{"id":3032,"date":"2024-09-17T09:34:32","date_gmt":"2024-09-17T08:34:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=3032"},"modified":"2024-09-27T11:34:48","modified_gmt":"2024-09-27T10:34:48","slug":"podobenstvi-o-detskem-skadleni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2024\/09\/17\/podobenstvi-o-detskem-skadleni\/","title":{"rendered":"Podobenstv\u00ed o d\u011btsk\u00e9m \u0161k\u00e1dlen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 podobenstv\u00ed o d\u011btech na tr\u017ei\u0161ti v Matou\u0161ov\u011b a Luk\u00e1\u0161ov\u011b evangeliu je datov\u00e1no do obdob\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova p\u016fsoben\u00ed, kdy byl Jan K\u0159titel ji\u017e uv\u011bzn\u011bn, ale je\u0161t\u011b nebyl s\u0165at. D\u016fvodem jeho vysloven\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edchod dvou u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f K\u0159titele k P\u00e1nu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i. Prorok je pos\u00edl\u00e1, aby se zeptali: Jsi ten, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edt, nebo m\u00e1me \u010dekat jin\u00e9ho?<\/em> Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 vyh\u00fdbav\u011b: Jd\u011bte, zv\u011bstujte Janovi, co sly\u0161\u00edte a vid\u00edte: Slep\u00ed vid\u00ed, chrom\u00ed chod\u00ed, malomocn\u00ed jsou o\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1ni, hlu\u0161\u00ed sly\u0161\u00ed, mrtv\u00ed vst\u00e1vaj\u00ed, chud\u00fdm se zv\u011bstuje evangelium. A blaze tomu, kdo se nade mnou neur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed<\/em> (Matou\u0161 11:2-6; Luk\u00e1\u0161 7:19-23).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po odchodu Janov\u00fdch u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f se Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 obrac\u00ed k lidu s pou\u010den\u00edm, v n\u011bm\u017e mluv\u00ed o v\u00fdznamu K\u0159titele: je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm z t\u011bch, kdo se narodili z \u017eeny; je v\u00edc ne\u017e prorok (Matou\u0161 11,7-13; Luk\u00e1\u0161 7,24-28); chcete-li to p\u0159ijmout, on je Eli\u00e1\u0161, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edt<\/em> (Matou\u0161 11:14). U Matou\u0161e p\u0159edmluvou k podobenstv\u00ed jsou slova: Kdo m\u00e1 u\u0161i, sly\u0161!<\/em> (Matou\u0161 11,15). Luk\u00e1\u0161 m\u00e1 mezi pou\u010den\u00edm a podobenstv\u00edm dodatek: A v\u0161echen lid, kter\u00fd ho sly\u0161el, i celn\u00edci dali Bohu za pravdu t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159ijali Jan\u016fv k\u0159est. Ale farizeov\u00e9 a z\u00e1kon\u00edci zavrhli \u00famysl, kter\u00fd B\u016fh s nimi m\u011bl, kdy\u017e se nedali pok\u0159t\u00edt od n\u011bj<\/em> (Luk\u00e1\u0161 7:29\u201330).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podobenstv\u00ed kon\u010d\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159em, kter\u00e9 propojuje Jana K\u0159titele s Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161em:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke komu m\u00e1m ale p\u0159irovnat toto pokolen\u00ed? Podob\u00e1 se d\u011btem, kter\u00e9 sed\u00ed na n\u00e1vsi a volaj\u00ed na druh\u00e9: \u201aHr\u00e1li jsme v\u00e1m, a netan\u010dili jste; na\u0159\u00edkali jsme, a nekv\u00edleli jste!\u2018 Jan toti\u017e p\u0159i\u0161el, nejedl a nepil a oni \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: \u201aJe posedl\u00fd!\u2018 P\u0159i\u0161el Syn \u010dlov\u011bka, j\u00ed a pije \u2013 a oni \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: \u201aPod\u00edvejte, milovn\u00edk hod\u016f a pitek, p\u0159\u00edtel celn\u00edk\u016f a h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edk\u016f!\u2018 Moudrost je ale ospravedln\u011bna sv\u00fdmi skutky<\/em> (Matou\u0161 11:16-19).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdraz \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1f70 \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7, kter\u00fd se obvykle p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako \u201etoto pokolen\u00ed\u201c, m\u00e1 v Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u00fdch \u00fastech v\u00fdrazn\u011b negativn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Pokolen\u00ed sv\u00fdch sou\u010dasn\u00edk\u016f naz\u00fdv\u00e1 pokolen\u00edm zl\u00fdm, cizolo\u017en\u00fdm a h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00fdm (Matou\u0161 12:39; Marek 8:38; Luk\u00e1\u0161 11:29).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I kdy\u017e je toto podobenstv\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, p\u0159edstavuje pro vyklada\u010de jist\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee. Jsou tady dv\u011b skupiny d\u011bt\u00ed.  Jedna je aktivn\u00ed a vyb\u00edz\u00ed druhou, aby s nimi zahr\u00e1ly jednu ze dvou her: veselou nebo smutnou. Ale druh\u00e1 skupina d\u011bt\u00ed je pasivn\u00ed, zamra\u010den\u00e1 a rozmarn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sloveso \u03b1\u1f50\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9, p\u0159elo\u017een\u00e9 jako \u201ehr\u00e1t na p\u00ed\u0161\u0165alu\u201c, je odvozeno ze slova \u03b1\u1f54\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 (aulos), co\u017e ozna\u010duje d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd dechov\u00fd hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158ecku. Podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje existovaly i ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Izraeli: hr\u00e1lo se na n\u011b jak p\u0159i tanc\u00edch, tak p\u0159i oplak\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch (Matou\u0161 9:23 zmi\u0148uje hudebn\u00edky a hlu\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1stup kv\u00edl\u00edc\u00edch). Sloveso \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9 znamen\u00e1 \u201ezp\u00edvat poh\u0159ebn\u00ed p\u00edse\u0148\u201c, \u201ena\u0159\u00edkat\u201c, \u201ehlasit\u011b kv\u00edlet\u201c, \u201eoplak\u00e1vat\u201c; odtud je slovo \u03b8\u03c1\u1fc6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u201epl\u00e1\u010d\u201c, \u201en\u00e1\u0159ek\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oba hudebn\u00ed term\u00edny symbolizuj\u00ed zvuk lidsk\u00e9ho hlasu. Dv\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1lady vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e9 hudebn\u00edmi zvuky odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed dv\u011bma r\u016fzn\u00fdm typ\u016fm k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed: Jana K\u0159titele a Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. Oba vyz\u00fdvali k pok\u00e1n\u00ed, a to stejn\u00fdmi slovy (\u010ci\u0148te pok\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo\u0165 se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eilo kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebesk\u00e9<\/em> \u2013 Matou\u0161 3:2; 4:17). Ale tyto v\u00fdzvy byly v \u00fastech ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z nich zabarveny vlastn\u00edm t\u00f3nem. \u017divotn\u00ed styl ka\u017ed\u00e9ho kazatele dodal celkov\u00e9mu t\u00f3nu jeho k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zn\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 i zd\u016fraznil ve sv\u00e9m koment\u00e1\u0159i k podobenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina badatel\u016f v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee aktivn\u00ed skupina d\u011bt\u00ed symbolizuje Jana a Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e a pasivn\u00ed skupina zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje \u017didy. Doslovn\u00fd v\u00fdznam odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zku: Ke komu m\u00e1m p\u0159irovnat toto pokolen\u00ed<\/em>? n\u00e1s nut\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee toto pokolen\u00ed se p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1 ke skupin\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 hr\u00e1ly na p\u00ed\u0161\u0165alu a zp\u00edvaly smutn\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b. Existuje v\u0161ak mnoho d\u016fvod\u016f se domn\u00edvat, \u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti se toto pokolen\u00ed p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1 k jin\u00e9 skupin\u011b \u2013 t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 nereagovaly na zvuky hudby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se zde setk\u00e1v\u00e1me se specifi\u010dnost\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovy \u0159e\u010di. V \u0159ad\u011b podobenstv\u00ed se Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebesk\u00e9 p\u0159irovn\u00e1valo k rozs\u00e9va\u010di, kter\u00fd na sv\u00e9m poli zasel dobr\u00e9 semeno, ho\u0159\u010di\u010dn\u00e9mu zrnu, kvasu, pokladu v poli, obchodn\u00edkovi hledaj\u00edc\u00edmu kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 perly (Matou\u0161 13:24, 31, 33, 44-45). Ve dvou p\u0159\u00edpadech z p\u011bti se v\u0161ak podobenstv\u00ed nevztahuje k tomu, co nazna\u010duje samotn\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d: nikoli k rozs\u00e9va\u010di, ale k zaset\u00e9mu semenu; ne k obchodn\u00edkovi hledaj\u00edc\u00edmu perly, ale perle, kterou na\u0161el.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vezmeme-li v \u00favahu v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9, m\u016f\u017eeme podle star\u00fdch vyklada\u010d\u016f tvrdit, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e a Jana K\u0159titele v podobenstv\u00ed symbolizuj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed, nikoli pasivn\u00ed d\u011bti. P\u0159itom ty, kter\u00e9 hr\u00e1ly na p\u00ed\u0161\u0165alu, symbolizuj\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e a ty, co zp\u00edvaly smutn\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b, symbolizuj\u00ed Jana K\u0159titele. Jan Zlato\u00fast\u00fd vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 toto podobenstv\u00ed takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eV\u00fdznam t\u011bchto slov je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: Jan a j\u00e1 jsme p\u0159i\u0161li opa\u010dn\u00fdmi cestami… Jan byl od \u00fatl\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed zvykl\u00fd na tvrd\u00fd \u017eivot, aby pomoc\u00ed toho jeho zv\u011bst byla d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e1. Ale pro\u010d, zept\u00e1te se, nezvolil tuto cestu s\u00e1m Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161? Naopak, kr\u00e1\u010del touto cestou, kdy\u017e se postil \u010dty\u0159icet dn\u00ed… K t\u00e9mu\u017e c\u00edli v\u0161ak \u0161el i jinou cestou… Nechal Jana vynikat p\u016fstem, ale s\u00e1m zvolil opa\u010dnou cestu: stoloval s celn\u00edky, jedl a pil s nimi… Nem\u011bli bychom vinit ty, kter\u00fdm se nev\u011b\u0159ilo. Ale ve\u0161ker\u00e1 vina pad\u00e1 na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jim necht\u011bli v\u011b\u0159it… Proto Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 \u0159ekl: Hr\u00e1li jsme v\u00e1m, a netan\u010dili jste<\/em>, to jest: Vedl jsem rozvoln\u011bn\u00fd \u017eivot, ale nepoko\u0159ili jste se mn\u011b. Na\u0159\u00edkali jsme, a nekv\u00edleli jste<\/em>, to jest: Jan vedl p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd a tvrd\u00fd \u017eivot, ale neposlouchali jste ho. Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 v\u0161ak ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Jan vedl jeden zp\u016fsob \u017eivota a j\u00e1 jsem vedl jin\u00fd. Ale proto\u017ee oba m\u011bli stejn\u00fd c\u00edl, i kdy\u017e jejich skutky byly odli\u0161n\u00e9, mluv\u00ed o sv\u00fdch i o jeho skutc\u00edch jako o spole\u010dn\u00fdch\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svat\u00fd Jeron\u00fdm ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdkladu zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee s d\u011btmi sed\u00edc\u00edmi na tr\u017ei\u0161ti podobenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eidovsk\u00fd lid. B\u016fh k n\u011bmu pos\u00edlal kazatele, ale \u201eproto\u017ee \u017eidovsk\u00fd lid necht\u011bl naslouchat, nejen\u017ee k n\u011bmu mluvili, ale i k\u0159i\u010deli z plna hrdla\u201c. Dva druhy k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed jsou nab\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ke ctnostem a v\u00fdzva k pok\u00e1n\u00ed. \u017did\u00e9 zanedbali tuto \u201edvoj\u00ed cestu ke sp\u00e1se\u201c, kdy\u017e nep\u0159ijali ani Jana, ani Syna \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cyril Alexandrijsk\u00fd pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee Jan K\u0159titel hl\u00e1saj\u00edc\u00ed k\u0159est pok\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ebyl vzorem pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed by m\u011bli plakat\u201c a P\u00e1n hl\u00e1saj\u00edc\u00ed Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebesk\u00e9 \u201ezjevil radost a sv\u011btlost, pomoc\u00ed nich\u017e popsal v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm nevy\u0159\u010denou radost a bezstarostn\u00fd \u017eivot\u201c. P\u00ed\u0161\u0165ala podle sv. Cyrila symbolizuje sladkost Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebesk\u00e9ho a pl\u00e1\u010d \u2013 muku gehenny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slova, \u017ee moudrost je ospravedln\u011bna sv\u00fdmi skutky<\/em>, se vykl\u00e1daj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b. Lze je br\u00e1t v tom smyslu, \u017ee lid\u00e9 si v\u017edy najdou ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 \u010diny, pro svou neochotu sly\u0161et hlas kazatele. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se term\u00edn \u201emoudrost\u201c pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v ironick\u00e9m smyslu. Zlato\u00fast\u00fd vid\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch slovech pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed usv\u011bd\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed adresovan\u00e9ho \u017did\u016fm: \u201eA\u010dkoli jste z\u016fstali nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, u\u017e m\u011b nem\u016f\u017eete obvi\u0148ovat.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na druhou stranu lze pojem \u201emoudrost\u201c interpretovat pozitivn\u011b. Svat\u00fd Jeron\u00fdm moudrost\u00ed rozum\u00ed \u201eproz\u0159etelnost a u\u010den\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed\u201c a d\u011btmi, apo\u0161toly, \u201ekter\u00fdm Otec zjevil to, co skryl p\u0159ed moudr\u00fdmi, p\u0159ed t\u011bmi, kdo se pova\u017euj\u00ed za moudr\u00e9\u201c. Hilarius z Poitiers v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee slova moudrost je ospravedln\u011bna<\/em> se vztahuj\u00ed na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, \u201enebo\u0165 on s\u00e1m je moudrost, ne kv\u016fli \u010din\u016fm, ale ze sv\u00e9 p\u0159irozenosti\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyklada\u010di, kte\u0159\u00ed ztoto\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e s biblickou Moudrost\u00ed, vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z ran\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradice zalo\u017een\u00e9 na slovech apo\u0161tola Pavla, \u017ee Kristus je Bo\u017e\u00ed moc a Bo\u017e\u00ed moudrost<\/em> (1. Korintsk\u00fdm 1:24). Takov\u00e9 ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed se posiluje nejen zosobn\u011bn\u00edm Moudrosti ve Star\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 zm\u00ednkou o jej\u00edch synech (P\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed 8:32, S\u00edrachovec 4:11 \u2013 Moudrost vychov\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 syny, uj\u00edm\u00e1 se t\u011bch, kdo ji hledaj\u00ed<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: www.jesus-portal.ru<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 podobenstv\u00ed o d\u011btech na tr\u017ei\u0161ti v Matou\u0161ov\u011b a Luk\u00e1\u0161ov\u011b evangeliu je datov\u00e1no do obdob\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova p\u016fsoben\u00ed, kdy byl Jan K\u0159titel ji\u017e uv\u011bzn\u011bn, ale je\u0161t\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3033,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[93],"class_list":["post-3032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biblistika","tag-2024-09","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3032"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3034,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3032\/revisions\/3034"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}