{"id":257,"date":"2016-12-16T14:26:44","date_gmt":"2016-12-16T13:26:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=257"},"modified":"2021-11-16T14:27:10","modified_gmt":"2021-11-16T13:27:10","slug":"pohadkovi-svati-pribeh-indickeho-prince","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2016\/12\/16\/pohadkovi-svati-pribeh-indickeho-prince\/","title":{"rendered":"Poh\u00e1dkov\u00ed svat\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh indick\u00e9ho prince"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Typick\u00fd svat\u00fd je podle p\u0159edstavy v\u011bt\u0161iny z n\u00e1s mu\u010dedn\u00edk nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm vyznava\u010d. Sv\u011btce z kategorie ctihodn\u00fdch (csl. prepodobni<\/em>) \u010dasto podv\u011bdom\u011b posouv\u00e1me do pozad\u00ed. Mimo to v k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed existuje tak velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed svat\u00fdch, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017eeme zn\u00e1t v\u0161echny, i kdybychom cht\u011bli. Kdo si v kalend\u00e1\u0159i v\u0161imne jak\u00fdchsi ctihodn\u00fdch poustevn\u00edka Barlaama, indick\u00e9ho prince Josafata a jeho otce Abenera? Sy\u017eet tohoto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu se p\u0159itom stal dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00fdm po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch liter\u00e1rn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dodnes v\u011bdci nemohou rozlu\u0161tit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pln\u00fd n\u00e1zev tohoto hagiografick\u00e9ho d\u00edla je Pov\u011bst prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 pro du\u0161i (\u1ffe\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2), p\u0159inesena z v\u00fdchodn\u00ed etiopsk\u00e9 zem\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 Indi\u00ed do svat\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Jeruzal\u00e9ma Janem mnichem, mu\u017eem poctiv\u00fdm a ctnostn\u00fdm z monast\u00fdru svat\u00e9ho S\u00e1vy<\/em>. V liter\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u011bd\u011b je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Pov\u011bst o Barlaamu a Josafatovi<\/em>. Uvedu tady jej\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fd obsah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Svat\u00ed Josafat a Barlaam<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ve 4. stolet\u00ed v Indii vl\u00e1dl kr\u00e1l Abener. Byl to pohan, kter\u00fd nen\u00e1vid\u011bl k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed a k\u0159es\u0165any krut\u011b pron\u00e1sledoval. Kr\u00e1l dlouho nem\u011bl potomka. Nakonec se mu narodil syn Josafat. P\u0159i jeho narozen\u00ed kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd \u010darod\u011bj p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee chlapec p\u0159ijme otcem nen\u00e1vid\u011bnou k\u0159es\u0165anskou v\u00edru. Abener tomu cht\u011bl zabr\u00e1nit, proto nechal pro prince postavit z\u00e1mek a zak\u00e1zal v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1sledn\u00edka mluvit o Kristu a jeho u\u010den\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e princ dos\u00e1hl jino\u0161sk\u00e9ho v\u011bku, za\u010dal prosit otce, aby mu dovolil ze z\u00e1mku vyj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt. Za hranicemi sv\u00e9ho s\u00eddla se dozv\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee na sv\u011bt\u011b existuj\u00ed nemoci, utrpen\u00ed, st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a smrt. Tohle n\u00e1m hodn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh jin\u00e9ho indick\u00e9ho prince \u2013 Siddh\u00e1rthy Gautamy neboli Buddhy. Stejn\u011b jako Buddha mlad\u00fd Josafat za\u017eil t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zklam\u00e1n\u00ed a dosp\u011bl k my\u0161lence o pom\u00edjivosti a nesmyslnosti \u017eivota. Na rozd\u00edl od Buddhy ale nevytvo\u0159il na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto pocitu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pesimistick\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed. Do \u017eivota Josafata zas\u00e1hl jedin\u00fd a v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd B\u016fh, tv\u016frce v\u0161eho viditeln\u00e9ho i neviditeln\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daleko odtud na pou\u0161ti \u017eil moudr\u00fd starec Barlaam, jemu\u017e B\u016fh zjevil, \u017ee v Indii \u017eije mlad\u00fd princ hledaj\u00edc\u00ed pravdu. Poustevn\u00edk v podob\u011b kupce p\u0159ijel do m\u011bsta, kde se nach\u00e1zel princ\u016fv z\u00e1mek, a prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee m\u00e1 kouzeln\u00fd drahokam, kter\u00fd vyl\u00e9\u010d\u00ed jakoukoli nemoc. Josafat si starce nechal p\u0159edvolat a ten mu za\u010dal vykl\u00e1dat k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed. Princ pochopil, \u017ee drahokamem je prav\u00e1 v\u00edra, uv\u011b\u0159il v P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista a nechal se pok\u0159t\u00edt. Barlaam se po k\u0159tu odebral zp\u00e1tky na pou\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jakmile se kr\u00e1l Abener dozv\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee se jeho syn obr\u00e1til na k\u0159es\u0165anskou v\u00edru, hrozn\u011b se rozhn\u011bval. Jeden z velmo\u017e\u016f mu doporu\u010dil zorganizovat disputaci mezi k\u0159es\u0165any a pohany. M\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1m tady p\u0159ij\u00edt na mysl analogie s debatou sv. Kate\u0159iny s pohansk\u00fdmi filosofy. Ale v t\u00e9to pov\u011bsti se fabule rozvine jinak. Disputace se m\u011bl z\u00fa\u010dastnit jak\u00fdsi \u010darod\u011bj p\u0159evle\u010den\u00fd za Barlaama a demonstrativn\u011b spor prohr\u00e1t. Josafatovi ale B\u016fh tento podvod odkryl. Princ varoval \u010darod\u011bje, \u017ee pokud spor skute\u010dn\u011b prohraje, p\u0159ijde o \u017eivot. Zastra\u0161en\u00fd \u010darod\u011bj tak up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b h\u00e1jil k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, \u017ee nejen, \u017ee vyhr\u00e1l debatu, ale s\u00e1m uv\u011b\u0159il v Krista, nechal se pok\u0159t\u00edt a ode\u0161el na pou\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V klasick\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o mu\u010dedn\u00edkovi bychom potkali vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o mu\u010den\u00edch a poprav\u011b ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9ho prince na rozkaz vlastn\u00edho otce. Pamatujme si ale, \u017ee Josafat, stejn\u011b jako jeho otec Abener jsou uct\u00edv\u00e1ni jako ctihodn\u00ed. Sy\u017eet zase sp\u011bje jinam. Po n\u011bkolika marn\u00fdch pokusech sv\u00e9st prince ze spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 cesty Abener u\u010dinil syna sv\u00fdm spoluvl\u00e1dcem. Josafat obnovil v zemi k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, nechal vybudovat nov\u00e9 chr\u00e1my a nakonec obr\u00e1til i sv\u00e9ho otce na pravou v\u00edru. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po smrti Abenera svat\u00fd Josafat opustil kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a ode\u0161el na pou\u0161\u0165 za sv\u00fdm u\u010ditelem Barlaamem. Po skon\u00e1n\u00ed starce Josafat z\u016fstal v jejich jeskyni s\u00e1m a \u017eil p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm asketick\u00fdm \u017eivotem do sv\u00e9 smrti ve v\u011bku 60 let. Ostatky svat\u00fdch Josafata a Barlaama byly p\u0159eneseny do chr\u00e1mu postaven\u00e9ho p\u0159ed lety Josafatem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takov\u00fd happyend ur\u010dit\u011b nikdo ne\u010dekal. V\u0161echny postavy t\u00e9to pov\u011bsti se obr\u00e1tily na k\u0159es\u0165anskou v\u00edru \u2013 princ, jeho krut\u00fd otec, dokonce i n\u011bjak\u00fd pohansk\u00fd \u010darod\u011bj. V\u0161ichni zem\u0159eli v m\u00edru, bez bolesti, bez krvav\u00fdch poprav po dlouh\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b napln\u011bn\u00e9m modlitbou a slou\u017een\u00edm  Bohu a nechali po sob\u011b k\u0159es\u0165anskou zemi se stovkami chr\u00e1m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u011b ten p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh zaujal pr\u00e1v\u011b sv\u00fdm \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdm koncem. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 n\u00e1m v\u0161em, \u017ee existuje nespo\u010detn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pro Boha p\u0159ijateln\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f slou\u017een\u00ed. Nemus\u00edme bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b b\u00fdt ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00ed. V\u017edy\u0165 B\u016fh s\u00e1m je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u0161t\u011bst\u00edm, blahem, radost\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo po n\u011bm tou\u017e\u00ed. \u017divot ve sm\u00edru s Bohem je jedinou mo\u017enost\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1dat spole\u010dnost na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch \u2013 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, politick\u00e9, ekonomick\u00e9, dokonce i ekologick\u00e9. P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee \u017eijeme ve spole\u010dnosti up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fdch, ctnostn\u00fdch, vl\u00eddn\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f a jedin\u00fdm z\u00e1konem t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti je k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 l\u00e1ska. Jak to bude vypadat? Poh\u00e1dkov\u011b! P\u0159esn\u011b tak jako v Pov\u011bsti o Barlaamu a Josafatovi<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoz\u00ed by s t\u00edm nesouhlasili, proto\u017ee ve sv\u011bt\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed i jin\u00e9 s\u00edly a \u010dlov\u011bk se jako svobodn\u00fd tvor v\u017edy m\u016f\u017ee rozhodnout pro \u017eivot bez Boha. Je to tak. Nem\u016f\u017eeme zm\u011bnit cel\u00fd st\u00e1t nebo p\u0159em\u011bnit na\u0161i planetu v r\u00e1j. Nesm\u00edme ale p\u0159estat o to usilovat. S Bo\u017e\u00ed pomoc\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat \u0161\u0165astnou minim\u00e1ln\u011b svou vlastn\u00ed rodinu. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o l\u00e1sce, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed dobra nad zlem neexistuj\u00ed jen pro z\u00e1bavu. Jsou tu proto, aby n\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly ide\u00e1l, ke kter\u00e9mu bychom m\u011bli sm\u011b\u0159ovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pov\u011bst o Barlaamu a Josafatovi <\/em>je bohat\u00e1 na podobenstv\u00ed, pou\u010den\u00ed, duchovn\u00ed besedy. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed inspirovala spisovatele a b\u00e1sn\u00edky, nap\u0159\u00edklad Shakespeara, Lopeho de Vegu, Calder\u00f3na. Ale dodnes si v\u011bdci l\u00e1mou hlavu nad jej\u00edm p\u016fvodem. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee pov\u011bst je christianizovanou legendou o \u017eivot\u011b Buddhy. Jin\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee vznikla ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Asii nez\u00e1visle na buddhistick\u00e9 tradici. Mnich Jan z monast\u00fdru sv. S\u00e1vy v Palestin\u011b, uveden\u00fd v n\u00e1zvu jako autor, b\u00fdv\u00e1 asociov\u00e1n se sv. Janem z Dama\u0161ku. Dne\u0161n\u00ed hlavn\u00ed hypot\u00e9za je takov\u00e1, \u017ee pov\u011bst vznikla kolem 6. nebo 7. stolet\u00ed v st\u0159edopersk\u00e9m jazyce. V 8. stolet\u00ed se vyvinula jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed arabsk\u00e1 redakce. Paraleln\u011b byla vytvo\u0159ena gruz\u00ednsk\u00e1 verze, je\u017e pozd\u011bji byla p\u0159elo\u017eena do \u0159e\u010dtiny a pak do dal\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nehled\u011b na nejasn\u00fd p\u016fvod pov\u011bsti jsou Barlaam, Josafat a Abener v pravoslavn\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi uct\u00edv\u00e1ni jako ctihodn\u00ed. V 16. stolet\u00ed byla v Rusku vytvo\u0159ena slu\u017eba t\u011bmto sv\u011btc\u016fm. Existuj\u00ed ikonografick\u00e1 zobrazen\u00ed Barlaama a Josafata ve star\u00fdch rukopisech, chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch malb\u00e1ch a na ikon\u00e1ch v \u0158ecku, Rusku, Srbsku \u010di It\u00e1lii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Barlaama a Josafata je potvrzen\u00edm toho, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed \u017eivot\u016f svat\u00fdch nen\u00ed nudnou povinnost\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ana. Hagiografick\u00e1 literatura m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velkou inspirac\u00ed pro n\u00e1\u0161 duchovn\u00ed \u017eivot, nevy\u010derpateln\u00fdm zdrojem pro tvorbu a prost\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm \u010dten\u00edm pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 i pro d\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nad\u011b\u017eda Skvarnik <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Typick\u00fd svat\u00fd je podle p\u0159edstavy v\u011bt\u0161iny z n\u00e1s mu\u010dedn\u00edk nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm vyznava\u010d. Sv\u011btce z kategorie ctihodn\u00fdch (csl. prepodobni) \u010dasto podv\u011bdom\u011b posouv\u00e1me do pozad\u00ed. Mimo to v k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed existuje…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":260,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[20],"class_list":["post-257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svatky-a-svetci","tag-2016-12","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=257"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":261,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257\/revisions\/261"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}