{"id":2608,"date":"2024-01-20T10:20:51","date_gmt":"2024-01-20T09:20:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=2608"},"modified":"2024-02-20T10:45:28","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T09:45:28","slug":"at-se-raduje-poust-a-suchopar-s-jasotem-at-kvete-pustina-kolebka-mnisstvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2024\/01\/20\/at-se-raduje-poust-a-suchopar-s-jasotem-at-kvete-pustina-kolebka-mnisstvi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eA\u0165 se raduje pou\u0161\u0165 a suchop\u00e1r, s j\u00e1sotem a\u0165 kvete pustina!\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Egypt je kol\u00e9bkou k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho mni\u0161stv\u00ed. N\u011bkdy kolem roku 270 mlad\u00fd Egyp\u0165an jm\u00e9nem Anton\u00edn, jeho\u017e rodi\u010de kr\u00e1tce p\u0159edt\u00edm zem\u0159eli, p\u0159i\u0161el do chr\u00e1mu a usly\u0161el \u010dten\u00ed evangelia: \u201eChce\u0161-li b\u00fdt dokonal\u00fd, jdi, prodej sv\u016fj majetek a rozdej chud\u00fdm, a bude\u0161 m\u00edt poklad v\u00a0nebi. Pak p\u0159ij\u010f a n\u00e1sleduj m\u011b!\u201c Mu\u017e vy\u0161el z\u00a0chr\u00e1mu a bez me\u0161k\u00e1n\u00ed rozdal ve\u0161ker\u00fd sv\u016fj majetek, sv\u011b\u0159il svou malou sestru zn\u00e1m\u00fdm pann\u00e1m a us\u00eddlil se na okraji sv\u00e9 vesnice se z\u00e1m\u011brem zasv\u011btit sv\u016fj \u017eivot Bohu, n\u00e1sledovat Krista. Tak za\u010dal p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh svat\u00e9ho Anton\u00edna Velik\u00e9ho, tak za\u010daly d\u011bjiny k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho mni\u0161stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otec mni\u0161stv\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ze \u017divota sv. Anton\u00edna napsan\u00e9ho sv. Athanasiem v\u0161ak v\u00edme, \u017ee Anton\u00edn nebyl prvn\u00ed, kdo se rozhodl pro asketick\u00fd \u017eivot. \u201eV Egypt\u011b toti\u017e je\u0161t\u011b neexistovaly kl\u00e1\u0161tery\u2026 Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se cht\u011bl v\u011bnovat cvi\u010den\u00ed v sebeovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017eil v bl\u00edzkosti sv\u00e9ho domu. Tehdy \u017eil v nedalek\u00e9 vesnici sta\u0159ec, kter\u00fd vedl od ml\u00e1d\u00ed osam\u011bl\u00fd asketick\u00fd \u017eivot.[1]<\/a>\u201c Anton\u00edn ale byl prvn\u00ed, kdo opustil sv\u00e9 rodi\u0161t\u011b a odebral se nejd\u0159\u00edv do vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch hrobek a pak si na\u0161el d\u00e1vno zpustl\u00e9 ohrazen\u00e9 m\u00edsto za \u0159ekou. Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee zval s sebou na pou\u0161\u0165 i starce, jen\u017e \u017eil osamocen\u011b v sousedn\u00ed vesnici. Ten ale nab\u00eddku odm\u00edtl z d\u016fvodu sv\u00e9ho st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Takto o samot\u011b pro\u017eil Anton\u00edn dvacet let. A nakonec mnoz\u00ed jeho zn\u00e1m\u00ed zatou\u017eili po asketick\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b a za\u010dali p\u0159ich\u00e1zet k\u00a0proslul\u00e9mu poustevn\u00edkovi. O nov\u00e9 askety se Anton\u00edn staral jako pe\u010dliv\u00fd otec a \u010dasto je pou\u010doval, proto\u017ee \u201eP\u00edsmo je sice dostate\u010dn\u00e9 k\u00a0pou\u010den\u00ed, ale pro n\u00e1s je dobr\u00e9 se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b povzbuzovat ve v\u00ed\u0159e a posilovat slovy\u201c.[2]<\/a> Je\u0161t\u011b za Anton\u00ednova \u017eivota se pou\u0161\u0165 prom\u011bnila v\u00a0mni\u0161skou republiku, des\u00edtky tis\u00edc lid\u00ed tou\u017eily \u017e\u00edt asketick\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anton\u00edn\u016fv \u017eivot vyvrac\u00ed teorii o tom, \u017ee mni\u0161stvo vzniklo jako reakce na ukon\u010den\u00ed pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f v\u00a0\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9m imp\u00e9riu a bylo jakousi n\u00e1hradou mu\u010dednictv\u00ed. Svat\u00fd Anton\u00edn si zvolil cestu osamocen\u00e9ho \u017eivota zasv\u011bcen\u00e9ho Kristu v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy se st\u011b\u017e\u00ed dalo p\u0159edv\u00eddat konec pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a uz\u00e1kon\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edrkve. S\u00e1m za\u017eil Maximinovo pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0roce 311 a p\u0159i\u0161el do Alexandrie, aby p\u0159ijal mu\u010dednickou smrt, ale P\u00e1n ho chr\u00e1nil[3]<\/a>.\u00a0 Slavn\u00fd mnich opustil tento sv\u011bt ve v\u011bku 105 let, kolem roku 356, tj. mezi prvn\u00edm a druh\u00fdm v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm sn\u011bmem, kdy k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 zast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed Bo\u017eskou podstatu P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista zase byli pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1ni heretiky ari\u00e1ny a obr\u00e1nce v\u00edry sv. Athanasios hledal \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b na pou\u0161ti, mezi po\u010detn\u00fdmi mnichy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e1d\u00ed Natrun<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00edm z center mni\u0161sk\u00e9ho \u017eivota se stal severov\u00fdchod Lybijsk\u00e9 pou\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1padn\u011b od delty Nilu. Zde se nach\u00e1zela t\u0159i v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 st\u0159ediska \u2013 Nitria, Kellia a Sk\u00e9tis. Posledn\u00ed bylo nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z ran\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edch center v Doln\u00edm Egypt\u011b, rozkl\u00e1dalo se v \u00fadol\u00ed V\u00e1d\u00ed Natrun. V dob\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho rozkv\u011btu monasticismu v t\u00e9to pou\u0161ti \u017eilo na deset tis\u00edc mnich\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n

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N\u00e1zev pou\u0161t\u011b Sk\u00e9tis se vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u011b. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt odvozen od koptsk\u00e9ho schiet<\/em> \u2013 velk\u00e1 pl\u00e1\u0148. Podle jin\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru je odvozen od \u0159eck\u00e9ho slova k\u016f\u017ee \u2013 skitos. Ale podle nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdkladu se n\u00e1zev skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou koptsk\u00fdch slov v\u00e1\u017eit\/m\u011b\u0159it<\/em> a srdce<\/em> a je spojen s p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem o tom, jak se sv. Makariovi, jen\u017e byl zakladatelem sk\u00e9tsk\u00e9 mni\u0161sk\u00e9 komunity, zjevil cherub\u00edn, aby zv\u00e1\u017eil jeho srdce. V symbolick\u00e9m smyslu je monast\u00fdr m\u00edstem, kde se lidsk\u00e1 srdce m\u011b\u0159\u00ed t\u00edm prav\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve Sk\u00e9tis se usazovali nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pou\u0161tn\u00ed otcov\u00e9. Prvn\u00edm z\u00a0nich byl sv. Makarios Velik\u00fd, jen\u017e se narodil kolem roku 300, ve v\u011bku 30 let se odebral na pou\u0161\u0165 a str\u00e1vil tam 60 let.\u00a0 Ze v\u0161ech egyptsk\u00fdch pou\u0161t\u00ed se Sk\u00e9tis vyzna\u010dovala nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edmi \u017eivotn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami. Poutn\u00edk, kter\u00fd nav\u0161t\u00edvil Egypt ve 4. stolet\u00ed, p\u00ed\u0161e o n\u00ed jako o stra\u0161n\u00e9m ba\u017einat\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b se \u0161patnou vodou a hem\u017e\u00edc\u00edmi se kom\u00e1ry: \u201eVody je tam m\u00e1lo, a ta, kterou lze naj\u00edt, hnusn\u011b zap\u00e1ch\u00e1, p\u00e1chne jako prysky\u0159ice, ale nen\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e1. \u017dij\u00ed tam pouze mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed se ji\u017e zdokonalili v duchovn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Kdo jin\u00fd by mohl \u017e\u00edt na tak hrozn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b ne\u017e lid\u00e9 s nezvratn\u00fdm odhodl\u00e1n\u00edm a dokonalou zdr\u017eenlivost\u00ed? Ale v\u0161ichni \u017eij\u00ed ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 l\u00e1sce a se srde\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edv\u011btivost\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo k nim p\u0159ijde[5]<\/a>.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n

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Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee b\u011bhem Velk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli do Sk\u00e9tsk\u00e9 pou\u0161t\u011b asketov\u00e9 z jin\u00fdch monast\u00fdr\u016f a tr\u00e1vili zde postn\u00ed dobu ve velice obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. O \u017eivot\u011b a hrdinsk\u00fdch skutc\u00edch zdej\u0161\u00edch poustevn\u00edk\u016f vypr\u00e1v\u00ed Sk\u00e9tsk\u00fd paterik. Od n\u00e1zvu t\u00e9to pou\u0161t\u011b z\u00edskal sv\u016fj n\u00e1zev skit \u2013 poustevna, kde mni\u0161i tr\u00e1v\u00ed \u010das o samot\u011b a ml\u010denlivosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tradice sv. Anton\u00edna a tradice V\u00e1d\u00ed Natrun se vyzna\u010dovaly sm\u00ed\u0161enou formou mni\u0161sk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, v n\u00ed\u017e byl patrn\u00fd jist\u00fd prvek spole\u010denstv\u00ed. V ran\u00e9m obdob\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b osamocen\u00fd \u017eivot vedli pouze duchovn\u00ed v\u016fdci mni\u0161sk\u00fdch komunit, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010das od \u010dasu nav\u0161t\u011bvovali sv\u00e9 u\u010dedn\u00edky, aby je duchovn\u011b pos\u00edlili a pou\u010dili. \u0158adov\u00ed mni\u0161i \u017eili v samostatn\u00fdch cel\u00e1ch nebo v mal\u00fdch skupink\u00e1ch, sch\u00e1zeli se o ned\u011bl\u00edch a sv\u00e1tc\u00edch na bohoslu\u017eb\u00e1ch a pot\u00e9 spolu stolovali[6]<\/a>. Kdy se p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed stala spole\u010dn\u00e1 forma \u017eivota, je dodnes ot\u00e1zkou bez odpov\u011bdi. Prvn\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u00edci slavn\u00fdch asket\u016f pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nevedli koinobi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svat\u00fd Jan Moschos vypr\u00e1v\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh jednoho star\u00e9ho mnicha, podle n\u011bj\u017e po n\u00e1jezdech ko\u010dovn\u00edk\u016f v letech 407, 434 a 444 se mni\u0161i ze Sk\u00e9tis sjednotili do 4 monast\u00fdrsk\u00fdch koloni\u00ed \u2013 l\u00e1ver \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00edch cca 3500 obyvatel[7]<\/a>. Tyto l\u00e1vry se skl\u00e1daly ze skupin keli\u00ed, v jejich\u017e st\u0159edu byl chr\u00e1m a v\u011b\u017e, kter\u00e1 slou\u017eila jako \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i n\u00e1jezdech barbar\u016f. Tyto v\u011b\u017ee se ve starobyl\u00fdch monast\u00fdrech dochovaly dodnes. L\u00e1vry se staly p\u0159edobrazy slavn\u00fdch monast\u00fdr\u016f V\u00e1d\u00ed Natrun, kter\u00e9 v 9. stolet\u00ed ji\u017e byly skute\u010dn\u00fdmi nedobytn\u00fdmi pevnostmi: monast\u00fdr\u016f sv. Mak\u00e1ria Egyptsk\u00e9ho, sv. Jana Koloba, sv. Paisije Velik\u00e9ho a monast\u00fdru \u0158\u00edman\u016f (Dejr al-Baram\u00fas). V 6. stolet\u00ed odp\u016frci Chalkedonsk\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu z\u00edskali mo\u017enost postavit ve V\u00e1d\u00ed Natrun sv\u016fj monast\u00fdr zasv\u011bcen\u00fd p\u0159esvat\u00e9 Bohorodici zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Dejr as-Surian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 4. stolet\u00ed spont\u00e1nn\u00ed mni\u0161sk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed v Egypt\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nab\u00fdvat rys\u016f c\u00edrkevn\u00ed instituce a postupn\u011b se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 pod kontrolu c\u00edrkevn\u00ed hierarchie. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v tomto procesu sehr\u00e1l sv. Athanasios Alexandrijsk\u00fd, kter\u00fd v roce 357 po smrti sv. Anton\u00edna a po sv\u00e9m dlouh\u00e9m pobytu mezi mnichy napsal \u017divot sv. Anton\u00edna.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Na p\u0159elomu 4. a 5. stolet\u00ed vznikaj\u00ed \u010detn\u00e9 cestopisy poutn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edvili v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 mni\u0161sk\u00e1 st\u0159ediska Egypta. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich z\u016fstali v Egypt\u011b, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Evagrius Pontsk\u00fd. Jin\u00ed se po sezn\u00e1men\u00ed s egyptsk\u00fdm monasticismem vr\u00e1tili dom\u016f a sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti p\u0159enesli do jin\u00fdch oblast\u00ed \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, jak na V\u00fdchod\u011b (sv. Basil Velik\u00fd), tak na Z\u00e1pad\u011b (sv. Jan Kasi\u00e1n, sv. Eusebius z Vercelli, Rufinus z Akvileje, sv. Melania star\u0161\u00ed atd.). Rozvoj \u017e\u00e1nru poutnick\u00fdch cestopis\u016f byl pokusem uchovat pam\u00e1tku egyptsk\u00e9ho mni\u0161sk\u00e9ho \u017eivota v dob\u011b jeho rozkv\u011btu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po rozkolu roku 451<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po Chalcedonsk\u00e9m sn\u011bmu roku 451 a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m odd\u011blen\u00ed Koptsk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve od pravoslav\u00ed v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch egyptsk\u00e9ho mni\u0161stv\u00ed za\u010dalo nov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed. C\u00edsa\u0159 Marcianus rozeslal kopie usnesen\u00ed sn\u011bmu v\u0161em monast\u00fdr\u016fm s na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm podepsat tento dokument. Mni\u0161i podporuj\u00edc\u00ed sn\u011bm se ocitli v men\u0161in\u011b. Komunity monast\u00fdr\u016f Kellie a Sk\u00e9tis se ji\u017e ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 5. stolet\u00ed rozd\u011blily podle n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f a modlily se odd\u011blen\u011b, v r\u016fzn\u00fdch chr\u00e1mech[8]<\/a> . Postupem \u010dasu se Sk\u00e9tis st\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00edm duchovn\u00edm st\u0159ediskem Koptsk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V obdob\u00ed christologick\u00fdch spor\u016f 5.\u20136. stolet\u00ed u\u017e neexistovalo jednotn\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 mni\u0161stv\u00ed. R\u016fzn\u00e9 skupiny mnich\u016f v z\u00e1vislosti na sv\u00e9m teologick\u00e9m stanovisku podporovaly toho \u010di onoho biskupa a sna\u017eily se ovlivnit jak hierarchii, tak laiky v\u010detn\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f, co\u017e vyvol\u00e1valo konflikty a rozd\u011blen\u00ed mezi egyptsk\u00fdmi k\u0159es\u0165any. Jestli\u017ee v obdob\u00ed vzniku mni\u0161stv\u00ed velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam m\u011bly charismatick\u00e9 vlastnosti a osobn\u00ed autorita slavn\u00fdch asket\u016f, pak od poloviny 5. stolet\u00ed se mni\u0161i st\u00e1le v\u00edce spol\u00e9hali na autoritu c\u00edrkevn\u00edch hierarch\u016f nebo laik\u016f. Asketismus v tomto obdob\u00ed za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 krizi. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou mni\u0161sk\u00e9ho \u017eivota se staly spole\u010dn\u00e9 monast\u00fdry s jasnou institucionalizac\u00ed, v\u00fdrazn\u011b se zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det mnich\u016f klerik\u016f. Typick\u00fdm jevem byli mni\u0161i biskupov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili v koinobi\u00e1ln\u00edm monast\u00fdru a \u0159\u00eddili odtud c\u00edrkevn\u00ed \u017eivot sv\u00e9 eparchie. Monast\u00fdr se tak stal centrem liturgick\u00e9ho \u017eivota k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 komunity regionu, byl \u010dasto nav\u0161t\u011bvov\u00e1n laiky hledaj\u00edc\u00edmi duchovn\u00ed veden\u00ed[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Sou\u010dasnost<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monast\u00fdry V\u00e1d\u00ed Natrun za\u017eily obdob\u00ed rozkv\u011btu a \u00fapadku. Dnes v pov\u011bstn\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 pou\u0161ti existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i monast\u00fdry: sv. Mak\u00e1ria, sv. Bi\u0161oje (Paisije), Panny Marie (Dejr as-Surian) a monast\u00fdr \u0158\u00edman\u016f (Dejr al-Baram\u00fas). \u010cas se zde jakoby zastavil. Starobyl\u00e9 mali\u010dk\u00e9 kaple soused\u00ed s novodob\u00fdmi chr\u00e1my postaven\u00fdmi pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky za ohradou monast\u00fdr\u016f, aby laici neru\u0161ili modlitebn\u00ed klid mnich\u016f. V centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho monast\u00fdru se dodnes ty\u010d\u00ed v\u011b\u017e se zvedac\u00edm mostem. Uvnit\u0159 v\u011b\u017ee b\u00fdvala studna a z\u00e1soby potravin. Za star\u00fdch \u010das\u016f se mni\u0161i mohli v takov\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00edch ukr\u00fdvat p\u0159ed n\u00e1jezdy bojovn\u00fdch ko\u010dovn\u00edk\u016f n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Tak v monast\u00fdru sv. Bi\u0161oje byla v\u011b\u017e postavena v 5. stolet\u00ed pot\u00e9, co ko\u010dovn\u00edci zavra\u017edili 49 mnich\u016f a umyli sv\u00e9 me\u010de v monast\u00fdrsk\u00e9 studn\u011b, j\u00ed\u017e se dodnes \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 studna mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Star\u00e9 cely se ji\u017e d\u00e1vno nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Mni\u0161i bydl\u00ed v modern\u00edch budov\u00e1ch s elekt\u0159inou a internetem. Ale star\u00e9 budovy se pe\u010dliv\u011b zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Monast\u00fdr as-Surian je zn\u00e1m unik\u00e1tn\u00edmi n\u00e1dhern\u00fdmi freskami a ikonami ze 7. a 9. stolet\u00ed, olt\u00e1\u0159n\u00edmi br\u00e1nami ozdoben\u00fdmi \u0159ezbou ze slonoviny. Zde se tak\u00e9 nach\u00e1z\u00ed jeskyn\u011b, v n\u00ed\u017e \u017eil sv. Paisij Velik\u00fd, a strom, kter\u00fd podle legendy vyrostl z hole sv. Efr\u00e9ma Syrsk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monast\u00fdry vlastn\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 pozemky, na nich\u017e se p\u011bstuj\u00ed olivy a datle, chovaj\u00ed se slepice. P\u016fdu obd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1den\u00edci a zisk se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na \u017eivobyt\u00ed mnich\u016f a podporu chud\u00fdch rodin. Pou\u0161\u0165 u\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159estala b\u00fdt pou\u0161t\u00ed a rozkvetla prac\u00ed vytrval\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V monast\u00fdrsk\u00fdch chr\u00e1mech jsou ulo\u017eeny ostatky \u010detn\u00fdch sv\u011btc\u016f. Pravoslavn\u00fd n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk ale mus\u00ed b\u00fdt opatrn\u00fd. Vedle sv. Paisije v\u00e1m mohou nab\u00eddnout k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ostatky \u201esv. pape\u017ee Dioskora\u201c, jen\u017e je z c\u00edrkevn\u00edch d\u011bjin zn\u00e1m jako zast\u00e1nce heresiarchy monofyzity Eutycha odsouzen\u00fd Chalkedonsk\u00fdm sn\u011bmem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161ichni velic\u00ed kopt\u0161t\u00ed pape\u017eov\u00e9 20. stolet\u00ed poch\u00e1zeli z monast\u00fdr\u016f V\u00e1d\u00ed Natrun a starali se o jejich obnoven\u00ed a rozvoj. Dnes monast\u00fdry za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fd rozkv\u011bt, v ka\u017ed\u00e9m \u017eij\u00ed stovky mnich\u016f. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed to i dobr\u00e9 vztahy Koptsk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve s egyptsk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text a foto z monast\u00fdr\u016f sv. Mak\u00e1ria, sv. Bi\u0161oje a Panny Marie: Nad\u011b\u017eda Skvarnik<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> Sv. Atan\u00e1\u0161. \u017divot sv. Anton\u00edna Poustevn\u00edka<\/em>. Olomouc, 2010. S. 23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> Sv. Atan\u00e1\u0161. \u017divot sv. Anton\u00edna Poustevn\u00edka<\/em>. Olomouc, 2010. S. 35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Sv. Atan\u00e1\u0161. \u017divot sv. Anton\u00edna Poustevn\u00edka<\/em>. Olomouc, 2010. S. 60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> Evelyn-White H. G. The Monasteries of Wadi ‚n Natrun<\/em>. N. Y., 1926-1933. 3 pt. Pt. 2, p. 27-28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0420\u0443\u0444\u0438\u043d, \u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u043e\u0432<\/em>. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1998. S. 183.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Palladius. Historia Lausiaca<\/em>. 7. 2-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Ioan. Mosch. Prat. duch.<\/em> 113 \/\/ PG. 87. Col. 2977C<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Apophthegmata Patrum<\/em>. Phokas. 1 \/\/ PG. 65. Col. 432<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Pravoslavn\u00e1 encyklopedie. Mni\u0161stv\u00ed<\/em>. https:\/\/www.pravenc.ru\/text\/2564108.html#part_8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Egypt je kol\u00e9bkou k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho mni\u0161stv\u00ed. N\u011bkdy kolem roku 270 mlad\u00fd Egyp\u0165an jm\u00e9nem Anton\u00edn, jeho\u017e rodi\u010de kr\u00e1tce p\u0159edt\u00edm zem\u0159eli, p\u0159i\u0161el do chr\u00e1mu a usly\u0161el \u010dten\u00ed evangelia:…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2628,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[84],"class_list":["post-2608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pravoslavi-ve-svete","tag-2024-01","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2608"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2632,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2608\/revisions\/2632"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}