{"id":2528,"date":"2023-11-14T11:31:49","date_gmt":"2023-11-14T10:31:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=2528"},"modified":"2023-11-20T11:32:13","modified_gmt":"2023-11-20T10:32:13","slug":"zobrazeni-adama-a-evy-na-starovekych-pecetich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2023\/11\/14\/zobrazeni-adama-a-evy-na-starovekych-pecetich\/","title":{"rendered":"Zobrazen\u00ed Adama a Evy na starov\u011bk\u00fdch pe\u010det\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dnes t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd zn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Adama a Evy, jak je pops\u00e1n v Bibli: pramatka v\u0161ech lid\u00ed sn\u011bdla zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 ovoce ze stromu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed dobra a zla a p\u0159emluvila k tomu sv\u00e9ho mu\u017ee Adama. Za toto poru\u0161en\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00edho p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed byli prvn\u00ed lid\u00e9 vyhn\u00e1ni z r\u00e1je. Historici se dlouho domn\u00edvali, \u017ee jde pouze o \u017eidovsk\u00fd m\u00fdtus, kter\u00fd jin\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody neznaly. Artefakty nalezen\u00e9 v\u011bdci v\u0161ak nazna\u010duj\u00ed n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1872 anglick\u00fd asyriolog George Smith prostudoval archivy se vzorky starobabylonsk\u00e9ho p\u00edsma, kter\u00e9 byly nalezeny n\u011bkolik let p\u0159edt\u00edm anglick\u00fdm archeologem Austenem Henry Layardem v Ninive. Mezi hlin\u011bn\u00fdmi tabulkami pokryt\u00fdmi kl\u00ednov\u00fdm p\u00edsmem Smith na\u0161el cylindrickou pe\u010de\u0165 se zobrazen\u00edm, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed biblick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o p\u00e1du Adama a Evy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V centru akkadsk\u00e9 cylindrick\u00e9 pe\u010det\u011b datovan\u00e9 22. stolet\u00edm p\u0159ed Kristem je zobrazen velk\u00fd rozv\u011btven\u00fd strom p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed plody, vpravo od n\u011bj sed\u00ed mu\u017e a vlevo \u017eena. Za z\u00e1dy \u017eeny je vid\u011bt had. Sy\u017eet tohoto zobrazen\u00ed napodobuje p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh biblick\u00e9 knihy Genesis. V\u011bdci pojmenovali tuto pe\u010de\u0165 Poku\u0161en\u00ed. Pod t\u00edmto n\u00e1zvem je dodnes ulo\u017eena v Britsk\u00e9m muzeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ov\u0161em cylindrick\u00e1 pe\u010de\u0165 nalezen\u00e1 v Ninive se nestala d\u016fkazem toho, \u017ee vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed z r\u00e1je popsan\u00e9 v Bibli bylo skute\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem o po\u010d\u00e1tku d\u011bjin lidstva, kter\u00fd se zachoval u v\u0161ech n\u00e1rod\u016f. Badatel\u00e9, jako b\u00fdval\u00e1 kur\u00e1torka Britsk\u00e9ho muzea Dominique Collon a profesor Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona na americk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b Emory David L. Petersen, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee mu\u017e, jen\u017e m\u00e1 na sob\u011b pokr\u00fdvku hlavy s dv\u011bma rohy, je zobrazen\u00edm boha, \u017eena sed\u00edc\u00ed naproti je v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed nebo kn\u011b\u017eka slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed tomuto bo\u017estv\u00ed, strom mezi nimi je palma, kter\u00e1 symbolizuje plodnost, stejn\u011b jako had. Jin\u00ed, jako profesor srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed mytologie a srovn\u00e1vac\u00edho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Joseph Campbell, tvrdili, \u017ee \u017eensk\u00e1 postava vlevo od stromu je bohyn\u011b plodnosti Gula-Bau a mu\u017e vpravo jej\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00fd man\u017eel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale rok 1930 p\u0159inesl archeolog\u016fm dal\u0161\u00ed objev sv\u011bd\u010d\u00edc\u00ed o po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch d\u011bjin. B\u011bhem vykop\u00e1vek na kopci Tepe Gaura profesor Pensylv\u00e1nsk\u00e9 univerzity Ephraim Speiser objevil kulatou kamennou pe\u010de\u0165 datovanou do poloviny 4. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tepe Gaura je archeologick\u00e1 lokalita v severn\u00edm Ir\u00e1ku pobl\u00ed\u017e starov\u011bk\u00e9ho asyrsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Ninive asi 15 km severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho ir\u00e1ck\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Mosulu. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee m\u011bsto zde existovalo ji\u017e v 6. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed Kristem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem americk\u00e9 expedice byla kamenn\u00e1 pe\u010de\u0165, na n\u00ed\u017e jsou jasn\u011b viditeln\u00e9 dv\u011b lidsk\u00e9 postavy \u2013 mu\u017e a \u017eena \u2013 a za nimi had. Shrben\u00e1 nah\u00e1 t\u011bla nazna\u010duj\u00ed b\u00eddn\u00fd stav zobrazen\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se za svou nahotu styd\u00ed. Vypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee starov\u011bk\u00fd um\u011blec se sna\u017eil graficky zachytit informace uveden\u00e9 ve t\u0159et\u00ed kapitole knihy Genesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zobrazen\u00ed dob\u0159e ilustruj\u00edc\u00ed biblick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed Adama a Evy z r\u00e1je vy\u0159ezal nezn\u00e1m\u00fd um\u011blec t\u0159icet p\u011bt stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed narozen\u00edm Krista a mnoho stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed narozen\u00edm praotce \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda Abrahama. Tento jednoduch\u00fd obraz p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010duje n\u011bkter\u00e9 badatele, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh knihy Genesis nelze pova\u017eovat za pouhou sou\u010d\u00e1st \u017eidovsk\u00e9 kroniky, kdysi mohl b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda. V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich v\u0161ak ztratila spojen\u00ed se Stvo\u0159itelem a zapomn\u011bla na sv\u016fj p\u016fvod. \u017did\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstali jedin\u00fdmi nositeli v\u00edry v prav\u00e9ho Boha, zachovali ve sv\u00e9m P\u00edsmu vzpom\u00ednku na ztracen\u00fd r\u00e1j.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dnes t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd zn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Adama a Evy, jak je pops\u00e1n v Bibli: pramatka v\u0161ech lid\u00ed sn\u011bdla zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 ovoce ze stromu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed dobra a zla a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2530,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[81],"class_list":["post-2528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zajimavosti","tag-2023-11","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2528"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2531,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2528\/revisions\/2531"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}