{"id":20,"date":"2021-09-08T11:24:54","date_gmt":"2021-09-08T10:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=20"},"modified":"2021-11-10T13:53:17","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T12:53:17","slug":"svata-ludmila-zivot-a-ikonografie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/09\/08\/svata-ludmila-zivot-a-ikonografie\/","title":{"rendered":"Svat\u00e1 Ludmila: \u017divot a ikonografie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Letos si na\u0161e pravoslavn\u00e1 c\u00edrkev p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 1100. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed mu\u010dednick\u00e9 smrti svat\u00e9 kn\u011b\u017eny Ludmily. Modl\u00edme se k&nbsp;n\u00ed a pros\u00edme na\u0161i svatou patronku, aby se za n\u00e1s p\u0159imlouvala u Boha. Slou\u017e\u00edme bohoslu\u017eby v&nbsp;chr\u00e1mech zasv\u011bcen\u00fdch t\u00e9to sv\u011btici a potk\u00e1v\u00e1me jej\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00e1 vyobrazen\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na ka\u017ed\u00e9m kroku. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro \u010deskou kulturu, d\u011bjiny a st\u00e1tnost lze jen t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159ecenit. Je matkou \u010desk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda, pomocnic\u00ed chud\u00fdch a nuzn\u00fdch, zachr\u00e1nkyn\u00ed v\u0161ech, kdo se na ni obrac\u00ed s&nbsp;up\u0159\u00edmnou modlitbou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale od doby svat\u00e9 Ludmily n\u00e1s d\u011bl\u00ed v\u00edc ne\u017e tis\u00edc let. Kolik toho o \u017eivot\u011b na\u0161\u00ed patronky v\u00edme z&nbsp;d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f? A jak vznikala jej\u00ed ikonografick\u00e1 zobrazen\u00ed? Pod\u00edvejme se do odborn\u00fdch studi\u00ed.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u017divot svat\u00e9 Ludmily podle p\u00edsemn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017divot sv. Ludmily, jen\u017e se do dne\u0161n\u00ed doby nedochoval, byl naps\u00e1n v&nbsp;polovin\u011b 70. let 10. stolet\u00ed, kdy bylo z\u0159\u00edzeno pra\u017esk\u00e9 biskupstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebovalo sv\u00e9 svat\u00e9 patrony. K&nbsp;takov\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru dosp\u011bli badatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed prostudovali materi\u00e1ly v\u011bnovan\u00e9 sv. Ludmile. Liter\u00e1rn\u00edm vzorem pro tento \u017eivotopis byl \u017eivotopis sv. Emmerama (Jimrama), bavorsk\u00e9ho sv\u011btce z&nbsp;\u0158ezna. Za zlomky tohoto nedochovan\u00e9ho \u017eivotopisu sv. Ludmily lze pova\u017eovat dva texty: kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u017eivotopis Ludmily, jen\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 slovy \u201eFuit in provinciae Boemorum\u201c, a \u017eivotopis zahrnut\u00fd do starorusk\u00e9ho Prologu. Tento zdroj byl tak\u00e9 \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v&nbsp;90. letech X. stolet\u00ed p\u0159i psan\u00ed Kristi\u00e1novy legendy, zde text p\u016fvodn\u00edho zdroje pro\u0161el stylistickou \u00fapravou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zpr\u00e1vy o sv. Ludmile jsou tak\u00e9 obsa\u017eeny v \u017eivotopisech jej\u00edho vnuka sv. V\u00e1clava: v&nbsp;\u017eivotopisu, jen\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 slovy \u201eCrescente fide\u201c, napsan\u00e9m na konci 10. st. biskupem Mantovy Gumpoldem, a v \u201eLegend\u011b Nikolsk\u00e9ho\u201c \u2013 kompilaci z 11. st., mezi jej\u00edmi\u017e zdroji, jak v\u011b\u0159\u00ed badatel\u00e9, byl \u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed text \u201eCrescente &#8230;\u201c. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace tak\u00e9 obsahuje slovansk\u00fd \u017eivotopis sv. V\u00e1clava, kter\u00fd se zachoval ve starorusk\u00fdch opisech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V legend\u011b \u201eFuit &#8230;\u201c je uvedeno, \u017ee sv. Ludmila zem\u0159ela v 61. roce sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota, tzn., \u017ee se narodila kolem roku 860. V&nbsp;r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch se informace o jej\u00edm p\u016fvodu li\u0161\u00ed. Kristi\u00e1nova legenda prav\u00ed, \u017ee byla dcerou Slavibora, kn\u00ed\u017eete kmene P\u0161ovan\u016f (na \u00fazem\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, pobl\u00ed\u017e m\u011bsta M\u011bln\u00edk). V&nbsp;\u017eivotopise ze starorusk\u00e9ho&nbsp;Prologu je Ludmila dcerou srbsk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eete, vl\u00e1dce lu\u017eick\u00fdch Srb\u016f. Podle badatel\u016f se provdala za Bo\u0159ivoje, kn\u00ed\u017eete kmene \u010cech\u016f, v 70. letech 9. stolet\u00ed. Bo\u0159ivoj byl pok\u0159t\u011bn apo\u0161tol\u016fm rovn\u00fdm Metod\u011bjem na dvo\u0159e Svatopluka Velkomoravsk\u00e9ho, patrn\u011b na za\u010d\u00e1tku 80. let 9. stolet\u00ed. Spolu s n\u00edm nebo kr\u00e1tce po jeho n\u00e1vratu do \u010cech byla pok\u0159t\u011bna i Ludmila. Zdroje zachovaly m\u00e1lo informac\u00ed o \u017eivot\u011b Ludmily za vl\u00e1dy Bo\u0159ivoje (zem\u0159el p\u0159ed rokem 890) a jejich syn\u016f \u2013 Spytihn\u011bva a Vratislava I. Zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 se pouze jej\u00ed dobro\u010dinnost, za kterou utr\u00e1cela p\u0159\u00edjmy z&nbsp;j\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blen\u00e9ho majetku, a jej\u00ed z\u00e1\u0161tita nad kn\u011b\u017e\u00edmi, z nich\u017e byl sv. Ludmile zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdm presbyter Pavel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00edce informac\u00ed o sv. Ludmile se ve zdroj\u00edch objevuje, teprve kdy\u017e se mluv\u00ed o v\u00fdchov\u011b Vratislavova syna V\u00e1clava. V&nbsp;textu slovansk\u00e9ho \u017eivota sv. V\u00e1clava se p\u00ed\u0161e o tom, \u017ee Ludmila nechala vyu\u010dovat vnuka podle slovansk\u00fdch knih, tj. vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat ho v&nbsp;slovansk\u00e9m p\u00edsmu. Tato zpr\u00e1va je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vysv\u011btlit n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti popsan\u00e9 v&nbsp;\u0159ad\u011b hagiografick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak je pops\u00e1no v Kristi\u00e1nov\u011b legend\u011b, po smrti kn\u00ed\u017eete Vratislava \u010desk\u00e1 \u0161lechta shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 v&nbsp;Praze p\u0159edala jeho syny, V\u00e1clava a Boleslava, do v\u00fdchovy sv. Ludmile. To zp\u016fsobilo ostrou nespokojenost Drahom\u00edry, vdovy po zesnul\u00e9m kn\u00ed\u017eeti, a j\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f \u0161lechty. Drahom\u00edra se ob\u00e1vala, \u017ee Ludmila vyu\u017eije sv\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed k uchopen\u00ed moci. Nav\u00edc texty \u017eivota sv. V\u00e1clava \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee nebyla spokojena s v\u00fdchovou, kterou dost\u00e1val pod dohledem Ludmily V\u00e1clav. Drahom\u00ed\u0159iny obavy jsou pln\u011b pops\u00e1ny v textu Legendy Nikolsk\u00e9ho, prav\u00ed se zde o tom, \u017ee Ludmila a kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed vychov\u00e1vaj\u00ed V\u00e1clava sp\u00ed\u0161e jako budouc\u00edho mnicha ne\u017e jako kn\u00ed\u017eete. Podle Kristi\u00e1novy legendy se Ludmila s kn\u011b\u017e\u00edmi v\u010detn\u011b Pavla (zjevn\u011b po st\u0159etech, ke kter\u00fdm do\u0161lo) odebrala do m\u011bsta Tet\u00edn v zemi P\u0161ovan\u016f (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b to bylo jej\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Popisu n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v&nbsp;\u017eivotopise sv. V\u00e1clava a Kristi\u00e1nov\u011b legend\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o vidin\u011b V\u00e1clava, ve kter\u00e9 spat\u0159il zpusto\u0161en\u00fd a zni\u010den\u00fd d\u016fm kn\u011bze Pavla a pochopil tento sen jako p\u0159edzv\u011bst budouc\u00edch ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed hroz\u00edc\u00edch sv. Ludmile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed ud\u00e1losti jsou stru\u010dn\u011b pops\u00e1ny v \u017eivot\u011b sv. V\u00e1clava a podrobn\u011bji v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b sv. Ludmily a Kristi\u00e1nov\u011b legend\u011b. Drahom\u00edra poslala do Tet\u00edna odd\u00edl voj\u00e1k\u016f veden\u00fd jej\u00edmi d\u016fv\u011brn\u00edky Tunnou a Gommonem, aby zavra\u017edili Ludmilu. Ludmila ji\u017e p\u0159edv\u00eddala, co se stane, proto na\u0159\u00eddila kn\u011bzi Pavlovi, aby slou\u017eil liturgii, b\u011bhem n\u00ed\u017e se vyzpov\u00eddala a p\u0159ijala svat\u00e9 tajiny. 15. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 921 Drahom\u00ed\u0159ini dru\u017ein\u00edci vpadli na n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed Ludmilina domu. V\u0161echny t\u0159i texty uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee Ludmila \u017e\u00e1dala o st\u011bt\u00ed me\u010dem, ale vrahov\u00e9 ji u\u0161krtili. V&nbsp;Kristi\u00e1nov\u011b legend\u011b a legend\u011b \u201eFuit &#8230;\u201c se hovo\u0159\u00ed o u\u0161krcen\u00ed kn\u011b\u017eny provazem, ale v&nbsp;\u017eivot\u011b z Prologu se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee byla u\u0161krcena vlastn\u00edm \u0161\u00e1tkem nebo z\u00e1vojem (podle jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f \u0161\u00e1lou). N\u00e1sledn\u011b byla \u010d\u00e1st jej\u00edho z\u00e1voje ulo\u017eena v chr\u00e1mu sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed spolu s ostatky svat\u00fdch. Kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed uprchli, jejich majetek byl vyplen\u011bn. Jak je uvedeno v&nbsp;\u017eivot\u011b z&nbsp;Prologu, sv. Ludmila byla poh\u0159bena u m\u011bstsk\u00e9 zdi; na m\u00edst\u011b jej\u00edho hrobu byly opakovan\u011b vid\u011bt ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00edce a slepec nabyl zraku, kdy\u017e se dotkl hrobu. V Kristi\u00e1nov\u011b legend\u011b se tak\u00e9 p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee&nbsp;Ludmiliny ostatky kr\u00e1sn\u011b von\u011bly. Drahom\u00edra, je\u017e se dozv\u011bd\u011bla o z\u00e1zrac\u00edch, na\u0159\u00eddila postavit nad hrobem chr\u00e1m archand\u011bla Michaela, aby z\u00e1zraky byly p\u0159ipisov\u00e1ny p\u016fsoben\u00ed ostatk\u016f svat\u00fdch ulo\u017een\u00fdch v chr\u00e1mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vra\u017eda sv. Ludmily je, i kdy\u017e jen kr\u00e1tce, pops\u00e1na v \u017eivotopise sv. V\u00e1clava, ale p\u0159enesen\u00ed jej\u00edch ostatk\u016f do Prahy na rozkaz vnuka je zm\u00edn\u011bno pouze v&nbsp;\u017eivotopise sv. Ludmily z Prologu a o n\u011bco podrobn\u011bji v Kristi\u00e1nov\u011b legend\u011b. Zde se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 vyslan\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eetem v \u010dele s&nbsp;kn\u011bzem Pavlem otev\u0159eli hrob 19. \u0159\u00edjna 925, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dili se o neporu\u0161enosti ostatk\u016f sv\u011btice a 21. \u0159\u00edjna je p\u0159ivezli do Prahy. Zde 10. listopadu ostatky byly slavnostn\u011b poh\u0159beny v chr\u00e1mu sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed vysv\u011bcen\u00e9m duchovenstvem z \u0158ezna. P\u0159i p\u0159enesen\u00ed ostatk\u016f do chr\u00e1mu se stal dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1zrak \u2013 vzp\u0159\u00edmil se shrben\u00fd mu\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozvoj \u00facty ke sv. Ludmile ovlivnil fakt, \u017ee v polovin\u011b 70. let 10. stolet\u00ed byl chr\u00e1m sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1n \u017eensk\u00e9mu benediktinsk\u00e9mu kl\u00e1\u0161teru, kde prvn\u00ed abaty\u0161\u00ed byla sestra \u010desk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eete Boleslava II. Pam\u00e1tka sv. Ludmily se slavila v den jej\u00edho zesnut\u00ed (16. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed) a v den p\u0159enesen\u00ed jej\u00edch ostatk\u016f. Studium rann\u00edch menologi\u00ed (sb\u00edrek \u017eivotopis\u016f sv\u011btc\u016f, uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch podle kalend\u00e1\u0159e jejich p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f) uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee zpo\u010d\u00e1tku druh\u00fd sv\u00e1tek byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V Kristi\u00e1nov\u011b legend\u011b jsou Ludmila a jej\u00ed vnuk V\u00e1clav naz\u00fdv\u00e1ni hlavn\u00edmi \u010desk\u00fdmi sv\u011btci. Kult sv. Ludmily se v\u0161ak neutvrdil jako v\u0161eobecn\u00fd pro cel\u00e9 \u010cechy hned. V&nbsp;Kosmov\u011b kronice se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee v&nbsp;roce 1100 pra\u017esk\u00fd biskup He\u0159man vyj\u00e1d\u0159il pochybnosti o svatosti Ludmily, a dokonce na\u0159\u00eddil hodit do ohn\u011b \u010d\u00e1st jej\u00edho z\u00e1voje ulo\u017een\u00e9ho v&nbsp;kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e, l\u00e1tka nesho\u0159ela a on sv\u00e9 pochybnosti opustil. P\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru v Praze v roce 1142 biskupov\u00e9 nezaznamenali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1zraky spojen\u00e9 s hrobkou sv. Ludmily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 12. stolet\u00ed se kult sv. Ludmily \u0161\u00ed\u0159il a upev\u0148oval se. Ji\u017e v prvn\u00edch brevi\u00e1\u0159\u00edch napsan\u00fdch v kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed v&nbsp;polovin\u011b 12. stolet\u00ed jsou um\u00edst\u011bny texty bohoslu\u017eeb \u010dten\u00fdch v den mu\u010dednick\u00e9 smrti a v den p\u0159enesen\u00ed ostatk\u016f sv. Ludmily. V letech 1158 a 1165 pra\u017esk\u00fd biskup Daniel vlo\u017eil \u010d\u00e1stice ostatk\u016f sv\u011btice do olt\u00e1\u0159\u016f n\u011bkolika j\u00edm zalo\u017een\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f. Na konci 12. stolet\u00ed do rukopisu sv. Augustina \u201eDe civitate Dei\u201c byl vedle obraz\u016f jin\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch sv\u011btc\u016f um\u00edst\u011bn obraz sv. Ludmily. V&nbsp;13. stolet\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b \u010desk\u00fdch m\u011bst vznikly chr\u00e1my zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 Ludmile. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 14. stolet\u00ed bylo stanoveno, \u017ee dny jej\u00ed smrti a p\u0159enesen\u00ed ostatk\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt oslavov\u00e1ny na cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9ho biskupstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sv. Ludmila byla zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b uct\u00edv\u00e1na za vl\u00e1dy Karla IV. Pro 15. stolet\u00ed je charakteristick\u00fd ur\u010dit\u00fd pokles \u00facty ke sv. Ludmile. Ale ji\u017e ve 2. polovin\u011b 16. stolet\u00ed hlavn\u00edmi centry \u00facty ke sv\u011btici vedle Prahy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed b\u00fdt Tet\u00edn, M\u011bln\u00edk a Star\u00e1 Boleslav. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b vznikaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 sochy svat\u00e9 kn\u011b\u017eny, fresky zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed sc\u00e9ny z jej\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 1981 hrobka sv. Ludmily byla otev\u0159ena. Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edch ostatk\u016f potvrdilo sv\u011bdectv\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00fdch pramen\u016f o v\u011bku sv\u011btice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na Rusi se o sv. Ludmile dozv\u011bd\u011bli d\u00edky kr\u00e1tk\u00e9mu \u017eivotopisu ve starorusk\u00e9m Prologu z 2. poloviny 12. stolet\u00ed. V\u011bdci se v\u0161ak domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee se \u017eivotopis svat\u00e9 objevil na Rusi d\u0159\u00edve, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v 11. stolet\u00ed, d\u00edky kontakt\u016fm mezi rusk\u00fdmi mnichy a bratry S\u00e1zavsk\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroje<\/strong>: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum. Praha, 1873. T. 1. S. 144-145, 153-154, 184-185; 1874. T. 2. S. 235-237; \u0421\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0427\u0435\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441-\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0441. \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/ \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b., \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442. \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440.: \u0410. \u0418. \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432. \u041c., 1970. \u0421. 36-37, 76-77, 107-108; Cosmae Pragensis Chronica Boemorum \/\/ MGH. Script. Rer. Germ. NS. T. 2. P. 171; Kristi\u00e1nova legenda \/ Ed. J. Ludv\u00edkovsky. Praha, 1978. S. 40-43.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Literatura<\/strong>: Stejskal F. Sv. Ludmila, jej\u00ed doba a \u00facta. Praha, 1918; Borkovsk\u00fd I. Svatoji\u0159sk\u00e1 bazilika a kl\u00e1\u0161ter na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b. Praha, 1975. S. 66-67; Profantov\u00e1 N. Kn\u011b\u017ena Ludmila: Vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b a sv\u011btice, zakladatelka rodu. Praha, 1996; T\u0159e\u0161t\u00edk D. Po\u010d\u00e1tky P\u0159emyslovc\u016f. Praha, 1997; Nomine Ludmila: Sborn\u00edk pr\u00e1ci k poct\u011b sv. Ludmily. M\u011bln\u00edk, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B. N. Florja (Pravoslavn\u00e1 encyklopedie)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ikonografie sv. Ludmily<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sv. Ludmila b\u00fdv\u00e1 zobrazov\u00e1na v dlouh\u00e9m \u0161atu s hlavou pokrytou z\u00e1vojem, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed \u010dapkou. Jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm atributem je sto\u010den\u00fd z\u00e1voj nebo \u0161\u00e1l kolem krku, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b provaz, kter\u00fd dr\u017e\u00ed v ruce. \u010casto b\u00fdv\u00e1 zobrazov\u00e1na spolu s mal\u00fdm sv. V\u00e1clavem, kter\u00e9ho vyu\u010duje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;12.\u201313. stolet\u00ed se v&nbsp;k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u00edlech na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cech autentick\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed sy\u017eety nevyskytuj\u00ed. Vznik prvn\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch zobrazen\u00ed sv. Ludmily spad\u00e1 do 14. stolet\u00ed \u2013 doby rozkv\u011btu \u010desk\u00e9ho gotick\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed za vl\u00e1dy Karla IV. Po Karlov\u011b korunovaci v&nbsp;\u0158\u00edm\u011b v&nbsp;roce 1355 se Praha stala hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 a jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1_Mistr-Theodorik.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"723\" data-lbwps-height=\"956\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1_Mistr-Theodorik-227x300.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"956\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1_Mistr-Theodorik.jpg\" alt=\"sv. Ludmila\" data-id=\"21\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1_Mistr-Theodorik.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/09\/08\/svata-ludmila-zivot-a-ikonografie\/1_mistr-theodorik\/#main\" class=\"wp-image-21\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1_Mistr-Theodorik.jpg 723w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1_Mistr-Theodorik-227x300.jpg 227w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Nejstar\u0161\u00ed obraz sv. Ludmily (polovina \u2013 2. t\u0159etina 14. stolet\u00ed) z d\u00edlny mistra Theodorika<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V letech 1348\u20131365 v 50 km od Prahy byl postaven hrad Karl\u0161tejn, kde c\u00edsa\u0159 ulo\u017eil sv\u00e9 korunovac\u00ed klenoty. V kapli svat\u00e9ho K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee na Karl\u0161tejn\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed nejstar\u0161\u00ed obraz sv. Ludmily (polovina \u2013 2. t\u0159etina 14. stolet\u00ed) z d\u00edlny mistra Theodorika, p\u0159edn\u00edho p\u0159edstavitele \u010desk\u00e9 gotick\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 \u0161koly. Sv\u011btice je zobrazena jako star\u0161\u00ed \u017eena se svatoz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed; m\u00e1 ruce slo\u017een\u00e9 k modlitb\u011b: toto gesto se tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje jako projev pokory. Ludmila je oble\u010dena do st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho evropsk\u00e9ho \u0161atu typick\u00e9ho pro vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed vrstvu. Na hlav\u011b m\u00e1 \u0161\u00e1tek a \u201egebinde\u201c \u2013 tuhou \u010delenku zakr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st hlavy a bradu. B\u00edl\u00e1 barva pokr\u00fdvky hlavy nazna\u010duje vysok\u00e9 postaven\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti; spodn\u00ed \u0161aty s \u00fazk\u00fdmi ruk\u00e1vy a pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 jsou modr\u00e9. Mistr p\u0159idal do obrazu ikonografick\u00fd prvek spojen\u00fd s \u017eivotopisem, kter\u00fd se pozd\u011bji stal st\u00e1l\u00fdm: sto\u010den\u00fd \u0161\u00e1l na krku, kter\u00fdm byla sv. Ludmila u\u0161krcena; konce \u0161\u00e1lu p\u0159esahuj\u00ed obraz a sahaj\u00ed k pol\u00edm ikony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mistr Theodorik je tak\u00e9 autorem malby v prostoru to\u010dit\u00e9ho schodi\u0161t\u011b vedouc\u00edho ke kapli svat\u00e9ho K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee: na klenb\u00e1ch jsou and\u011bl\u00e9 s hudebn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji, Veroni\u010din z\u00e1voj; na zdi vpravo je cyklus 28 epizod ze \u017eivota sv. V\u00e1clava, vlevo \u2013 9 sc\u00e9n ze \u017eivota sv. Ludmily. V horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti schodi\u0161t\u011b je kompozice spojuj\u00edc\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed \u010detn\u00fdch kn\u00ed\u017eat a kn\u011b\u017een z p\u0159emyslovsk\u00e9ho rodu; v\u0161ichni kle\u010d\u00ed a dr\u017e\u00ed v rukou liturgick\u00e9 knihy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na ji\u017en\u00ed fas\u00e1d\u011b katedr\u00e1ly sv. V\u00edta na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b, nad Zlatou br\u00e1nou, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mozaika \u201ePosledn\u00ed soud\u201c (70. l\u00e9ta 14. stolet\u00ed). Sv. Ludmila je zde zobrazena mezi dal\u0161\u00edmi patrony \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b \u2013 Prokopem, V\u00edtem, Zikmundem, V\u00e1clavem, Vojt\u011bchem. Sv\u011btci kle\u010d\u00ed a modl\u00ed se ke Kristu v mandorle nesen\u00e9 and\u011bly. N\u00ed\u017ee jsou zobrazen\u00ed Karla IV. a jeho man\u017eelky Al\u017eb\u011bty Pomo\u0159ansk\u00e9. Ludmila m\u00e1 na sob\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 tradici pokr\u00fdvku hlavy, modr\u00e9 \u0161aty, a zelen\u00e9 spodn\u00ed \u0161aty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2_Posledni-soud.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"3901\" data-lbwps-height=\"2664\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2_Posledni-soud-300x205.jpg\" data-lbwps-caption=\"Mozaika \u201ePosledn\u00ed soud\u201c ze 70. let 14. stolet\u00ed na ji\u017en\u00ed fas\u00e1d\u011b katedr\u00e1ly sv. V\u00edta na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"699\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2_Posledni-soud-1024x699.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"22\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2_Posledni-soud-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/09\/08\/svata-ludmila-zivot-a-ikonografie\/2_posledni-soud\/#main\" class=\"wp-image-22\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2_Posledni-soud-1024x699.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2_Posledni-soud-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2_Posledni-soud-768x524.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2_Posledni-soud-1536x1049.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2_Posledni-soud-2048x1399.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2_Posledni-soud-1920x1311.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Mozaika \u201ePosledn\u00ed soud\u201c ze 70. let 14. stolet\u00ed na ji\u017en\u00ed fas\u00e1d\u011b katedr\u00e1ly sv. V\u00edta na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;bazilice sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed v&nbsp;Praze, kter\u00e1 byla postavena za vl\u00e1dy syna sv. Ludmily Vratislava a stala se hrobkou p\u0159emyslovsk\u00e9ho rodu, ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed kapli odpo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 sv. Ludmila. Socha\u0159sk\u00fd n\u00e1hrobek s obrazem Ludmily byl vytvo\u0159en na objedn\u00e1vku Karla IV. v 2. polovin\u011b. 14. stolet\u00ed n\u011bmecko-\u010desk\u00fdm architektem a socha\u0159em Petrem Parl\u00e9\u0159em (1332\/33\u20131399). Sv. Ludmila je zobrazena se slo\u017een\u00fdma rukama na hrudi, m\u00e1 na sob\u011b dlouh\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed cel\u00e9 t\u011blo,&nbsp;\u0161\u00e1l kolem krku a tradi\u010dn\u00ed pokr\u00fdvku hlavy (v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je p\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00e1hrobek, p\u0159esunut\u00fd do N\u00e1rodn\u00ed galerie v&nbsp;Praze, nahrazen kopi\u00ed). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/3_Nahrobek.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"694\" data-lbwps-height=\"518\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/3_Nahrobek-300x224.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"694\" height=\"518\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/3_Nahrobek.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"23\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/3_Nahrobek.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/09\/08\/svata-ludmila-zivot-a-ikonografie\/3_nahrobek\/#main\" class=\"wp-image-23\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/3_Nahrobek.jpg 694w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/3_Nahrobek-300x224.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Socha\u0159sk\u00fd n\u00e1hrobek s obrazem Ludmily od Petra Parl\u00e9\u0159e z 2. poloviny 14. stolet\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Freskov\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed sv\u011btice na vnit\u0159n\u00ed stran\u011b oblouku u vchodu do kaple je z pozdn\u011b gotick\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed. O tom, \u017ee se um\u011blec \u0159\u00eddil obrazem mistra Theodorika, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 o\u010di, pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00fd nos a p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u0161\u00e1lu jako ji\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho ikonografick\u00e9ho detailu. Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed vzhled sv\u011btice vyjad\u0159uje celkov\u00fd klid. Parl\u00e9\u0159 p\u0159itom vytvo\u0159il d\u00edlo vybaven\u00e9 nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi ikonografick\u00fdmi rysy. V prav\u00e9 ruce svat\u00e1 dr\u017e\u00ed palmovou ratolest \u2013 zn\u00e1m\u00fd od doby ran\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed symbol v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad smrt\u00ed, v\u00a0lev\u00e9 ruce m\u00e1 zav\u0159enou knihu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na ji\u017en\u00ed zdi kaple jsou v\u00fdjevy ze \u017eivota Ludmily vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 v 1. polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed Josefem Hellichem: sv. Metod\u011bj pod\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed (podle katolick\u00e9ho ob\u0159adu) sv. Ludmile; vra\u017eda Ludmily na Tet\u00edn\u011b; polo\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla Ludmily do hrobu u zdi jej\u00edho vdovsk\u00e9ho hradu Tet\u00edn; p\u0159enesen\u00ed ostatk\u016f z Tet\u00edna na Pra\u017esk\u00fd hrad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Votivn\u00ed obraz Jana O\u010dka z&nbsp;Vla\u0161imi je d\u00edlem mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 kvality. Vznikl p\u0159ed r. 1371. Tento monument\u00e1ln\u00ed obraz poch\u00e1z\u00ed z kaple roudnick\u00e9ho biskupsk\u00e9ho hradu. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Sb\u00edrky star\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed galerie Praha. Jeho autor se um\u011blecky vy\u0161kolil ve dvorsk\u00e9m okruhu Mistra Theodorika. V horn\u00ed polovin\u011b obrazov\u00e9 kompozice je zpodoben c\u00edsa\u0159 Karel IV. pod ochranou zemsk\u00e9ho patrona sv. Zikmunda. Spolu s c\u00edsa\u0159em Pannu Marii s d\u00edt\u011btem uct\u00edv\u00e1 jeho syn V\u00e1clav, jen\u017e je zobrazen pod z\u00e1\u0161titou svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava. Doln\u00ed polovina n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed patron\u016fm don\u00e1tora d\u00edla \u2013 pra\u017esk\u00e9ho arcibiskupa Jana O\u010dka z Vla\u0161imi. Jsou zde zpodobeni zem\u0161t\u00ed sv\u011btci: sv. Prokop, sv. Vojt\u011bch, sv. V\u00edt a sv. Ludmila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/4_Freska.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"400\" data-lbwps-height=\"600\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/4_Freska-200x300.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"600\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/4_Freska.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"24\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/4_Freska.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/09\/08\/svata-ludmila-zivot-a-ikonografie\/4_freska\/#main\" class=\"wp-image-24\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/4_Freska.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/4_Freska-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Freskov\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed sv. Ludmily na vnit\u0159n\u00ed stran\u011b oblouku u vchodu do kaple<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Votivni-obraz-Jana-Ocka.jpeg\" data-lbwps-width=\"470\" data-lbwps-height=\"800\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Votivni-obraz-Jana-Ocka-176x300.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"470\" height=\"800\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Votivni-obraz-Jana-Ocka.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"48\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Votivni-obraz-Jana-Ocka.jpeg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/09\/08\/svata-ludmila-zivot-a-ikonografie\/5_votivni-obraz-jana-ocka\/#main\" class=\"wp-image-48\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Votivni-obraz-Jana-Ocka.jpeg 470w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Votivni-obraz-Jana-Ocka-176x300.jpeg 176w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Votivn\u00ed obraz Jana O\u010dka z\u00a0Vla\u0161imi (vznik p\u0159ed r. 1371) z kaple roudnick\u00e9ho biskupsk\u00e9ho hradu <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Freska-Hellich.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"400\" data-lbwps-height=\"301\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Freska-Hellich-300x226.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"301\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Freska-Hellich.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Freska-Hellich.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/09\/08\/svata-ludmila-zivot-a-ikonografie\/5_freska-hellich\/#main\" class=\"wp-image-25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Freska-Hellich.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5_Freska-Hellich-300x226.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">V\u00fdjevy ze \u017eivota sv. Ludmily od Josefa Hellicha z 1. poloviny 19. stol. na ji\u017en\u00ed zdi kaple<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Votivn\u00ed deska z&nbsp;Dube\u010dka je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Sb\u00edrky star\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed galerie Praha. D\u00edlo vzniklo na konci 14. stolet\u00ed, jm\u00e9no autora nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo. P\u016fvodn\u011b oboustrann\u011b malovan\u00e1 deska tvo\u0159ila k\u0159\u00eddlo olt\u00e1\u0159n\u00edho n\u00e1stavce. Je na n\u00ed vyobrazen don\u00e1tor v kanovnick\u00e9m od\u011bvu se sv\u00fdm osobn\u00edm patronem sv. Ond\u0159ejem a patronem pra\u017esk\u00e9ho arcibiskupstv\u00ed sv. Vojt\u011bchem a \u0161estice \u010desk\u00fdch zemsk\u00fdch patron\u016f: sv. V\u00e1clav, sv. V\u00edt, sv. Metod\u011bj, sv. Zikmund, sv. Prokop a sv. Ludmila. Vzhledem k ikonografii lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee olt\u00e1\u0159, z n\u011bj\u017e deska poch\u00e1z\u00ed, byl p\u016fvodn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn v pra\u017esk\u00e9 katedr\u00e1le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Svatov\u00edtsk\u00e9ho pokladu je st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 pozlacen\u00e1 relikvi\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1 busta sv. Ludmily p\u016fvodem z pokladu benediktinek u sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed, z po\u010d\u00e1tku 14. stolet\u00ed. Busta pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm klenot\u016fm \u010cesk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/6_Votivni-deska-z-Dubecka.jpeg\" data-lbwps-width=\"658\" data-lbwps-height=\"800\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/6_Votivni-deska-z-Dubecka-247x300.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"658\" height=\"800\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/6_Votivni-deska-z-Dubecka.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"26\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/6_Votivni-deska-z-Dubecka.jpeg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/09\/08\/svata-ludmila-zivot-a-ikonografie\/6_votivni-deska-z-dubecka\/#main\" class=\"wp-image-26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/6_Votivni-deska-z-Dubecka.jpeg 658w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/6_Votivni-deska-z-Dubecka-247x300.jpeg 247w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Votivn\u00ed deska z\u00a0Dube\u010dka<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/7_Busta.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"530\" data-lbwps-height=\"800\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/7_Busta-199x300.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"530\" height=\"800\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/7_Busta.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"27\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/7_Busta.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/09\/08\/svata-ludmila-zivot-a-ikonografie\/7_busta\/#main\" class=\"wp-image-27\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/7_Busta.jpg 530w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/7_Busta-199x300.jpg 199w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 pozlacen\u00e1 relikvi\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1 busta sv. Ludmily \u2013 sou\u010d\u00e1st Svatov\u00edtsk\u00e9ho pokladu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Vyobrazen\u00ed z latinsk\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu Dalimilovy kroniky p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdjev, jak Tunna a Gomon vyr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed dve\u0159e a \u0161krt\u00ed svatou Ludmilu \u0161\u00e1lou. Pak and\u011bl\u00e9 odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed jej\u00ed t\u011blo na nebesa. Dalimilova kronika je nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u010desky psan\u00e1 ver\u0161ovan\u00e1 kronika, jedno ze st\u011b\u017eejn\u00edch d\u011bl \u010desk\u00e9ho p\u00edsemnictv\u00ed. Poch\u00e1z\u00ed z po\u010d\u00e1tku 14. stolet\u00ed, z\u00e1znamy kon\u010d\u00ed rokem 1314, respektive s dodatky (nejsp\u00ed\u0161e jin\u00e9ho autora) jsou dovedeny a\u017e do roku 1325. Ji\u017e ve 14. a 15. stolet\u00ed bylo vytvo\u0159eno mnoho jej\u00edch opis\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-6 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/8_Dalimilova-kronika.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"989\" data-lbwps-height=\"567\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/8_Dalimilova-kronika-300x172.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"989\" height=\"567\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/8_Dalimilova-kronika.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"28\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/8_Dalimilova-kronika.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/09\/08\/svata-ludmila-zivot-a-ikonografie\/8_dalimilova-kronika\/#main\" class=\"wp-image-28\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/8_Dalimilova-kronika.jpg 989w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/8_Dalimilova-kronika-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/8_Dalimilova-kronika-768x440.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 989px) 100vw, 989px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Vyobrazen\u00ed umu\u010den\u00ed sv. Ludmily z latinsk\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu Dalimilovy kroniky<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V rusk\u00fdch ikonopiseck\u00fdch pokynech 18. stolet\u00ed je na\u0159\u00edzeno, aby byla Ludmila zobrazov\u00e1na jako apo\u0161tol\u016fm rovn\u00e1 c\u00edsa\u0159ovna Helena nebo kn\u011b\u017ena Olga. V rusk\u00e9 tradici byl obraz Ludmily zahrnut do v\u00fdmalby katedr\u00e1ly svat\u00e9ho K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee ve m\u011bst\u011b Tutajev, kterou vytvo\u0159ila d\u00edlna Gurije Nikitina nejpozd\u011bji v&nbsp;r. 1675. Obraz sv\u011btice je um\u00edst\u011bn na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm na okraji severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pil\u00ed\u0159e. Ludmila je oble\u010den\u00e1 do kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch vzorovan\u00fdch \u0161at\u016f, na hlav\u011b m\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00fd z\u00e1voj, v prav\u00e9 ruce dr\u017e\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Literatura<\/strong>: Friedl A. Magister Theodoricus. Prag, 1956. S. 24; \u042e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415. \u041f. \u0427\u0435\u0448\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430: 1350-1420 \u0433\u0433. \u041c., 1998; \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0422. \u041b. \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a. \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 1670-\u0445 &#8211; 1680-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u041c., 2015. \u0421. 172, 347.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mni\u0161ka Iuliania (Nikitina), E. N. Vasina (Pravoslavn\u00e1 encyklopedie)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Letos si na\u0161e pravoslavn\u00e1 c\u00edrkev p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 1100. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed mu\u010dednick\u00e9 smrti svat\u00e9 kn\u011b\u017eny Ludmily. Modl\u00edme se k&nbsp;n\u00ed a pros\u00edme na\u0161i svatou patronku, aby se za n\u00e1s&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[6],"class_list":["post-20","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svatky-a-svetci","tag-2021-09","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":133,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20\/revisions\/133"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}