{"id":2140,"date":"2023-06-16T13:43:35","date_gmt":"2023-06-16T12:43:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=2140"},"modified":"2023-08-07T13:43:49","modified_gmt":"2023-08-07T12:43:49","slug":"teologicky-slovnik-vseobecny-snem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2023\/06\/16\/teologicky-slovnik-vseobecny-snem\/","title":{"rendered":"Teologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk. V\u0161eobecn\u00fd sn\u011bm"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Sn\u011bm je shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm hierarch\u016f a z\u00e1stupc\u016f v\u0161ech pravoslavn\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch c\u00edrkv\u00ed. Jenom sn\u011bm m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo schvalovat dogmata c\u00edrkve, prohla\u0161ovat to \u010di ono u\u010den\u00ed za chybn\u00e9, heretick\u00e9 a \u010dinit jin\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro celou c\u00edrkev. Ze v\u0161ech sn\u011bm\u016f se jenom sedm naz\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 (prob\u011bhly mezi lety 325 a 787). Jejich v\u00fdsledkem bylo formov\u00e1n\u00ed pravoslavn\u00e9 dogmatiky. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se biskupov\u00e9 v\u0161ech m\u00edstn\u00edch c\u00edrkv\u00ed sch\u00e1zeli \u010dast\u011bji, ale n\u011bkdy jejich rozhodnut\u00ed byla p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na pod politick\u00fdm tlakem a n\u00e1sledn\u011b revidov\u00e1na. Proto term\u00edn \u201ev\u0161eobecn\u00fd\u201c tak\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 \u010dasem prov\u011b\u0159en\u00fd a v\u0161emi akceptovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozhodnut\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch sn\u011bm\u016f ve v\u011bcech v\u011brouky, z\u00e1konod\u00e1rstv\u00ed a c\u00edrkevn\u00ed k\u00e1zn\u011b jsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1na jako neomyln\u00e1 z toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci sn\u011bm\u016f nejednaj\u00ed sami o sob\u011b, ale prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Ducha Svat\u00e9ho; definice a pravidla v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch sn\u011bm\u016f se vztahuj\u00ed na v\u0161echny m\u00edstn\u00ed c\u00edrkve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Prvn\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00fd sn\u011bm \u2013 Nikajsk\u00fd, konal se v\u00a0roce 325<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Usnesen\u00ed sn\u011bmu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) Nikajsk\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry, kter\u00fdm se vyzn\u00e1v\u00e1 bo\u017estv\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>V\u011b\u0159\u00edme v jednoho Boha, v\u0161evl\u00e1dnouc\u00edho Otce, Stvo\u0159itele v\u0161eho viditeln\u00e9ho i neviditeln\u00e9ho. A v jednoho P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, jednorozen\u00e9ho Syna Bo\u017e\u00edho, zrozen\u00e9ho z Otce, to jest z podstaty Otce, B\u016fh z Boha, Sv\u011btlo ze Sv\u011btla, <strong>prav\u00fd B\u016fh z prav\u00e9ho Boha, zrozen\u00e9ho, ne stvo\u0159en\u00e9ho, jedn\u00e9 podstaty s Otcem<\/strong>, skrze n\u011bho\u017e v\u0161e vzniklo \u2013 to, co je na nebi, i to, co je na zemi -, kter\u00fd pro n\u00e1s lidi a pro na\u0161i sp\u00e1su sestoupil a vt\u011blil se, stal se \u010dlov\u011bkem, trp\u011bl a t\u0159et\u00edho dne vstal z mrtv\u00fdch, vystoupil na nebesa a p\u0159ijde soudit \u017eiv\u00e9 i mrtv\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A v&nbsp;Ducha Svat\u00e9ho.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ty v\u0161ak, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: \u201eByl \u010das, kdy nebyl\u201c a \u201ep\u0159ed sv\u00fdm zrozen\u00edm nebyl\u201c a \u017ee vznikl z&nbsp;nebyt\u00ed anebo z jin\u00e9 hypostaze nebo podstaty, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Bo\u017e\u00ed Syn podl\u00e9h\u00e1 zm\u011bn\u011b nebo prom\u011bn\u011b, ty v\u0161eobecn\u00e1 a apo\u0161tolsk\u00e1 c\u00edrkev anatematizuje.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) Odsouzen\u00ed ari\u00e1nstv\u00ed pop\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovo bo\u017estv\u00ed jako herezi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3) Snaha o sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi herezemi: novati\u00e1ni, meliti\u00e1ni (obdoby donatist\u016f) a omezen\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed Mel\u00e9tia z Lykopole, nutnost op\u011btovn\u00e9ho k\u0159tu pro pauli\u00e1ny, stoupence adopcionismu Pavla ze Samosaty<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4) Metoda pro v\u00fdpo\u010det data Velikonoc nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 na \u017eidovsk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i a pesachu. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaly dva zp\u016fsoby, \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd a alexandrijsk\u00fd, a nikajsk\u00fd koncil se rozhodl pro ten alexandrijsk\u00fd, kter\u00fd se u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5) Vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed patriarch\u00e1t\u016f \u2013 velk\u00fdch c\u00edrkevn\u00edch provinci\u00ed, nad kter\u00fdmi m\u011bli pravomoci biskupov\u00e9 v \u0158\u00edm\u011b, Antiochii a Alexandrii<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6) Formulov\u00e1n\u00ed kanonick\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f, po\u010d\u00e1tek kanonick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Druh\u00fd v\u0161eobecn\u00fd sn\u011bm \u2013 Konstantinopolsk\u00fd, konal se v\u00a0roce 381<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2.-snem-1024x545.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2141\" width=\"768\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2.-snem-1024x545.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2.-snem-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2.-snem-768x409.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2.-snem.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Usnesen\u00ed sn\u011bmu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) Potvrzen\u00ed Nikajsk\u00e9ho vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed a dopln\u011bn\u00ed ho u\u010den\u00edm o Duchu Svat\u00e9m. Tak vzniklo Nikajsko-Konstantinopolsk\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry, kter\u00e9 se dodnes \u010dte ve v\u0161ech pravoslavn\u00fdch chr\u00e1mech:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>V\u011b\u0159\u00edm v jednoho Boha, Otce, V\u0161evl\u00e1dce, Stvo\u0159itele nebe a zem\u011b, v\u0161eho viditeln\u00e9ho i neviditeln\u00e9ho.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I v jednoho P\u00e1na, Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, Syna Bo\u017e\u00edho, jednorozen\u00e9ho a z Otce zrozen\u00e9ho p\u0159ede v\u0161emi v\u011bky. Sv\u011btlo ze Sv\u011btla, Boha prav\u00e9ho z Boha prav\u00e9ho, rozen\u00e9ho, nestvo\u0159en\u00e9ho, jednobytn\u00e9ho s Otcem, skrze n\u011bho\u017e v\u0161e u\u010din\u011bno bylo. Jen\u017e pro n\u00e1s lidi a pro na\u0161e spasen\u00ed sestoupil s nebe, vt\u011blil se z Ducha Svat\u00e9ho a Marie Panny a \u010dlov\u011bkem se stal. Jen\u017e za n\u00e1s uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n byl pod Pontsk\u00fdm Pil\u00e1tem, trp\u011bl a poh\u0159ben byl. A t\u0159et\u00edho dne vstal z mrtv\u00fdch podle P\u00edsem. Vystoupil na nebesa a sed\u00ed po pravici Otce.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A znovu p\u0159ijde se sl\u00e1vou soudit \u017eiv\u00e9 i mrtv\u00e9; jeho Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebude (m\u00edt) konce.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I v <strong>Ducha Svat\u00e9ho, P\u00e1na, o\u017eivuj\u00edc\u00edho, jen\u017e z Otce vych\u00e1z\u00ed a s Otcem i Synem spoluct\u011bn a spoluoslavov\u00e1n jest a mluvil skrze proroky<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I v jednu svatou, obecnou a apo\u0161tolskou C\u00edrkev. Vyzn\u00e1v\u00e1m jeden k\u0159est na odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed h\u0159\u00edch\u016f. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1m vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch a \u017eivot v\u011bku budouc\u00edho. Amen.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) Definitivn\u00ed odsouzen\u00ed ari\u00e1nstv\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00fdch ari\u00e1nsk\u00fdch sekt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3) Odsouzen\u00ed apolinarismu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4) Odsouzen\u00ed hereze makedoni\u00e1n\u016f (duchoborc\u016f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5) Ustanoven\u00ed konstantinopolsk\u00e9ho biskupsk\u00e9ho stolce na druh\u00e9 m\u00edsto co do cti a d\u016fstojnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u0159et\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00fd sn\u011bm \u2013 Efezsk\u00fd, konal se v\u00a0roce 431<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3.-snem-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2142\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3.-snem-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3.-snem-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3.-snem-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3.-snem.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Usnesen\u00ed sn\u011bmu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) Odsouzen\u00ed myln\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed konstantinopolsk\u00e9ho patriarchy Nestoria. Sn\u011bm prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee P\u00e1n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 byl jedinou osobou, nikoli dv\u011bma odd\u011blen\u00fdmi osobami \u2013 zcela Bohem i zcela \u010dlov\u011bkem s racion\u00e1ln\u00ed du\u0161\u00ed a t\u011blem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) Vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed Panny Marie jako Bohorodice \u2013 Theotokos, proto\u017ee porodila tohoto Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, Boha a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3) Potvrzen\u00ed Nikajsko-konstantinopolsk\u00e9ho vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry a z\u00e1kaz dod\u00e1vat k&nbsp;n\u011bmu jak\u00e9koli p\u0159\u00eddavky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4) Odsouzen\u00ed pelagianismu \u2013 u\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ch\u00e1pe svobodu \u010dlov\u011bka jako zcela sv\u00e9pr\u00e1vnou skute\u010dnost, zavrhuje vliv h\u0159\u00edchu prarodi\u010d\u016f na potomky, podce\u0148uje s\u00edlu lidsk\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dostivosti v procesu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle Pelagia, zakladatele tohoto myln\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed, Adam sv\u00fdm h\u0159\u00edchem pouze dal lidem \u0161patn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad, Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Kristus pak dal jen dobr\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad k n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pelagianismus pop\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee by \u010dlov\u011bk pot\u0159eboval zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed milost k tomu, aby byl schopen dobra a sp\u00e1sy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u010ctvrt\u00fd v\u0161eobecn\u00fd sn\u011bm \u2013 Chalkedonsk\u00fd, konal se v&nbsp;roce 451<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Usnesen\u00ed sn\u011bmu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) Odsouzen\u00ed hereze monofyzitismu, podle n\u00ed\u017e Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Kristus m\u011bl pouze jedinou, bo\u017eskou p\u0159irozenost anebo jeho lidsk\u00e1 p\u0159irozenost byla zcela pohlcena bo\u017eskou, a jej\u00edch \u010dinitel\u016f \u2013 alexandrijsk\u00e9ho patriarchy Dioskora a konstantinopolsk\u00e9ho archimandrity Eutycha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) Chalkedonsk\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 potvrdilo dv\u011b p\u0159irozenosti v&nbsp;Kristu \u2013 bo\u017eskou a lidskou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My pak, n\u00e1sleduj\u00edce svat\u00fdch Otc\u016f v\u0161ichni jednomysln\u011b u\u010d\u00edme lidi, aby vyzn\u00e1vali jednoho a t\u00e9ho\u017e Syna, na\u0161eho P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, jak dokonal\u00e9ho v bo\u017estv\u00ed, tak dokonal\u00e9ho v lidstv\u00ed, <strong>prav\u00e9ho Boha a prav\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka<\/strong>, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 rozumovou du\u0161i a t\u011blo, soupodstatn\u00e9ho s Otcem co do bo\u017estv\u00ed a soupodstatn\u00e9ho s n\u00e1mi co do lidstv\u00ed, jen\u017e byl ve v\u0161em jako my, krom\u011b h\u0159\u00edchu, jen\u017e byl po\u010dat p\u0159ede v\u0161emi v\u011bky z Otce podle bo\u017estv\u00ed a v t\u011bchto posledn\u00edch dnech za n\u00e1s a za na\u0161i sp\u00e1su narozen\u00e9ho z Panny Marie, Matky Bo\u017e\u00ed, co do lidstv\u00ed, jednoho a t\u00e9ho\u017e Krista, Syna, P\u00e1na, jednorozen\u00e9ho, aby lid\u00e9 uzn\u00e1vali, \u017ee m\u00e1 dv\u011b p\u0159irozenosti, <strong>nesm\u00ed\u0161en\u011b, nem\u011bnn\u011b, nerozd\u00edln\u011b a neodd\u011bliteln\u011b<\/strong>, a \u017ee toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159irozenost\u00ed nen\u00ed nijak zru\u0161eno jejich spojen\u00edm, av\u0161ak \u017ee vlastnost ka\u017ed\u00e9 z p\u0159irozenost\u00ed z\u016fstala uchov\u00e1na, a je p\u0159\u00edtomna v jedn\u00e9 osob\u011b a subsistenci, neodlou\u010dena ani nerozd\u011blena do dvou osob, av\u0161ak v jednom a t\u00e9m\u017e Synu, jednorozen\u00e9m, Bohu-Slovu, P\u00e1nu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i Kristu, jak o n\u011bm od po\u010d\u00e1tku stanovili proroci a jak n\u00e1s s\u00e1m P\u00e1n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Kristus nau\u010dil a jak n\u00e1m to p\u0159edalo Vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed svat\u00fdch Otc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chalkedonsk\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed se stalo bodem rozkolu, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed p\u0159ekon\u00e1n dodnes. Zde maj\u00ed sv\u016fj po\u010d\u00e1tek tzv. orient\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edrkve, kter\u00e9 po\u0159\u00e1d odm\u00edtaj\u00ed usnesen\u00ed sn\u011bmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3) Kanonick\u00e1 pravidla t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se c\u00edrkevn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P\u00e1t\u00fd v\u0161eobecn\u00fd sn\u011bm \u2013 Konstantinopolsk\u00fd, konal se v&nbsp;roce 553<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Usnesen\u00ed sn\u011bmu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed ot\u00e1zek, je\u017e vyvstaly rozhodnut\u00edm Chalkedonsk\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu. P\u0159ijet\u00ed pojmu <em>vhypostazov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em> (\u03ad\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd). Tento pojem byl zaveden Leontiem Byzantsk\u00fdm jako pln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odhalen\u00ed pojm\u016f vt\u011blen\u00ed. V pravoslavn\u00e9 teologii znamen\u00e1 p\u0159ijet\u00ed druhou hypost\u00e1z\u00ed Svat\u00e9 Trojice, Bo\u017e\u00edm Slovem, lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159irozenosti, osvojen\u00ed stvo\u0159en\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159irozenosti nestvo\u0159enou Bo\u017eskou Osobou (hypost\u00e1z\u00ed) Jednorozen\u00e9ho Syna Bo\u017e\u00edho. Vhypostazov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159irozenosti znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v Boho\u010dlov\u011bku Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i Kristu jsou dv\u011b p\u0159irozenosti \u2013 bo\u017esk\u00e1 a lidsk\u00e1 v jednot\u011b Bo\u017esk\u00e9 Osoby Boha Slova. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, v Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i Kristu p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1 ve\u0161ker\u00e1 plnost lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159irozenosti, ale nen\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 osoba, m\u00edsto n\u00ed je Osoba (hypostasis) Jednorozen\u00e9ho Syna Bo\u017e\u00edho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) Odsouzen\u00ed tzv. T\u0159ech kapitol \u2013 teolog\u016f antiochijsk\u00e9 \u0161koly Ibbase z Edessy (\u2020 457), Theodor\u00e9ta Kyrsk\u00e9ho (\u2020 466) a Theodora z Mopsuestie (\u2020 428) a jejich spis\u016f, kter\u00e9 obsahovaly nestori\u00e1nsk\u00e9 omyly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3) Odsouzen\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed o preexistenci du\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 od 3. stolet\u00ed zast\u00e1val \u00d3rigen\u00e9s a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jeho \u017e\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0160est\u00fd v\u0161eobecn\u00fd sn\u011bm \u2013 Konstantinopolsk\u00fd, konal se v\u00a0roce 680<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/6.-snem-1024x596.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2143\" width=\"768\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/6.-snem-1024x596.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/6.-snem-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/6.-snem-768x447.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/6.-snem.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Usnesen\u00ed sn\u011bmu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) Odsouzen\u00ed herez\u00ed monotheletismu a monoenergismu. Monotheletismus u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee Kristus m\u00e1 jen jednu v\u016fli \u2013 bo\u017eskou, a monoenergismus tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v&nbsp;Kristu je pouze jedno bo\u017esk\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed \u2013 energie. Sn\u011bm rozhodl, \u017ee v\u016fle a p\u016fsoben\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159irozenosti, nikoliv osob\u011b, a proto v&nbsp;Kristu jsou dv\u011b v\u016fle a dv\u011b p\u016fsoben\u00ed. Jeho lidsk\u00e1 v\u016fle je dobrovoln\u011b podrobena v\u016fli bo\u017esk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sedm\u00fd v\u0161eobecn\u00fd sn\u011bm \u2013 Nikajsk\u00fd, konal se v&nbsp;roce 787<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Usnesen\u00ed sn\u011bmu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) Odsouzen\u00ed hereze ikonoborectv\u00ed a ukon\u010den\u00ed prvn\u00ed f\u00e1ze ikonoboreck\u00fdch spor\u016f. Sn\u011bm rozhodl, \u017ee ikon\u00e1m n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed pouze uctiv\u00e9 klan\u011bn\u00ed, a prav\u00e1 \u00facta pouze Bohu. Definitivn\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad ikonoborectv\u00edm bylo dosa\u017eeno v\u00a0roce 843 na sn\u011bmu v\u00a0Konstantinopoli svolan\u00e9m c\u00edsa\u0159ovnou Theodorou. Na pam\u00e1tku kone\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad herez\u00ed byl ustanoven sv\u00e1tek V\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed pravoslav\u00ed, kter\u00fd se v pravoslavn\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi dodnes slav\u00ed prvn\u00ed ned\u011bli Velk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/7.-snem-1024x749.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2144\" width=\"768\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/7.-snem-1024x749.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/7.-snem-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/7.-snem-768x561.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/7.-snem.jpg 1231w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sn\u011bm je shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm hierarch\u016f a z\u00e1stupc\u016f v\u0161ech pravoslavn\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch c\u00edrkv\u00ed. Jenom sn\u011bm m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo schvalovat dogmata c\u00edrkve, prohla\u0161ovat to \u010di ono u\u010den\u00ed za chybn\u00e9, heretick\u00e9&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2145,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[75],"class_list":["post-2140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-verouka","tag-2023-06","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2140"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2146,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2140\/revisions\/2146"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}