{"id":3143,"date":"2024-11-25T11:43:03","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T10:43:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=3143"},"modified":"2025-02-09T11:43:19","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T10:43:19","slug":"naruci-abrahamovo-vyklad-biblickych-versu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2024\/11\/25\/naruci-abrahamovo-vyklad-biblickych-versu\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed Abrahamovo. V\u00fdklad biblick\u00fdch ver\u0161\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Podobenstv\u00ed o boh\u00e1\u010di a Lazarovi odhaluje t\u00e9ma posmrtn\u00e9 odm\u011bny. Um\u0159eli dva lid\u00e9 \u2013 boh\u00e1\u010d, jen\u017e se obl\u00e9kal do purpuru a ka\u017ed\u00e9ho dne skv\u011ble hodoval, a \u017eebr\u00e1k, kter\u00fd le\u017eel u jeho vrat a tou\u017eil se naj\u00edst aspo\u0148 t\u00edm, co spadlo ze stolu toho boh\u00e1\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eJednoho dne ten \u017eebr\u00e1k zem\u0159el a and\u011bl\u00e9 ho odnesli do Abrahamova n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed. Zem\u0159el i onen boh\u00e1\u010d a byl poh\u0159ben\u201c (Luk\u00e1\u0161 16:22). Mnoz\u00ed vyklada\u010di P\u00edsma zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee o poh\u0159bu \u017eebr\u00e1ka nen\u00ed ani zm\u00ednka, z\u0159ejm\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nebyl, mrtvolu pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyhodili za m\u011bstsk\u00e9 br\u00e1ny, kde byla se\u017er\u00e1na toulav\u00fdmi psy nebo divokou zv\u011b\u0159\u00ed. Poh\u0159eb boh\u00e1\u010de m\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u0159epychov\u00fd. Jejich posmrtn\u00fd osud ov\u0161em byl opa\u010dn\u00fd. Boh\u00e1\u010d se okam\u017eit\u011b dostal do pekla, a kdy\u017e v muk\u00e1ch pozvedl o\u010di, spat\u0159il \u017eebr\u00e1ka Lazara v n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed Abrahamov\u011b. Bible Kralick\u00e1 p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 tento pojem jako l\u016fno Abrahamovo. Co je to za tajemn\u00e9 m\u00edsto nebo sp\u00ed\u0161 stav? Co o n\u011bm psali k\u0159es\u0165an\u0161t\u00ed auto\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch dob?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00edk sv. Jana Zlato\u00fast\u00e9ho Asterios z Amaseje zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee jde o alegorii. Ale pro\u010d je m\u00edsto \u00fat\u011bchy pojmenov\u00e1no podle Abrahama? V\u017edy\u0165 i p\u0159ed n\u00edm byli spravedliv\u00ed jako t\u0159eba Noe nebo Henoch? K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd spisovatel p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee Abraham byl slu\u017eebn\u00edk Krist\u016fv a obdr\u017eel zjeven\u00ed o Kristov\u011b vt\u011blen\u00ed a tajemstv\u00ed Trojice a podle mnoha p\u0159edobraz\u016f se stal sv\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bkem u Boha. Proto je jeho n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed jak\u00fdmsi tich\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstavem a m\u00edstem neru\u0161en\u00e9ho odpo\u010dinku pro spravedliv\u00e9, nebo\u0165 v Kristu je na\u0161e sp\u00e1sa a nad\u011bje budouc\u00edho v\u011bku, v Kristu, jen\u017e podle sv\u00e9ho lidstv\u00ed byl potomkem Abrahama. (V\u00fdklad podobenstv\u00ed z Luk\u00e1\u0161ova evangelia O boh\u00e1\u010di a Lazarovi<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sv. \u0158eho\u0159 Dvojeslov naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Abrahamovo n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed tajn\u00fdm m\u00edstem upokojen\u00ed otc\u016f. \u201eO n\u011bm Pravda \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: Mnoz\u00ed p\u0159ijdou od v\u00fdchodu i od z\u00e1padu a budou stolovat s Abrahamem, Iz\u00e1kem a J\u00e1kobem v nebesk\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/em> (Matou\u0161 8:11)\u201c. (Beseda 40<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sv. \u0158eho\u0159 z\u00a0Nyssy vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 Abrahamovo l\u016fno takto: \u201eNezm\u00fdl\u00ed se ten, kdo si p\u0159i sly\u0161en\u00ed slova \u201el\u016fno\u201c p\u0159edstav\u00ed, \u017ee toto je plnost dobra podobn\u00e1 jak\u00e9musi obrovsk\u00e9mu mo\u0159i, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e i p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1 Lazar; proto\u017ee mezi t\u011bmi, kdo vynikli takov\u00fdmi \u010diny, nikdo nem\u00e1 nic vlastn\u00edho, ale ve\u0161ker\u00e9 dobro se st\u00e1v\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00fdm pro v\u0161echny, kte\u0159\u00ed ho dos\u00e1hli stejnou ctnost\u00ed.\u201c (O z\u00e1hlav\u00edch \u017ealm\u016f<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n

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Svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 Palama upozor\u0148uje na dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmavou v\u011bc: \u201ePot\u00e9 co P\u00e1n uk\u00e1zal boh\u00e1\u010de, jen\u017e nebyl spasen, ihned n\u00e1m ukazuje boh\u00e1\u010de spasen\u00e9ho, a to Abrahama. Nenaz\u00fdv\u00e1 ho v\u0161ak bohat\u00fdm, proto\u017ee m\u011bl n\u011bco lep\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e bohatstv\u00ed \u2013 ctnost, ke v\u0161em projevoval otcovskou l\u00e1sku a p\u0159\u00edze\u0148. Proto je pojmenov\u00e1n podle toho nejlep\u0161\u00edho, co m\u011bl, tedy podle sv\u00e9 ctnosti. Jm\u00e9no Abraham toti\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201eotec mno\u017estv\u00ed<\/em>\u201c. Sv. \u0158eho\u0159 ale zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d boh\u00e1\u010d nedos\u00e1hl sp\u00e1sy, nebylo jeho bohatstv\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e l\u00e1ska k rozko\u0161i a bezcitnost. \u201eV\u017edy\u0165 i Abraham byl bohat\u00fd; ale skrze l\u00e1sku k Bohu, milosrdenstv\u00ed a pohostinnost nejen s\u00e1m dos\u00e1hl sp\u00e1sy, ale stal se tak\u00e9 m\u00edstem spasen\u00fdch. Proto Lazara, pot\u00e9 co zem\u0159el, doprovodili and\u011bl\u00e9 do l\u016fna Abrahamova. A l\u016fno Abrahamovo je zem\u011b \u017eiv\u00fdch, p\u0159\u00edbytek t\u011bch, kdo se v\u011b\u010dn\u011b raduj\u00ed, hojnost v\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch blahoslavenstv\u00ed.\u201c (Homilie na 22. ned\u011bln\u00ed evangelium<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svat\u00fd Efr\u00e9m Syrsk\u00fd ve v\u00fdkladu podobenstv\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eSmrt boh\u00e1\u010de a Lazara byla stejn\u00e1, ale odm\u011bna po smrti byla odli\u0161n\u00e1. Ten, ke kter\u00e9mu se kdysi necht\u011bli p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit ani sluhov\u00e9, byl oslavov\u00e1n and\u011bly. Proto\u017ee mu boh\u00e1\u010d nedal m\u00edsto ve sv\u00e9m dom\u011b, stalo se n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed Abrahamovo m\u00edstem jeho odpo\u010dinku… Tak\u017ee \u017eiv\u00ed nejsou ti, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed, a mrtv\u00ed nejsou ti, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou poh\u0159beni.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svat\u00fd Jan Zlato\u00fast\u00fd v\u00fdkladem tohoto podobenstv\u00ed vyvrac\u00ed pov\u011bry sv\u00fdch sou\u010dasn\u00edk\u016f: \u201eZde chci z va\u0161\u00ed du\u0161e vyvrhnout zlou nemoc. Mnoz\u00ed prost\u00ed lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee du\u0161e t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159eli n\u00e1silnou smrt\u00ed, se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u00e9mony. Ne, ne! D\u00e9mony se nest\u00e1vaj\u00ed du\u0161e t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159eli n\u00e1silnou smrt\u00ed, ale du\u0161e t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00fd \u017eivot, ne proto, \u017ee by se zm\u011bnila jejich podstata, ale proto\u017ee jejich v\u016fle napodobuje zlost d\u00e9mon\u016f. Kristus na to pouk\u00e1zal \u017eid\u016fm: \u201eV\u00e1\u0161 otec je \u010f\u00e1bel\u201c (Jan 8:44). Nazval je syny \u010f\u00e1blov\u00fdmi ne proto, \u017ee se prom\u011bnili v jeho podstatu, ale proto, \u017ee konali jeho skutky\u2026 Pro\u010d ale \u010f\u00e1bel v\u0161t\u00edpil tak \u0161patnou pov\u011bru? Cht\u011bl podkopat sl\u00e1vu mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f. Pon\u011bvad\u017e um\u00edraj\u00ed n\u00e1silnou smrt\u00ed, \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed o nich \u0161patn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, pou\u017eil t\u00e9to pov\u011bry, ale neusp\u011bl, nebo\u0165 svat\u00ed nad\u00e1le z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed svou sl\u00e1vou.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e1le sv. Jan porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 toto podobenstv\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edm \u2013 o bohat\u00e9m bl\u00e1znu. Tomu B\u016fh \u0159ekl: \u201eBl\u00e1zne! Je\u0161t\u011b t\u00e9to noci si vy\u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed tvou du\u0161i, a \u010d\u00ed bude to, co jsi nashrom\u00e1\u017edil?\u201c (Luk\u00e1\u0161 12:20). Jeho du\u0161i si vy\u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed, zat\u00edmco du\u0161i Lazarovou and\u011bl\u00e9 odnesou do n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed Abrahamova. I zde je patrn\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edm h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edkem a spravedliv\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O boh\u00e1\u010di, jeho\u017e poh\u0159bili, sv. Jan p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eJeho du\u0161e byla poh\u0159bena v t\u011ble jako v hrob\u011b a nosila t\u011blo jako rakev. Byl sv\u00e1z\u00e1n jakoby n\u011bjak\u00fdmi okovy opilstv\u00edm a ob\u017eerstv\u00edm, a proto u\u010dinil svou du\u0161i ne\u010dinnou a mrtvou.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V jin\u00e9m v\u00fdkladu sv. Jan Zlato\u00fast\u00fd cituje \u017ealm: \u201eProto se ti \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, chud\u00e1ku, \u201ejen se neboj, bohatne-li n\u011bkdo a mno\u017e\u00ed-li sl\u00e1vu sv\u00e9ho domu; zem\u0159e, nic nevezme s sebou, jeho sl\u00e1va za n\u00edm nesestoup\u00ed\u201c (\u017dalm 49:17\u201318). (O Lazarovi a boh\u00e1\u010di, <\/em>z r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u011bl)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdkladov\u00e1 Bible Lopuchina vysv\u011btluje pojem \u201el\u016fno Abrahamovo\u201c n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem: \u201eTakto \u017did\u00e9 ozna\u010dovali rajskou bla\u017eenost spravedliv\u00fdch. Spravedliv\u00ed po smrti p\u0159eb\u00fdvaj\u00ed ve spole\u010denstv\u00ed s patriarchou Abrahamem, pokl\u00e1daj\u00edce hlavy na jeho hru\u010f. Abrahamovo l\u016fno v\u0161ak nen\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e co r\u00e1j \u2013 je to tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc vyvolen\u00e9 a lep\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto, kde chud\u00fd Lazar na\u0161el tich\u00e9 \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b v n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e9ho p\u0159edka. Tento obraz v\u0161ak nen\u00ed p\u0159evzat z ve\u010de\u0159e nebo hostiny, o \u010dem\u017e se nap\u0159\u00edklad zmi\u0148uje Matou\u0161 v 8:11 a Luk\u00e1\u0161 v 13:29-30, ale ze zvyku rodi\u010d\u016f zah\u0159\u00edvat v n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e9 d\u011bti: \u201ejednorozen\u00fd Syn, kter\u00fd je v n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed Otcov\u011b\u201c (Jan 1:18). Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee r\u00e1j zde nen\u00ed br\u00e1n ve smyslu kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed sl\u00e1vy (jako ve 2. Korintsk\u00fdm 12:2: \u201eV\u00edm o \u010dlov\u011bku v Kristu, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ed \u010dtrn\u00e1cti lety p\u0159enesen a\u017e do t\u0159et\u00edho nebe\u201c), ale pouze jako ozna\u010den\u00ed bezstarostn\u00e9ho stavu spravedliv\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed ode\u0161li z pozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Tento stav je do\u010dasn\u00fd, ve kter\u00e9m spravedliv\u00ed z\u016fstanou a\u017e do druh\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edchodu Krista.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theofilakt Bulharsk\u00fd p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1 boh\u00e1\u010de a Lazara k \u017did\u016fm a pohan\u016fm: \u201e\u017didovsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod zem\u0159el pro Boha, dokonce kosti jeho ztuhly, proto\u017ee neud\u011blal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pohyb k dobru. A Lazar, jen\u017e je pohansk\u00fdm n\u00e1rodem, zem\u0159el pro h\u0159\u00edch. \u017did\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159eli ve sv\u00fdch h\u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00edch, jsou spalov\u00e1ni plamenem z\u00e1visti, \u017e\u00e1rl\u00ed, jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 apo\u0161tol, \u017ee pohan\u00e9 byli p\u0159ijati do prav\u00e9 v\u00edry (\u0158\u00edman\u016fm 11:11). Pohan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve byli chud\u00ed a neslavn\u00ed, pr\u00e1vem \u017eij\u00ed v l\u016fn\u011b Abrahama, otce pohan\u016f. Abraham byv pohan uv\u011b\u0159il v Boha a p\u0159e\u0161el od slu\u017eby modl\u00e1m k pozn\u00e1n\u00ed Boha. Proto ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed na jeho obr\u00e1cen\u00ed a v\u00ed\u0159e, pr\u00e1vem spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v jeho n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed a zd\u011bdili jeho osud, p\u0159\u00edbytek a blahoslavenstv\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redakce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Podobenstv\u00ed o boh\u00e1\u010di a Lazarovi odhaluje t\u00e9ma posmrtn\u00e9 odm\u011bny. Um\u0159eli dva lid\u00e9 \u2013 boh\u00e1\u010d, jen\u017e se obl\u00e9kal do purpuru a ka\u017ed\u00e9ho dne skv\u011ble hodoval, a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3146,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[96],"class_list":["post-3143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biblistika","tag-2024-11","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3143"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3147,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3143\/revisions\/3147"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}