{"id":1830,"date":"2023-02-04T09:16:09","date_gmt":"2023-02-04T08:16:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=1830"},"modified":"2023-02-04T09:17:44","modified_gmt":"2023-02-04T08:17:44","slug":"kdy-vznikl-velky-pust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2023\/02\/04\/kdy-vznikl-velky-pust\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdy vznikl Velk\u00fd p\u016fst?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A\u017e do 3. stolet\u00ed se v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch p\u0159ipravovali na oslavu sv\u00e1tku Paschy r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Zn\u00e1m\u00fd k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd apologeta Tertullianus a svat\u00fd Irenej z Lyonu ve 2. stolet\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed o praktikov\u00e1n\u00ed 40hodinov\u00e9ho p\u016fstu (od ve\u010dera Velk\u00e9ho p\u00e1tku do konce pasch\u00e1ln\u00ed liturgie), p\u0159i kter\u00e9m k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 nejedli v\u016fbec. Takov\u00fd p\u016fst od Velk\u00e9ho p\u00e1tku do Paschy byl napodoben\u00edm \u010dty\u0159icetihodinov\u00e9ho p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Spasitele v&nbsp;hrob\u011b a tak\u00e9 doslovn\u00fdm pochopen\u00edm Kristov\u00fdch slov z Matou\u0161ova evangelia: <em>Mohou host\u00e9 na svatb\u011b truchlit, dokud je \u017eenich s nimi? P\u0159ijdou v\u0161ak dny, kdy od nich bude \u017eenich vzat; potom se budou postit<\/em> (Matou\u0161 9:15).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f doba, kdy Kristus byl v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm vzat, trvala od okam\u017eiku smrti na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei a\u017e do zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e i ur\u010dovalo dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fstu. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch existoval zvyk postit se v&nbsp;samotn\u00fd den Paschy. Z&nbsp;tohoto oby\u010deje jako nevhodn\u00e9ho v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed usv\u011bd\u010doval sv. Jan Zlato\u00fast\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V polovin\u011b 3. stolet\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch c\u00edrkv\u00edch vznik\u00e1 \u0161estidenn\u00ed p\u016fst jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka ud\u00e1lost\u00ed Pa\u0161ijov\u00e9ho t\u00fddne. Ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 pova\u017eovali \u0161estidenn\u00ed p\u016fst za p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00fd a podle star\u00e9 tradice dodr\u017eovali 40hodinov\u00fd p\u016fst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve 2. polovin\u011b 3. stolet\u00ed byl alexandrijsk\u00fd biskup Dion\u00fdsios Velik\u00fd dot\u00e1z\u00e1n, kdy m\u00e1 kon\u010dit p\u016fst \u2013 ve\u010der Velk\u00e9 soboty, nebo v&nbsp;pasch\u00e1ln\u00ed ned\u011bli r\u00e1no? Ve sv\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi biskup popsal r\u016fzn\u00e9 existuj\u00edc\u00ed praxe: \u201eAni \u0161estidenn\u00ed p\u016fst nedodr\u017euj\u00ed v\u0161ichni stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem; nebo\u0165 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tr\u00e1v\u00ed v\u0161echny tyto dny bez j\u00eddla, ale jin\u00ed nevydr\u017e\u00ed ani jeden. Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed v&nbsp;d\u016fsledku dlouh\u00e9ho p\u016fstu zesl\u00e1bli a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 um\u00edraj\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm, je d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159istupov\u00e1n\u00ed k j\u00eddlu omluviteln\u00e9. Ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se \u010dty\u0159i dny p\u016fstu nepost\u00ed v\u016fbec, \u010di se dokonce p\u0159ej\u00eddaj\u00ed, a pak, kdy\u017e nastanou posledn\u00ed dva dny, tedy p\u00e1tek a sobota, se nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b post\u00ed a mysl\u00ed si, \u017ee d\u011blaj\u00ed n\u011bco velk\u00e9ho a slavn\u00e9ho.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 5. stolet\u00ed v\u0161echny m\u00edstn\u00ed c\u00edrkve dosp\u011bly k my\u0161lence \u010dty\u0159icetidenn\u00edho p\u016fstu, jako des\u00e1tku roku, a od t\u00e9 doby se d\u00e9lka Velk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch c\u00edrkv\u00edch pohybuje od 6 do 8 t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K prodlou\u017een\u00ed Velk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu na 40 dn\u00ed do\u0161lo pod vlivem dlouh\u00e9 praxe katecheze a z touhy p\u0159ipravit katechumeny na p\u0159ijet\u00ed sv\u00e1tosti k\u0159tu p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm p\u016fstem a horliv\u00fdmi modlitbami. K\u0159est se sna\u017eili na\u010dasovat na Velkou sobotu, proto se p\u016fst katechumen\u016f stal p\u016fstem p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00edm. Podle vzoru Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, jen\u017e se 40 dn\u00ed postil, se v\u0161ichni k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 ze solidarity s katechumeny p\u0159ipravuj\u00edc\u00edmi se na k\u0159est za\u010dali ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b postit b\u011bhem 40 dn\u00ed p\u0159ed sv\u00e1tkem Paschy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve sv\u00fdch listech o sv\u00e1tc\u00edch Athanasios Velik\u00fd zmi\u0148uje p\u016fst, kter\u00fd trv\u00e1 40 dn\u00ed a zavr\u0161uje se obdob\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9ho p\u016fstu \u2013 Pa\u0161ijov\u00e9ho t\u00fddne. Pot\u00e9 co svat\u00fd otec vykonal cestu do \u0158\u00edma, psal v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm, \u017ee musej\u00ed dodr\u017eovat dlouh\u00fd p\u016fst, kter\u00fd se ji\u017e dodr\u017euje v\u0161ude v&nbsp;c\u00edrkvi: \u201eAle, milovan\u00fd, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d je o tom a nau\u010d je postit se \u010dty\u0159icet dn\u00ed; byla by toti\u017e ostuda, kdy\u017e to d\u011blaj\u00ed v\u0161ichni, aby jen ti, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v Egypt\u011b, se m\u00edsto zdr\u017eenlivosti odd\u00e1vali vesel\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed svat\u00ed otcov\u00e9 ji\u017e v 5. stolet\u00ed byli p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee \u010dty\u0159icetidenn\u00ed p\u016fst p\u0159ed Paschou je apo\u0161tolsk\u00fdm ustanoven\u00edm. Tak Lev Velik\u00fd vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 sv\u00e9 poslucha\u010de k \u200b\u200bzdr\u017eenlivosti, aby mohli \u201esplnit apo\u0161toly stanoven\u00fdch \u010dty\u0159icet dn\u00ed p\u016fstu\u201c. Podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy pou\u017e\u00edvali historik S\u00f3krat\u00e9s Scholastikos a Jeron\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern\u00ed historick\u00e1 v\u011bda v\u0161ak tento n\u00e1zor nepotvrzuje, proto\u017ee je spousta d\u016fkaz\u016f o existenci r\u016fzn\u00fdch postn\u00edch praktik v prvn\u00edch stolet\u00edch i o postupn\u00e9m procesu jejich v\u00fdvoje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Redakce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u017e do 3. stolet\u00ed se v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch p\u0159ipravovali na oslavu sv\u00e1tku Paschy r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Zn\u00e1m\u00fd k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd apologeta Tertullianus a svat\u00fd Irenej z&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1831,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[70],"class_list":["post-1830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dejiny","tag-2023-02","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1830","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1830"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1830\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1833,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1830\/revisions\/1833"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1830"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}