/em> (Matou\u0161 3:11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed svat\u00ed otcov\u00e9 jasn\u011b vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed my\u0161lenku, \u017ee r\u00e1j a peklo existuj\u00ed pouze z pohledu \u010dlov\u011bka, nikoli v\u0161ak z pohledu Boha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1j i peklo samoz\u0159ejm\u011b existuj\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u011b jako dva r\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby byt\u00ed lid\u00ed i and\u011bl\u016f. Nebyl to v\u0161ak B\u016fh, kdo vytvo\u0159il tento rozd\u00edl, ale sami lid\u00e9 a and\u011bl\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby vn\u00edmaj\u00ed l\u00e1sku Bo\u017e\u00ed, kterou B\u016fh \u0161t\u011bd\u0159e vyl\u00e9val na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho bez v\u00fdjimky v ka\u017ed\u00e9m okam\u017eiku na\u0161\u00ed existence, pozemsk\u00e9 nebo posmrtn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I kdybychom peklo pova\u017eovali za ur\u010dit\u00fd prostor, kter\u00fd P\u00e1n ve sv\u00e9m milosrdenstv\u00ed vy\u010dlenil ve vesm\u00edru t\u011bm rozumn\u00fdm bytostem, kter\u00e9 necht\u011bly komunikovat se sv\u00fdm Stvo\u0159itelem, stejn\u011b budeme muset uznat p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho Boha v tomto prostoru. \u017dalmista David \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: Kdybych do nebe vystoupil, tam jsi ty, kdybych si ustlal v podsv\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 i tam jsi!<\/em> (\u017dalm 139:8) A po Kristov\u011b sestoupen\u00ed do pekla by bylo naprosto absurdn\u00ed mluvit o pekle jako o m\u00edst\u011b bez Boha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem Spasitele posmrtn\u00fd osud lid\u00ed mohl b\u00fdt \u00fat\u011b\u0161n\u00fd, alespo\u0148 do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, kter\u00e1 byla tehdy dostupn\u00e1 padl\u00e9, nevyl\u00e9\u010den\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159irozenosti. Abrahamovo n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed nebylo m\u00edstem bla\u017eenosti v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m smyslu. Evangelium jasn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Lazar nez\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 bla\u017eenstv\u00ed, ale pouze ut\u011b\u0161en\u00ed. O tom, \u017ee smrt mohla b\u00fdt pro \u010dlov\u011bka ut\u011b\u0161en\u00edm je\u0161t\u011b, ne\u017e P\u00e1n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 vykonal sv\u00e9 sp\u00e1sn\u00e9 d\u00edlo, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed i svat\u00ed otcov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad svat\u00fd Cyril Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00fd p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eZ\u00e1konod\u00e1rce smrt\u00ed zastavuje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed h\u0159\u00edchu a v samotn\u00e9m trestu projevuje l\u00e1sku k lidstvu.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Smrt ni\u010d\u00ed na\u0161i v\u00e1\u0161nivou p\u0159irozenost a t\u00edm na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b zastavuje p\u016fsoben\u00ed zla, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b ukon\u010duje nemoci, nutnost pr\u00e1ce, \u00fatrapy a starosti, ukon\u010duje lidsk\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed. Tak B\u016fh l\u00e1skou k lidem rozpou\u0161t\u00ed samotn\u00fd trest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lazar ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b hodn\u011b vytrp\u011bl, ale smrt jeho utrpen\u00ed ukon\u010dila, proto se pro n\u011bj stala \u00fat\u011bchou. V odli\u0161nosti osud\u016f Lazara a boh\u00e1\u010de bychom v\u0161ak nem\u011bli vid\u011bt pouze princip symetrie: pokud n\u011bkdo trp\u011bl v pozemsk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, po smrti si bude u\u017e\u00edvat a naopak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pekeln\u00e1 muka<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I \u017eebr\u00e1k mohl skon\u010dit po smrti v pekle, a bohat\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku se naopak mohlo dostat ut\u011b\u0161en\u00ed. T\u0159eba praotec Abraham ve sv\u00e9m pozemsk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b nebyl zdaleka chud\u00fd. D\u016fvodem tak rozd\u00edln\u00fdch osud\u016f nen\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed majetku nebo soci\u00e1ln\u00ed postaven\u00ed. Kristus v podobenstv\u00ed o boh\u00e1\u010di a Lazarovi pr\u00e1v\u011b uk\u00e1zal farize\u016fm situaci, kter\u00e1 zcela odporovala v\u0161em jejich p\u0159edstav\u00e1m o vztahu bohatstv\u00ed a zbo\u017enosti. \u017did\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee z\u00e1mo\u017enost je p\u0159\u00edznakem spravedliv\u00e9ho \u017eivota. V\u017edy\u0165 Hospodin \u017eehn\u00e1 t\u011bm, kdo pln\u00ed jeho v\u016fli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b Kristus rozbije toto p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o \u017eebr\u00e1kovi, kter\u00fd nalezl ut\u011b\u0161en\u00ed v n\u00e1ru\u010di Abrahamov\u011b, a o bohat\u00e9m mu\u017ei trp\u00edc\u00edm v pekle. Jak\u00e9 je tedy krit\u00e9rium, podle n\u011bho\u017e zesnul\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed bu\u010f ut\u011b\u0161en\u00ed nebo utrpen\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010das p\u0159ipomenout si my\u0161lenky svat\u00fdch otc\u016f o r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u016fsoben\u00edch Bo\u017e\u00ed l\u00e1sky v z\u00e1vislosti na duchovn\u00edm rozpolo\u017een\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nen\u00ed v\u016fbec t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uhodnout, jak\u00e9 bylo rozpolo\u017een\u00ed Lazarovo. Pro\u017eil cel\u00fd \u017eivot v chudob\u011b, nemoci a nouzi, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 si nest\u011b\u017eoval na Boha a lidi, nikoho neodsuzoval, a dokonce i toho boh\u00e1\u010de, kter\u00fd denn\u011b lhostejn\u011b zhl\u00ed\u017eel na jeho b\u00eddu. Lazar si p\u0159\u00e1l jen n\u011bco m\u00e1lo k nasycen\u00ed. Jazykem pravoslavn\u00e9 askeze bychom \u0159ekli, \u017ee Lazar dok\u00e1zal vyu\u017e\u00edt sv\u00e9 zoufal\u00e9 situace k boji s v\u00e1\u0161n\u011bmi. A po smrti se stal svobodn\u00fdm od vlivu t\u011bchto v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale co se svou du\u0161\u00ed ud\u011blal boh\u00e1\u010d? Ka\u017ed\u00fd den dosyta jedl, obklopil se drah\u00fdmi v\u011bcmi a nedok\u00e1zal si p\u0159edstavit sv\u016fj \u017eivot bez uspokojen\u00ed sv\u00fdch \u010detn\u00fdch rozmar\u016f. A pak v jedin\u00e9m okam\u017eiku ztratil v\u0161e, co mu poskytovalo toto uspokojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V posmrtn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b nen\u00ed nic, co by ho mohlo u\u010dinit \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdm. Tr\u00e1p\u00ed ho nenapln\u011bn\u00e9 touhy a v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161echny c\u00edle, kter\u00e9 si v pozemsk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b stanovil, se uk\u00e1zaly jako fale\u0161n\u00e9 a ve\u0161ker\u00e9 jeho \u00fasp\u011bchy a bohatstv\u00ed byly v t\u00e9to pro n\u011bj nov\u00e9 a hrozn\u00e9 situaci naprosto k ni\u010demu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e Sinajsk\u00e9ho ohe\u0148 neuhasiteln\u00fd, tma a \u010derv neum\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed, z nich\u017e se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 peklo, jsou rozmanit\u00e1 smyslnost, v\u0161epohlcuj\u00edc\u00ed tma nev\u011bdomosti, neukojiteln\u00e1 touha po po\u017eitc\u00edch, rozechv\u011bn\u00ed a smrad h\u0159\u00edchu. Ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fd boh\u00e1\u010d v\u0161echny tyto pekeln\u00e9 stavy du\u0161e po cel\u00fd \u017eivot piln\u011b rozv\u00edjel a po smrti se pro n\u011bj staly tr\u00fdzniv\u00fdm plamenem v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk zbaven\u00fd t\u011bla nem\u00e1 \u0161anci uspokojit. Takovou existenci lze popsat jedin\u011b pojmem pekeln\u00e1 muka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale krom\u011b smysln\u00fdch v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed tento ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00edk v sob\u011b vyvinul je\u0161t\u011b jednu stra\u0161nou duchovn\u00ed nemoc \u2013 z\u00e1vist. Svat\u00fd Jan Zlato\u00fast\u00fd ji popisoval takto: \u201eZ\u00e1vist je pova\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed za vlastn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a blaho druh\u00fdch za vlastn\u00ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Ani tak chud\u00e9ho netr\u00e1p\u00ed jeho chudoba, jako z\u00e1vistivci vad\u00ed blahobyt bli\u017en\u00edho. Co m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt odporn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e toto?\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jen ho vzdal bla\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boh\u00e1\u010d pros\u00ed Abrahama: \u201eSmiluj se nade mnou a po\u0161li Lazara, a\u0165 omo\u010d\u00ed aspo\u0148 \u0161pi\u010dku prstu ve vod\u011b a svla\u017e\u00ed m\u00e9 rty, nebo\u0165 se tr\u00e1p\u00edm v tomto plameni.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale je zcela z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee mu to nep\u0159inese \u00falevu; kapka vody na Lazarov\u011b prstu neuhas\u00ed jeho \u017e\u00edze\u0148 po t\u011blesn\u00fdch po\u017eitc\u00edch, o kter\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161el po smrti. Jak\u00fd je opravdov\u00fd d\u016fvod tak podivn\u00e9ho po\u017eadavku? N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed biblist\u00e9 to vysv\u011btluj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee boh\u00e1\u010d cht\u011bl, aby se Lazar aspo\u0148 na chv\u00edli vzd\u00e1lil toho bla\u017eenstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 za\u017e\u00edval v n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed Abrahamov\u011b, aby se ocitl v pekle po boku boh\u00e1\u010de. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tohle by mu poskytlo do\u010dasnou \u00falevu. Nepros\u00ed, aby jeho samotn\u00e9ho Abraham vzal k sob\u011b, ale aby Lazar sestoupil do gehenny. A pot\u00e9, co mu Abraham vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee mezi nimi je \u201evelik\u00e1 propast, tak\u017ee nikdo \u2013 i kdyby cht\u011bl, nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ej\u00edt odtud k v\u00e1m ani p\u0159ekro\u010dit od v\u00e1s k n\u00e1m\u201c, za\u010dal boh\u00e1\u010d prosit, aby Lazara poslal k jeho brat\u0159\u00edm. Cht\u011bl toti\u017e, aby se \u017eebr\u00e1k vr\u00e1til do pozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota pln\u00e9ho utrpen\u00ed, jen aby nez\u016fstal ut\u011b\u0161en\u00fd s praotcem. Z\u00e1vist mu\u010dila boh\u00e1\u010de v\u00edc ne\u017e pekeln\u00fd ohe\u0148, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno z\u00e1vist i byla t\u00edm pekeln\u00fdm ohn\u011bm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1vistivec paradoxn\u011b nehled\u00e1 dobro pro sebe, neusiluje o stav bla\u017eenosti. Z\u00e1vist nev\u00ed, co je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9. Hled\u00e1 zlo pro druh\u00e9ho, aby vid\u011bla sv\u00e9ho bli\u017en\u00edho v muk\u00e1ch. Bohat\u00fd mu\u017e rad\u011bji spat\u0159\u00ed Lazara v pekle ne\u017e sebe samotn\u00e9ho v m\u00edst\u011b \u00fat\u011bchy. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed bli\u017en\u00edho je nesnesiteln\u00e9 pro toho, jeho\u017e srdce je napln\u011bno z\u00e1vist\u00ed. Teologov\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm tr\u00e1pen\u00edm pro ty, kdo se ocitnou v pekle, bude uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si, \u017ee v\u0161echno nav\u017edy ztratili vlastn\u00ed vinou, zat\u00edmco svat\u00ed si budou v\u011b\u010dn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvat bla\u017eenosti. Proto bude v pekle pl\u00e1\u010d a sk\u0159\u00edp\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010clov\u011bk, jeho\u017e du\u0161e je v tak stra\u0161n\u00e9m stavu, vn\u00edm\u00e1 Bo\u017e\u00ed l\u00e1sku jako neuhasiteln\u00fd ohe\u0148 spaluj\u00edc\u00ed jeho sv\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nebe a peklo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bylo tedy Abrahamovo n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed r\u00e1je? V k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1j, Bo\u017e\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, je plnost\u00ed jednoty mezi stvo\u0159en\u00edm a Stvo\u0159itelem, ke kter\u00e9 jsou v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 povol\u00e1ni. A plnou v\u00fd\u0161i tohoto povol\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159il svat\u00fd Athanasios Velik\u00fd: \u201eB\u016fh se stal \u010dlov\u011bkem, aby se \u010dlov\u011bk mohl st\u00e1t Bohem.\u201c Ale nemocn\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 p\u0159irozenost, ne\u017e ji Kristus napravil, nebyla v z\u00e1sad\u011b schopna takov\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed se sv\u00fdm Stvo\u0159itelem. Proto \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd posmrtn\u00fd stav nelze v p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 dob\u011b pova\u017eovat za pln\u011b rajsk\u00fd. Abraham, Eli\u00e1\u0161, Lazar a dal\u0161\u00ed spravedliv\u00ed Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona ve sv\u00e9 posmrtn\u00e9 existenci doufali v p\u0159\u00edchod Spasitele, po kter\u00e9m se kone\u010dn\u011b budou moci sjednotit s Hospodinem do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, kterou evangelium naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm nebesk\u00fdm. Ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 by Abrahamovo n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed nem\u011blo b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za \u201epobo\u010dku pekla\u201c. Line\u00e1rn\u00ed logika zde nen\u00ed v\u016fbec pou\u017eiteln\u00e1, jeliko\u017e v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nemluv\u00edme o prostoru, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e o stavu du\u0161e zesnul\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto na ot\u00e1zku, zda Abrahamovo n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pekla, nebo r\u00e1je, lze odpov\u011bd\u011bt paradoxn\u011b: \u010d\u00e1st nebe se v\u017edy nach\u00e1z\u00ed v pekle. O pekeln\u00fdch \u017eal\u00e1\u0159\u00edch velice p\u0159esn\u011b psal svat\u00fd Jan Zlato\u00fast\u00fd: \u201eByly skute\u010dn\u011b temn\u00e9, dokud tam nesestoupilo Slunce spravedlnosti, neosv\u00edtilo je a neu\u010dinilo z pekla nebe. Nebo\u0165 kde je Kristus, tam je nebe.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kam se \u0159\u00edtil ohniv\u00fd v\u016fz? Kde skon\u010dily du\u0161e t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159eli p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem a zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00edm Krista \u2013 v pekle, nebo v r\u00e1ji? Na tuto ot\u00e1zku je…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3237,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,23],"tags":[100],"class_list":["post-3236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biblistika","category-verouka","tag-2025-04","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3236"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3236\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3238,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3236\/revisions\/3238"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}