{"id":2287,"date":"2023-09-20T10:57:09","date_gmt":"2023-09-20T09:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=2287"},"modified":"2023-11-20T09:11:29","modified_gmt":"2023-11-20T08:11:29","slug":"jak-vznikaly-ikony-novomucedniku-ceskych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2023\/09\/20\/jak-vznikaly-ikony-novomucedniku-ceskych\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak vznikaly ikony novomu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f \u010desk\u00fdch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Rozhovor s ikonopiskou Mgr. Ludmilou Juzovou<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2021 vznikl n\u00e1pad vytvo\u0159it soupravu ikon ve form\u011b kivotu (z \u0159eck\u00e9ho \u03ba\u03b9\u03b2\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u2013 zdobn\u00e1 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ka nebo sklen\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159ihr\u00e1dka pro uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vystavov\u00e1n\u00ed ikon) zasv\u011bcenou jedin\u00e9mu t\u00e9matu \u2013 oslav\u011b velik\u00e9 ob\u011bti novomu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f \u010desk\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed polo\u017eili \u017eivot v obdob\u00ed nejkrut\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed c\u00edrkve, ale i cel\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda. Arcibiskup Michal, pokra\u010dovatel archijerejsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby na kated\u0159e sv\u00e9ho svat\u00e9ho p\u0159edch\u016fdce a zakladatele vladyky Gorazda II., se ve sv\u00fdch promluv\u00e1ch mnohokr\u00e1t pokou\u0161el p\u0159ibli\u017eovat v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm neoby\u010dejn\u00fd v\u00fdznam ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z katedr\u00e1ly Cyrila a Metod\u011bje v pra\u017esk\u00e9 Resslov\u011b ulici u\u010dinily m\u00edsto posv\u00e1tn\u00e9. Toto m\u00edsto sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9m vzep\u011bt\u00ed s\u00edly v\u00edry v P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista v dob\u011b takzvan\u00e9 heydrichi\u00e1dy. Pravoslavn\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 svou pevnou v\u00edrou a state\u010dnost\u00ed n\u00e1sledovali Krista. Jejich mu\u010dednictv\u00ed a svatost pr\u00e1v\u011b zde mus\u00ed hl\u00e1sat lid\u00e9, jinak zde o tom bude volat ka\u017ed\u00fd k\u00e1men (Luk\u00e1\u0161 19:40).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O projektu kivotu jsme hovo\u0159ili s ikonopiskou pra\u017esk\u00e9 pravoslavn\u00e9 eparchie Mgr. Ludmilou Juzovou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 ikony tvo\u0159\u00ed soubor na kivotu?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do souboru ikon byl samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vybr\u00e1n svat\u00fd novomu\u010dedn\u00edk biskup Gorazd II., jeho dva nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed spolupracovn\u00edci, kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed Vladim\u00edr Pet\u0159ek a V\u00e1clav \u010cikl, kte\u0159\u00ed slou\u017eili v na\u0161\u00ed katedr\u00e1le, dva z\u00e1stupci v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch a pra\u017esk\u00e9 pravoslavn\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed obce Jan Sonnevend a V\u00e1clav Ornest, kte\u0159\u00ed nab\u00eddli \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b \u010desk\u00fdm para\u0161utist\u016fm v krypt\u011b. Je t\u0159eba i v na\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b pohl\u00e9dnout prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ikon do tv\u00e1\u0159e osob, jejich\u017e utrpen\u00ed a state\u010dnost n\u00e1m v\u011b\u010dn\u011b bude p\u0159\u00edkladem. Dal\u0161\u00ed obrazy maj\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednat m\u00edsta mu\u010dednick\u00e9 smrti mnoha v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed byli ubiti nacisty v koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e Mauthausen a na dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech. Jejich jmen je mnoho, ale ka\u017ed\u00e9 si na tomto m\u00edst\u011b zaslou\u017e\u00ed \u010destnou p\u0159ipom\u00ednku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jak se da\u0159ilo projekt realizovat?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1ce trvala dva roky. K 80. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed mu\u010dednick\u00e9 smrti sv. novomu\u010dedn\u00edka biskupa Gorazda, tj. 4. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2022, byly dokon\u010deny a posv\u011bceny prvn\u00ed 3 ikony z pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho souboru (ikona sv. biskupa Gorazda II. a ikony dvou kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9ho katedr\u00e1ln\u00edho chr\u00e1mu \u2013 sv. Vladim\u00edra Pet\u0159eka, sv. V\u00e1clava \u010cikla), po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2023 byly dopln\u011bny dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b ikony \u010dlen\u016f pra\u017esk\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed obce (sv. Jan Sonnevend a sv. V\u00e1clav Ornest). V roce 2023 byly dokon\u010deny k slavn\u00e9mu datu v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed smrti sv. Gorazda dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i obrazy m\u00edst utrpen\u00ed pron\u00e1sledovan\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch vlastenc\u016f a pravoslavn\u00fdch v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch (katedr\u00e1la sv. Cyrila a Metod\u011bje, st\u0159elnice v Praze \u2013 Kobylis\u00edch a koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor Mauthausen). V\u0161echny ikony byly vlo\u017eeny do p\u016fvodn\u00edch historick\u00fdch r\u00e1m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010c\u00edm projekt za\u010dal?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ikonopisec p\u0159i zapo\u010det\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na ikon\u00e1ch se mus\u00ed sezn\u00e1mit s\u00a0\u017eivoty svat\u00fdch. Proto jsem nejd\u0159\u00edve nahl\u00ed\u017eela do historick\u00fdch dokument\u016f, literatury a pramen\u016f uchov\u00e1van\u00fdch v\u00a0archivu N\u00e1rodn\u00edho pam\u00e1tn\u00edku hrdin\u016f heydrichi\u00e1dy v\u00a0krypt\u011b pod katedr\u00e1lou sv. Cyrila a Metod\u011bje. Pracovn\u00edci Pam\u00e1tn\u00edku zodpov\u00eddali n\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a dotazovali se na podrobnosti sv\u00fdch koleg\u016f v\u00a0muzejn\u00edch pracovi\u0161t\u00edch p\u0159i koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1borech v\u00a0Terez\u00edn\u011b a v\u00a0rakousk\u00e9m Mauthausenu. \u0160ly mi p\u0159ed o\u010dima obrazy cel\u00fdch rodin a jejich osudy. V\u00a0Mauthausenu bylo popraveno 262 \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch vlastenc\u016f, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch a spolupracovn\u00edk\u016f para\u0161utist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edleli na atent\u00e1tu na zastupuj\u00edc\u00edho \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9ho protektora Reinharda Heydricha. Ov\u0161em zdaleka nejde o fin\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b na n\u00e1ro\u017e\u00edch Prahy visely seznamy p\u0159edstavitel\u016f elity \u010desk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda, spisovatel\u016f, v\u011bdc\u016f i docela nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch lid\u00ed zast\u0159elen\u00fdch v\u00a0Kobylis\u00edch. Znalosti biografick\u00e9 a faktografick\u00e9 je potom pot\u0159eba transformovat do kanonick\u00fdch zobrazen\u00ed. Poselstv\u00ed je t\u0159eba p\u0159etavit do \u0159e\u010di symbol\u016f a podob. Ka\u017ed\u00fd ikonopisec zn\u00e1 slo\u017eitost pr\u00e1ce, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se m\u00e1 vyj\u00e1d\u0159it vnit\u0159n\u00ed oslaven\u00e1 podoba osoby podle archivn\u00edch pramen\u016f. To opravdu nen\u00ed lehk\u00e9. P\u0159i zachov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00e1non\u016f je z\u00e1rove\u0148 t\u0159eba zachovat i podobnost lini\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159e podle fotografi\u00ed, ale nejde o portr\u00e9t v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m slova smyslu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdo se na projektu pod\u00edlel?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historiky u\u017e jsem zm\u00ednila. Na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b je ale t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 ikona se st\u00e1v\u00e1 ikonou pod duchovn\u00edm veden\u00edm vysv\u011bcen\u00e9 osoby, kter\u00e1 se v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu tvorby modl\u00ed, rad\u00ed a kontroluje v\u00fdtvarnou pr\u00e1ci ikonopisce, inspiruje ho od prvn\u00edch n\u00e1\u010drtk\u016f koncepce a\u017e po posledn\u00ed dotyk \u0161t\u011btce. Nakonec tak\u00e9 ikonu posv\u011bt\u00ed a teprve tehdy je d\u00edlo zavr\u0161eno. Teprve tehdy se ikona st\u00e1v\u00e1 ikonou. Duchovn\u00ed str\u00e1nka je tedy t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm. Ikonopisec mus\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vat v\u00a0pozad\u00ed, on je jen tich\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem n\u011b\u010deho, co je lidmi nal\u00e9z\u00e1no s\u00a0duchovn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed. A to je velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, proto\u017ee bez diskus\u00ed to prost\u011b nejde. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byl m\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm duchovn\u00edm pr\u016fvodcem a r\u00e1dcem vladyka Michal, on tak\u00e9 ikony p\u0159i liturgii posv\u011bcoval. Do projektu byli samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zapojeni i dal\u0161\u00ed duchovn\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u011b\u010d\u00edm p\u0159isp\u011bl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Projekt m\u011bl p\u0159irozen\u011b tak\u00e9 str\u00e1nku logistickou, organiza\u010dn\u00ed a technickou. V\u0161ichni, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bli k dokon\u010den\u00ed projektu, si zaslou\u017e\u00ed chv\u00e1lu a d\u00edk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Co se p\u0159i procesu tvorby takov\u00e9ho projektu d\u011bje?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tvo\u0159\u00edme-li ikonu svat\u00e9ho, nezapom\u00edn\u00e1me p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s lini\u00ed, \u017ee rysy tv\u00e1\u0159e odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed energii osoby, a to energii usebranou, skromnou, laskavou, miluj\u00edc\u00ed, tichou a navzdory tomu nesm\u00edrn\u011b silnou, p\u0159em\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echny s\u00edly bolesti a utrpen\u00ed, zla a nen\u00e1visti p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b. Stejn\u011b skromn\u011b a ti\u0161e ikonopisec klade na obraz linie, tahy \u0161t\u011btcem, do nich\u017e vkl\u00e1d\u00e1 svou nad\u011bji, \u017ee se pocit poselstv\u00ed \u017eivota a tv\u00e1\u0159e svat\u00e9ho aktivuje p\u0159i setk\u00e1n\u00ed s div\u00e1kem. Ka\u017ed\u00fd ikonopisec si moc p\u0159eje, aby div\u00e1k poc\u00edtil tu energii, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i tvorb\u011b objala celou du\u0161i ikonopisce, a aby div\u00e1k pochopil, \u017ee tato n\u011b\u017en\u00e1 a tich\u00e1 energie obj\u00edm\u00e1 p\u0159i modlitebn\u00ed chvilce i jeho. I j\u00e1 bych si to moc p\u0159\u00e1la.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je p\u0159i tvorb\u011b ikony nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nikoli co, ale kdo. V centru ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce je pro ikonopisce div\u00e1k, v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed, kter\u00fd p\u0159ed ikonou bude st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ikony je t\u0159eba harmonicky zakomponovat do interi\u00e9ru chr\u00e1mu, aby oslovovaly p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed. Ikonopisec p\u0159edem vn\u00edm\u00e1 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed ikony z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f a kontext\u016f, v jak\u00fdch bude p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed vn\u00edmat sv\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed s konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ikonou. V\u0161\u00edm\u00e1 si dop\u0159edu nejen pohyb\u016f n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edka v interi\u00e9ru, ale i souladu obvykl\u00fdch pohyb\u016f duchovn\u00edch b\u011bhem liturgie. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed p\u0159itom na barv\u00e1ch liturgick\u00fdch od\u011bv\u016f, na r\u016fzn\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch barevn\u00fdch odst\u00edn\u016f, pohybu slunce i um\u011bl\u00e9ho osv\u011btlen\u00ed. To v\u0161e se v proudu symbolick\u00fdch pohyb\u016f prom\u011b\u0148uje. Je t\u0159eba p\u0159edj\u00edmat dynamiku proud\u00edc\u00edch energi\u00ed, jak\u00e9 poci\u0165ujeme pouze v posv\u00e1tn\u00e9m prostoru chr\u00e1mu. Ohniskem pozornosti stavitele i ikonopisce je v\u017edy du\u0161e n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edka. Jde o to, co uvid\u00ed jako prvn\u00ed, jak se jeho o\u010di st\u0159etnou a potkaj\u00ed s pohledy zobrazen\u00fdch svat\u00fdch. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 nejen kompozice postavy na ikon\u011b, ale i jej\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v prostoru. Ikona v sob\u011b nese potenci\u00e1l aktivizovat imaginaci, rozum a p\u0159edstavy p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edho. Kdokoli p\u0159ijde a pohl\u00e9dne, otev\u00edr\u00e1 se mu mo\u017enost vstoupit do dialogu, kter\u00fd jeho du\u0161i prom\u011b\u0148uje, pozved\u00e1 ho k Bohu. Z chr\u00e1mu by si tedy m\u011bl odn\u00e9st n\u011bco, co by mohl pro\u017e\u00edvat jako nemateri\u00e1ln\u00ed obohacen\u00ed, zu\u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed. A aby se pak cht\u011bl do chr\u00e1mu a k rozv\u00edjen\u00ed vztahu s Bohem st\u00e1le ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b vracet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jde tedy o n\u00e1vrat k odkazu minulosti?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ten n\u00e1vrat, vc\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed se do utrpen\u00ed novomu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f tam tak\u00e9 hraje roli. Ti lid\u00e9 ne\u017eili v tak vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 dob\u011b, proto si jejich \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky i vzhledem k m\u00edstu, kam chod\u00edme na bohoslu\u017eby, dovedeme p\u0159edstavit. Ale n\u00e1vrat nen\u00ed to hlavn\u00ed. P\u0159ipom\u00ednka ob\u011bt\u00ed novomu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f \u010desk\u00fdch mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00fdzvou orientovanou do budoucna. M\u00e1 b\u00fdt posilou na na\u0161\u00ed duchovn\u00ed cest\u011b, ukazatelem v\u00edry, pravdy, cesty, state\u010dnosti a nad\u011bje pro generace sou\u010dasn\u00e9 i budouc\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rozhovor s ikonopiskou Mgr. Ludmilou Juzovou V roce 2021 vznikl n\u00e1pad vytvo\u0159it soupravu ikon ve form\u011b kivotu (z \u0159eck\u00e9ho \u03ba\u03b9\u03b2\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u2013 zdobn\u00e1 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ka nebo sklen\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159ihr\u00e1dka pro…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2290,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[78],"class_list":["post-2287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ikony","tag-2023-09","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2287"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2352,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2287\/revisions\/2352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2290"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}