{"id":1895,"date":"2021-02-28T15:04:50","date_gmt":"2021-02-28T14:04:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=1895"},"modified":"2023-02-28T15:05:08","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T14:05:08","slug":"draky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2021\/02\/28\/draky\/","title":{"rendered":"Draky"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00daryvek ze stat\u011b biskupa diokleisk\u00e9ho Kallista Warea <em>Velk\u00fd p\u016fst a konzumn\u00ed spole\u010dnost<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u0158ecku, aspo\u0148 v minulosti, prvn\u00ed den velk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu, takzvan\u00e9 \u010cist\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed (proto\u017ee v pravoslavn\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi p\u016fst neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ve st\u0159edu, jako v z\u00e1padn\u00ed, ale o dva dny d\u0159\u00edve), byl prvn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem roku, kter\u00fd se slavil pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem. Rodiny jely na venkov, vystupovaly na kopce a z t\u011bch strm\u00fdch kopc\u016f pou\u0161t\u011bly draky. Je to skv\u011bl\u00fd obraz za\u010d\u00e1tku velk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu, kter\u00fd kontrastuje s ritu\u00e1ly z\u00e1padn\u00ed Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee se velmi li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdmi d\u016frazy. Popel, kter\u00fdm se posyp\u00e1vaj\u00ed na\u0161e hlavy a kter\u00fd zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 stopy na na\u0161ich tv\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, se v\u0161\u00ed svou symbolikou pok\u00e1n\u00ed a nevyhnutelnosti smrti rozhodn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou a neodd\u011blitelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdznamu p\u016fstu. Ale \u0159eck\u00e9 pravoslav\u00ed, ozna\u010duj\u00edc vstup do p\u016fstu, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Sna\u017e\u00edme se naopak spojit p\u016fst s \u010derstv\u00fdm vzduchem, s&nbsp;v\u011btrem vanouc\u00edm nad kopci s p\u0159\u00edchodem jara. Velk\u00fd p\u016fst je \u010dasem drak\u016f, dobou dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed, objev\u016f, nov\u00fdch iniciativ, nov\u00fdch nad\u011bj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto ohledu samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda, \u017ee velk\u00fd p\u016fst neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na podzim, kdy opad\u00e1 list\u00ed a dny se zkracuj\u00ed, a ne uprost\u0159ed zimy, kdy jsou stromy hol\u00e9 a vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee jsou zamrzl\u00e9, ale na ja\u0159e, kdy prask\u00e1 led a nov\u00fd \u017eivot odev\u0161ud oznamuje sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edchod. P\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdznam anglick\u00e9ho slova \u201eLent\u201c (p\u016fst) je pr\u00e1v\u011b \u201ejarn\u00ed obdob\u00ed\u201c, jak je patrn\u00e9 ze slov st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 b\u00e1sn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lenten is come with love to towne,\/ With blosmen and with briddes rowne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Celia and Kenneth Sisam (eds.), The Oxford Book of Medieval English Verse , Oxford, 1970, s. 120.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jaro s l\u00e1skou vstoupilo do m\u011bsta, s&nbsp;kveten\u00edm a zp\u011bvem pt\u00e1k\u016f. M\u016f\u017ee se zd\u00e1t divn\u00e9 myslet na p\u016fst jako na \u010das zamilov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale mo\u017en\u00e1 to je jeden z jeho v\u00fdznam\u016f. Souvislost mezi p\u016fstem a jarem je patrn\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v pravoslavn\u00fdch liturgick\u00fdch textech: Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jaro p\u016fstu, rozkv\u00e9taj\u00ed kv\u011bty pok\u00e1n\u00ed. (Zaz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jaro postn\u00ed, kv\u011bt pok\u00e1n\u00ed\u2026 samohlasen na stichovn\u011b syropustn\u00ed st\u0159edy, hlas 3.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pok\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 metanoia, zm\u011bna smy\u0161len\u00ed \u2013 nen\u00ed popel, n\u00fdbr\u017e rozkv\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed kv\u011bt.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto je kontext, ve kter\u00e9m bychom m\u011bli mluvit o p\u016fstu: je spojen s letem drak\u016f a za\u010d\u00e1tkem jara. Ale je tak\u00e9 spojen se svobodou. Je velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9, \u017ee na obdob\u00ed velk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy p\u0159ipad\u00e1 jeden z hlavn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f c\u00edrkevn\u00edho roku \u2013 Zv\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esvat\u00e9 Bohorodici, kter\u00fd se slav\u00ed 25. b\u0159ezna. V tento den si vzpom\u00edn\u00e1me to svobodn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ud\u011blala Panna Maria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e archand\u011bl Gabriel ozn\u00e1mil Marii Bo\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br, o\u010dek\u00e1val, \u017ee odpov\u00ed: \u201eHle, jsem slu\u017eebnice P\u00e1n\u011b; sta\u0148 se mi podle tv\u00e9ho slova\u201c (Luk\u00e1\u0161 1:38). Ale tato odpov\u011b\u010f Marie nebyla p\u0159edem ur\u010den\u00e1, mohla v\u0161e odm\u00edtnout. Svat\u00e1 Trojice respektuje lidskou svobodu. V&nbsp;listu Diognetovi (2. stolet\u00ed n. l.) se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eB\u016fh nenut\u00ed, ale p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010duje, proto\u017ee n\u00e1sil\u00ed je mu ciz\u00ed\u201c. (List Diognetovi VII., 4.: \u201ePoslal jej, pon\u011bvad\u017e cht\u011bl zachr\u00e1nit, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat, ne nutit n\u00e1sil\u00edm. B\u016fh toti\u017e neu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1sil\u00ed.\u201c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159esn\u011b tak se stalo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Panny Marie: B\u016fh by se nestal \u010dlov\u011bkem, kdyby nejprve nepo\u017e\u00e1dal o dobrovoln\u00fd souhlas tu, kter\u00e1 se m\u011bla st\u00e1t jeho Matkou. Byla to nutn\u00e1 podm\u00ednka. \u201eJsme spolupracovn\u00edci (<em>synergoi<\/em>) na Bo\u017e\u00edm d\u00edle,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 apo\u0161tol Pavel (1 Korintsk\u00fdm 3:9), a to se t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Panny Marie. Ve Zv\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed se stala <em>synergos<\/em>, Bo\u017e\u00ed spolupracovnic\u00ed \u2013 nejen poslu\u0161n\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v jeho rukou, ale aktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastnic\u00ed sv\u00e1tosti (tajiny). Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 svat\u00fd Irenej z Lyonu (\u2020 asi 200): \u201eMarie spolup\u016fsobila k&nbsp;sp\u00e1sn\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du\u201c (<em>Proti blud\u016fm<\/em> III, XXI, 7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto je tedy dal\u0161\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d k pochopen\u00ed smyslu p\u016fstu. Jako \u010das porozum\u011bn\u00ed a obnovy, \u010das duchovn\u00edho jara, p\u016fst souvis\u00ed tak\u00e9 s t\u00edm, jak vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me na\u0161i lidskou svobodu volby. Velk\u00fd p\u016fst je doba, kdy se u\u010d\u00edme b\u00fdt svobodn\u00ed. Nebo\u0165 svoboda je na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b n\u011bco p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho, ale na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je to n\u011bco, \u010demu je t\u0159eba se nau\u010dit. Pokud byste se m\u011b zeptali: \u201eHrajete na housle?\u201c \u2013 a j\u00e1 bych odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eNejsem si jist\u00fd, nikdy jsem se o to nepokusil &#8230;\u201c &#8211; moje odpov\u011b\u010f by se v\u00e1m zd\u00e1la trochu divn\u00e1. Proto\u017ee v\u016fbec nem\u00e1m svobodu hr\u00e1t na housle Bachovu son\u00e1tu, pokud p\u0159edt\u00edm dlouh\u00fdm a vytrval\u00fdm studiem neovl\u00e1dnu n\u00e1stroj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na mor\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni je to stejn\u00e9 s projevem na\u0161\u00ed svobody. Jako \u010dlov\u011bk, stvo\u0159en\u00fd k obrazu a podob\u011b Boha, nem\u00e1m skute\u010dnou svobodu, dokud se nenau\u010d\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat svobodu, kter\u00e1 mi byla d\u00e1na, a takov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 poslu\u0161nost, discipl\u00ednu a sebezap\u0159en\u00ed. Svoboda nen\u00ed jen dar, je to tak\u00e9 v\u00fdzva. Rusk\u00e1 spiritualita tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 asketick\u00fd \u010din. Jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b poznamenal Nikolaj Ber\u010fajev (1874\u20131948): \u201eSvoboda nen\u00ed snadn\u00e1, jak si jej\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ji pomlouvaj\u00ed, mysl\u00ed, svoboda je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1, je t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm b\u0159emenem.\u201c (\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438, \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, \u201c\u0414\u042d\u041c\u201d, 1990 \u0433., \u0441. 51). Je to v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 privilegium a radost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tady jsou t\u0159i \u201em\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hloubky\u201c, kter\u00e1 pomohou na\u0161\u00ed lodi plout postn\u00edm souostrov\u00edm. Ji\u017e nyn\u00ed je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee p\u016fst nen\u00ed jen o tom, co j\u00edme a pijeme. Nyn\u00ed se pokusme roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fstu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zohledn\u00edme zaprv\u00e9 paralely ze Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, zadruh\u00e9 postn\u00ed praxi v ran\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi a zat\u0159et\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed a specifick\u00fd v\u00fdznam p\u016fstu v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b. To n\u00e1m uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee p\u016fst je spojen zaprv\u00e9 s&nbsp;p\u0159inesen\u00edm sv\u011bta zp\u00e1tky k Bohu s d\u00edkuvzd\u00e1n\u00edm, zadruh\u00e9 s k\u0159estn\u00edm zasv\u011bcen\u00edm a s mision\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm c\u00edrkve a za t\u0159et\u00ed s t\u00edm, jak\u00fd m\u00e1me vztah k bli\u017en\u00edm a okoln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Pokus\u00edme-li se shrnout v\u00fdznam p\u016fstu t\u0159emi slovy, bude to ob\u011b\u0165, u\u010den\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dast.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00daryvek ze stat\u011b biskupa diokleisk\u00e9ho Kallista Warea Velk\u00fd p\u016fst a konzumn\u00ed spole\u010dnost V \u0158ecku, aspo\u0148 v minulosti, prvn\u00ed den velk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu, takzvan\u00e9 \u010cist\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed (proto\u017ee&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[48],"class_list":["post-1895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cirkev-a-spolecnost","tag-2021-02","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1895","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1895"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1897,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1895\/revisions\/1897"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}