{"id":2698,"date":"2024-02-11T12:36:14","date_gmt":"2024-02-11T11:36:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=2698"},"modified":"2024-03-11T12:36:51","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T11:36:51","slug":"svate-deti-v-dejinach-krestanstvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2024\/02\/11\/svate-deti-v-dejinach-krestanstvi\/","title":{"rendered":"Svat\u00e9 d\u011bti v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Prvn\u00edmi k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi sv\u011btci, a p\u0159itom mu\u010dedn\u00edky, se staly d\u011bti. \u201eKdy\u017e Herodes poznal, \u017ee ho mudrci oklamali, rozl\u00edtil se a dal povra\u017edit v\u0161ecky chlapce v Betl\u00e9m\u011b a v cel\u00e9m okol\u00ed ve st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed do dvou let, podle \u010dasu, kter\u00fd vyzv\u011bd\u011bl od mudrc\u016f,\u201c prav\u00ed Matou\u0161ovo evangelium (2:16). Podle c\u00edrkevn\u00ed tradice jich bylo 14 tis\u00edc. Tato mal\u00e1 sv\u011bt\u00fdlka oz\u00e1\u0159ila sv\u011bt, kdy\u017e do n\u011bj vstoupil Syn Bo\u017e\u00ed. Semenem rod\u00edc\u00ed se c\u00edrkve se stala krev mal\u00fdch mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f, proto\u017ee padl\u00fd sv\u011bt se nemohl sm\u00ed\u0159it s jej\u00ed existenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Betl\u00e9msk\u00e9 d\u011bti si sv\u00e9 mu\u010dednictv\u00ed neuv\u011bdomovaly. C\u00edrkev ale zn\u00e1 spoustu mal\u00fdch mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ijali smrt pro Krista dobrovoln\u011b. Slavn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem jsou mu\u010dednice V\u011bra, Nad\u011b\u017eda <\/strong>a Ljubov<\/strong> symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 ctnosti \u2013 v\u00edru, nad\u011bji a l\u00e1sku. Sv\u011bt pohansk\u00e9 krutosti a zka\u017eenosti za\u00fato\u010dil na sv\u011bt d\u011btsk\u00e9 \u010distoty s obrovskou nen\u00e1vist\u00ed. Na rozkaz c\u00edsa\u0159e Hadri\u00e1na byly hol\u010di\u010dky, jim\u017e bylo pouze 12, 10 a 9 let, mu\u010deny a jejich matka Sofie se musela d\u00edvat na t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. T\u0159i sestry p\u0159ijaly smrt a jejich matka zem\u0159ela u jejich hrobu.<\/p>\n\n\n

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D\u00edt\u011b je slab\u00e9 a bezbrann\u00e9. Mohou ho stra\u0161it v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0podstat\u011b a\u017e tak stra\u0161n\u00e9 nejsou. Ale ob\u010das d\u011bti projevuj\u00ed paradoxn\u00ed odvahu neobvyklou i pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9. Takov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je t\u0159\u00edlet\u00fd Cyryk<\/strong>, jeho\u017e matka Julita byla jako k\u0159es\u0165anka zajata a mu\u010dena. Chlape\u010dek sp\u011bchal ke sv\u00e9 matce a k\u0159i\u010del: \u201eNechte m\u011b j\u00edt k\u00a0n\u00ed, jsem tak\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165an!\u201c Vl\u00e1dce m\u011bsta Tarsus, kde se tento d\u011bsiv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh odehr\u00e1l, shodil d\u00edt\u011b na kamenn\u00e9 schody, Julita po mu\u010den\u00ed byla s\u0165ata. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed idealizuj\u00ed a romantizuj\u00ed pohansk\u00fd sv\u011bt, by m\u011bli m\u00edt na pam\u011bti podobn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u017divoty d\u011bt\u00ed-mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f jsou hanbou pro zlobu a p\u00fdchu dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, jsou sv\u011bdectv\u00edm toho, jak \u017eiv\u00e1 v\u00edra milost\u00ed Hospodina i ve slab\u00fdch t\u011blech rod\u00ed nezni\u010ditelnou s\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu\u010dednici Akvil\u00edn\u011b<\/strong> bylo dvan\u00e1ct let, kdy\u017e p\u0159ijala mu\u010dednickou smrt. \u017dila v\u00a0dob\u011b velk\u00e9ho pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed (303\u2013305). Byla dcerou vysoce postaven\u00e9ho velmo\u017ee z f\u00e9nick\u00e9ho Byblu. Kdy\u017e j\u00ed bylo p\u011bt let, pok\u0159til ji m\u00edstn\u00ed biskup. Od sv\u00fdch deseti let Akvil\u00edna tak horliv\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovala sv\u00e9 vrstevn\u00edky, aby opustili modloslu\u017ebu a obr\u00e1tili se ke Kristu, \u017ee ji jist\u00fd Nikod\u00e9m vydal prokonzulovi, jemu\u017e bylo na\u0159\u00edzeno pron\u00e1sledovat k\u0159es\u0165any. \u00da\u0159edn\u00edk nechal mladou d\u00edvku mu\u010dit, ale ona sv\u00e9mu mu\u010diteli \u0159ekla: \u201eM\u016fj B\u016fh je se mnou, Kristus Osvoboditel. A \u010d\u00edm v\u00edc m\u011b bude\u0161 mu\u010dit, t\u00edm v\u00edc mi d\u00e1 trp\u011blivosti a s\u00edly.\u201c A skute\u010dn\u011b ji \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mu\u010den\u00ed nezlomilo. And\u011bl pomohl d\u00edvce, kdy\u017e ji pova\u017eovali za mrtvou a nechali za m\u011bstsk\u00fdmi hradbami. Akvil\u00edna se dostala do lo\u017enice sp\u00edc\u00edho prokonzula, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ho vyd\u011bsila. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den byla s\u0165ata.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

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Ve v\u011bku 15 let p\u0159ijala smrt velk\u00e1 mu\u010dednice Marina<\/strong>. Kdy\u017e ji mu\u010ditel\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dali, aby se slitovala nad svou kr\u00e1sou a ml\u00e1d\u00edm, odpov\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00e1 t\u011blesn\u00e1 kr\u00e1sa vadne, kde\u017eto muka sn\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 pro Kristovo jm\u00e9no zdob\u00ed du\u0161i a p\u0159ipravuje ji k v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 bla\u017eenosti. Z nebe byla k Marin\u011b z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u011b sesl\u00e1na b\u00edl\u00e1 holubice a znamen\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee. Kdy\u017e to pohan\u00e9 vid\u011bli, obr\u00e1tili se ke Kristu a byli popraveni. Ani kat necht\u011bl mu\u010dednici usmrtit, ale sv\u011btice ho prosila, aby ji\u017e neprodlu\u017eoval jej\u00ed mu\u010den\u00ed. T\u0159esouc\u00ed se rukou j\u00ed usekl hlavu.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Svat\u00fd mu\u010dedn\u00edk Mames<\/strong> se dokonce narodil ve v\u011bzen\u00ed, kde se za vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry v\u00a0Krista nach\u00e1zeli jeho rodi\u010de. Chlape\u010dka adoptovala bohat\u00e1 v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u017eena. Kdy\u017e mu bylo dvan\u00e1ct let, byl zat\u010den c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky za to, \u017ee odm\u00edtl ob\u011btovat modl\u00e1m na sv\u00e1tek Dia. Vlada\u0159 se nejprve pokusil p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit d\u00edt\u011b laskav\u00fdmi a lichotiv\u00fdmi slovy, ale chlape\u010dek se uk\u00e1zal b\u00fdt tvrd\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e diamant a jeho l\u00e1ska ke Kristu byla \u017ehav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e plamen. Vlada\u0159 si myslel, \u017ee ho zlom\u00ed bolest, a prosil: \u201eJen \u0159ekni, \u017ee u\u017e jsi ob\u011btoval modl\u00e1m. To sta\u010d\u00ed, abych t\u011b propustil.\u201c Mames v\u0161ak odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eAni srdcem, ani \u00fasty se nez\u0159eknu Krista, sv\u00e9ho Spasitele, \u00f3 c\u00edsa\u0159i! Naopak, d\u011bkuji ti, \u017ee jsi mi prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm utrpen\u00ed umo\u017enil je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce milovat Krista a sjednotit se s n\u00edm, m\u00fdm Kr\u00e1lem, jen\u017e trp\u011bl pro mou sp\u00e1su.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n

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Voj\u00e1ci sv\u011btce zbili, zl\u00e1mali mu v\u0161echny kosti a hodili ho do mo\u0159e. Ale Bo\u017e\u00ed and\u011bl ho zachr\u00e1nil. Pot\u00e9 Mames \u017eil mezi divok\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty a oslavoval P\u00e1na v neust\u00e1l\u00e9 modlitb\u011b. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bl s\u00fdr z da\u0148\u010d\u00edho ml\u00e9ka a p\u0159ebytek rozd\u00e1val chud\u00fdm. Kr\u00e1tce nato ale byl znovu v\u011bzn\u011bn a mu\u010den.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu\u010ditel\u00e9 ho hodili do pece, ale on, stejn\u011b jako t\u0159i \u017eidov\u0161t\u00ed ml\u00e1denci v babylonsk\u00e9 ohniv\u00e9 peci, zp\u00edval sl\u00e1vu Bohu, byv chr\u00e1n\u011bn p\u0159ed plameny Bo\u017eskou rosou. Pak ho hodili divok\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm, ale ta mu olizovala nohy. Nakonec ho zabili kati a jeho du\u0161e spo\u010dinula v Bo\u017e\u00edch p\u0159\u00edbytc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ov\u0161em d\u011bti a mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 sv\u011bd\u010dili o sv\u00e9 l\u00e1sce k Bohu nejen mu\u010dednickou smrt\u00ed. Pot\u00e9, co ustalo pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f, vznikaly dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti projevit svou oddanost Kristov\u011b c\u00edrkvi. Tak zn\u00e1m\u00fd poustevn\u00edk Simeon Stylita<\/strong>, jen\u017e se stal zakladatelem nov\u00e9 formy askeze a str\u00e1vil na sloupu 37 let, za\u010dal sv\u00e9 slou\u017een\u00ed Bohu ve v\u011bku 13 let. A jeho jmenovec Simeon mlad\u0161\u00ed<\/strong>, jen\u017e \u017eil p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o sto let pozd\u011bji, se odebral na pou\u0161\u0165, kdy\u017e mu bylo pouh\u00fdch 6 let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hodn\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed bylo zabito pro svou l\u00e1sku ke Kristovi b\u011bhem turkokracie na \u00fazem\u00ed Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Jsou pravoslavn\u00e9 d\u011bti-mu\u010dedn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed zahynuli od rukou katol\u00edk\u016f. Tak v\u00a0roce 1472 ve m\u011bst\u011b Jurjev (nyn\u00ed Tartu v Estonsku) n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed katol\u00edci utopili pravoslavn\u00e9ho kn\u011bze a 72 v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch za to, \u017ee se odm\u00edtli vzd\u00e1t pravoslavn\u00e9 v\u00edry. Mezi nimi byl t\u0159\u00edlet\u00fd chlape\u010dek, jeho\u017e mu\u010ditel\u00e9 cht\u011bli nechat \u017e\u00edt. Ten ale ho\u0159ce plakal, a nakonec sko\u010dil do d\u00edry v\u00a0ledu za svou matkou. A b\u011bhem tzv. boxersk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0\u010c\u00edn\u011b v\u00a0roce 1900 bylo zavra\u017ed\u011bno na 30 tis\u00edc k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f r\u016fzn\u00e9ho vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed. 222 z\u00a0nich byli identifikov\u00e1ni jako pravoslavn\u00ed, byly mezi nimi i d\u011bti. Tak osmilet\u00e9mu chlape\u010dkovi jm\u00e9nem Jan<\/strong> povstalci u\u0159\u00edzli prsty u nohou, pak ruce a o n\u011bkolik hodin pozd\u011bji nos a u\u0161i, pot\u00e9 ho usmrtili.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Ten, kdo miluje Boha, miluje v\u0161e, co B\u016fh stvo\u0159il, miluje cel\u00fd sv\u011bt. A kdo um\u00ed milovat up\u0159\u00edmn\u011bji ne\u017e d\u011bti? P\u00e1n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 \u0159ekl: \u201eAmen, prav\u00edm v\u00e1m, jestli\u017ee se neobr\u00e1t\u00edte a nebudete jako d\u011bti, nevejdete do kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebesk\u00e9ho. Kdo se poko\u0159\u00ed a bude jako toto d\u00edt\u011b, ten je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebesk\u00e9m. A kdo p\u0159ijme jedin\u00e9 takov\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b ve jm\u00e9nu m\u00e9m, p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 mne\u201c (Matou\u0161 18:3\u20135).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redakce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prvn\u00edmi k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi sv\u011btci, a p\u0159itom mu\u010dedn\u00edky, se staly d\u011bti. \u201eKdy\u017e Herodes poznal, \u017ee ho mudrci oklamali, rozl\u00edtil se a dal povra\u017edit v\u0161ecky chlapce v Betl\u00e9m\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2711,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[87],"class_list":["post-2698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svatky-a-svetci","tag-2024-02","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2698"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2712,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2698\/revisions\/2712"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}