{"id":1747,"date":"2023-01-14T13:11:26","date_gmt":"2023-01-14T12:11:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=1747"},"modified":"2023-01-25T13:11:46","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T12:11:46","slug":"obrezani-pane-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/obrezani-pane-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Ob\u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Na prestolu ohniv\u00e9m na v\u00fdsostech tr\u016fn\u011b s Otcem bezpo\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00fdm i bo\u017esk\u00fdm Svat\u00fdm sv\u00fdm Duchem, r\u00e1\u010dil ses, Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i, na zemi naroditi z Panny nepoznav\u0161\u00ed mu\u017ee, svoj\u00ed Matky, proto jsi byl i ob\u0159ez\u00e1n jako \u010clov\u011bk osmidenn\u00ed. Sl\u00e1va p\u0159edobr\u00e9mu rozhodnut\u00ed Tv\u00e9mu, sl\u00e1va proz\u0159etelnosti Tvoj\u00ed, sl\u00e1va milosti Tv\u00e9, jedin\u00fd Lidumile.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tropar sv\u00e1tku, hlas 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u011bjiny<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u0159ad ob\u0159\u00edzky sah\u00e1 a\u017e do d\u00e1vn\u00e9 staroz\u00e1konn\u00ed minulosti. Kniha Genesis vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, jak se jednoho dne B\u016fh zjevil spravedliv\u00e9mu Abrahamovi a sl\u00edbil mu, v&nbsp;t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b bezd\u011btn\u00e9mu, \u017ee z n\u011bho vzejde velk\u00fd n\u00e1rod: U\u010din\u00edm t\u011b velk\u00fdm n\u00e1rodem, po\u017eehn\u00e1m t\u011b, velk\u00e9 u\u010din\u00edm tv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no (Genesis 12:2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e bylo Abrahamovi 99 let, znovu se mu zjevil B\u016fh, aby s n\u00edm uzav\u0159el smlouvu, a \u0159ekl: Ty i tvoje potomstvo budete mou smlouvu zachov\u00e1vat ve v\u0161ech pokolen\u00edch. Znamen\u00edm m\u00e9 smlouvy mezi mnou a v\u00e1mi i tv\u00fdm potomstvem, kterou budete zachov\u00e1vat, bude toto: Ka\u017ed\u00fd mezi v\u00e1mi, kdo je mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed, bude ob\u0159ez\u00e1n. D\u00e1te ob\u0159ezat sv\u00e9 neob\u0159ezan\u00e9 t\u011blo a to bude znamen\u00edm smlouvy mezi mnou a v\u00e1mi. Po v\u0161echna pokolen\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo je mezi v\u00e1mi mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed, bude osm\u00e9ho dne po narozen\u00ed ob\u0159ez\u00e1n, doma zrozen\u00fd i koupen\u00fd za st\u0159\u00edbro od kter\u00e9hokoli cizince, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed z tv\u00e9ho potomstva (Genesis 17:10\u201312).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abraham tedy vzal sv\u00e9ho syna Izmaela a v\u0161echny zrozen\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9m dom\u011b i v\u0161echny koupen\u00e9 za st\u0159\u00edbro, v\u0161echnu svou \u010dele\u010f mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed, a ob\u0159ezal jejich neob\u0159ezan\u00e9 t\u011blo hned toho dne, kdy k n\u011bmu B\u016fh promluvil. Rok nato mu S\u00e1ra porodila dlouho o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho syna Iz\u00e1ka. Od t\u00e9 doby \u017did\u00e9 jako potomci Abrahama nech\u00e1vali ob\u0159ez\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 d\u011bti mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed osm\u00e9ho dne po narozen\u00ed jako znamen\u00ed sv\u00e9 v\u011brnosti smlouv\u011b s&nbsp;Bohem a sv\u00e9 odd\u011blenosti od cel\u00e9ho pohansk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed uzav\u0159eli smlouvu s Bohem, museli mu sv\u011b\u0159it \u017eivoty sv\u00e9 i sv\u00fdch potomk\u016f. Toto je n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed ob\u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edko\u017eky org\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd reprodukuje \u017eivot. Smysl ob\u0159\u00edzky je tak\u00e9 v&nbsp;tom, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 smlouva s Bohem nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzav\u0159ena bez prolit\u00ed krve: <em>Podle z\u00e1kona se skoro v\u0161e o\u010di\u0161\u0165uje krv\u00ed, a bez vylit\u00ed krve nen\u00ed odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/em> (\u017did\u016fm 9:22). <em>V krvi je \u017eivot \u010dlov\u011bka i ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017eiv\u00e9ho tvora: \u017eivot ka\u017ed\u00e9ho tvora je v jeho krvi, ta ho o\u017eivuje<\/em> (Leviticus 17:14 a d\u00e1l).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vt\u011blen\u00fd Syn Bo\u017e\u00ed s\u00e1m \u0159ekl, \u017ee nep\u0159i\u0161el zru\u0161it Z\u00e1kon nebo Proroky, n\u00fdbr\u017e naplnit je (Matou\u0161 5:17). Apo\u0161tol Pavel vysv\u011btluje: <em>Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak naplnil stanoven\u00fd \u010das, poslal B\u016fh sv\u00e9ho Syna, narozen\u00e9ho z \u017eeny, podroben\u00e9ho z\u00e1konu, aby vykoupil ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou z\u00e1konu podrobeni, tak abychom byli p\u0159ijati za syny<\/em> (Galatsk\u00fdm 4:4\u20135). Ob\u0159\u00edzka se n\u011bkter\u00fdmi svat\u00fdmi otci interpretuje jako cel\u00fd z\u00e1kon. Byv ob\u0159ez\u00e1n, Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 se podrobil z\u00e1konu, aby vysvobodil ty, kte\u0159\u00ed byli pod z\u00e1konem, tedy \u017eidy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;3. kapitole listu \u0158\u00edman\u016fm apo\u0161tol Pavel pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pojmy \u017eid\u00e9 a ob\u0159ezan\u00ed jako synonyma: <em>Je snad B\u016fh toliko Bohem \u017eid\u016f? Co\u017e nen\u00ed t\u00e9\u017e Bohem pohan\u016f? Zajist\u00e9 i pohan\u016f! V\u017edy\u0165 je to jeden a t\u00fd\u017e B\u016fh, kter\u00fd ob\u0159ezan\u00e9 ospravedln\u00ed z v\u00edry a neob\u0159ezan\u00e9 skrze v\u00edru. To tedy v\u00edrou ru\u0161\u00edme z\u00e1kon? Naprosto ne! Naopak, z\u00e1kon potvrzujeme<\/em> (3:29\u201331).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;druh\u00e9 kapitole Luk\u00e1\u0161ova evangelia \u010dteme o tom, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e nechali ob\u0159ezat, \u201ekdy\u017e uplynulo osm dn\u00ed\u201c po jeho narozen\u00ed a \u201edali mu jm\u00e9no Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161, kter\u00e9 dostal od and\u011bla d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e jej matka po\u010dala\u201c (Luk\u00e1\u0161 2:21). Kdy\u017e porovn\u00e1me tento text s&nbsp;25. ver\u0161em prvn\u00ed kapitoly Matou\u0161ova evangelia, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee Josef, snoubenec Marie, \u201edal mu jm\u00e9no Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161\u201c. D\u00e1 se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee Josef s\u00e1m vykonal ob\u0159ad ob\u0159\u00edzky. Ale zda to opravdu bylo takto, nev\u00edme, proto\u017ee o tom nem\u00e1me \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed evangelia ani dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f zahrnut\u00fdch do pravoslavn\u00e9 tradice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pro\u010d slav\u00edme?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed staroz\u00e1konn\u00ed ob\u0159\u00edzku nahradila sv\u00e1tost k\u0159tu. Ale ob\u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 slav\u00ed dodnes. Sv\u00e9ho \u010dasu to hr\u00e1lo d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v&nbsp;polemice k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f s kac\u00ed\u0159i dok\u00e9ty, kte\u0159\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u011b u\u010dili, \u017ee Kristus nebyl opravdov\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bkem a m\u011bl zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 t\u011blo. Ale fakt Kristovy ob\u0159\u00edzky zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd v evangeliu sv\u011bd\u010dil o prav\u00e9m vt\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, jak p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed otcov\u00e9, mnoho staroz\u00e1konn\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f m\u011blo charakter p\u0159edobraz\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sv\u016fj kone\u010dn\u00fd, \u00fapln\u00fd v\u00fdznam staroz\u00e1konn\u00ed ob\u0159ady z\u00edskaly ve zjeven\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona \u2013 ve slovech, skutc\u00edch a sp\u00e1sn\u00e9m d\u00edle Mesi\u00e1\u0161e, Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista. Tak ob\u0159\u00edzku v c\u00edrkvi nahradila sv\u00e1tost k\u0159tu, o n\u00ed\u017e star\u00fd \u017eidovsk\u00fd ritu\u00e1l symbolicky sv\u011bd\u010dil. S k\u0159tem m\u00e1 staroz\u00e1konn\u00ed ob\u0159\u00edzka skute\u010dn\u011b n\u011bco spole\u010dn\u00e9ho v tom smyslu, \u017ee v&nbsp;osm\u00fd den nejen ob\u0159ez\u00e1vali, ale tak\u00e9 d\u00e1vali d\u00edt\u011bti jm\u00e9no. Je tomu tak i dnes, pokud se \u0159\u00edd\u00edme trebnikem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apo\u0161tol Pavel na to pouk\u00e1zal ve sv\u00e9m listu Kolosk\u00fdm, tato pas\u00e1\u017e se \u010dte na liturgii sv\u00e1tku Ob\u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b. Podle apo\u0161tola je t\u011blesn\u00e1 ob\u0159\u00edzka \u017did\u016f nahrazena u k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f ob\u0159\u00edzkou duchovn\u00ed: <em>V n\u011bm jste ob\u0159ez\u00e1ni ob\u0159\u00edzkou, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed ud\u011bl\u00e1na lidskou rukou; ob\u0159\u00edzka Kristova je odlo\u017een\u00edm cel\u00e9ho nevykoupen\u00e9ho t\u011bla<\/em> (2:11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A v listu \u0158\u00edman\u016fm apo\u0161tol zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nov\u00fd, k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd v\u00fdznam ob\u0159\u00edzky jako \u201eob\u0159\u00edzky srdce\u201c: <em>Prav\u00fd \u017eid nen\u00ed ten, kdo je j\u00edm navenek, a prav\u00e1 ob\u0159\u00edzka nen\u00ed ta, kter\u00e1 je zjevn\u00e1 na t\u011ble. Prav\u00fd \u017eid je ten, kdo je j\u00edm uvnit\u0159, s ob\u0159\u00edzkou srdce, kter\u00e1 je p\u016fsobena Duchem, nikoli literou z\u00e1kona. Ten dojde chv\u00e1ly ne od lid\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e od Boha<\/em> (2:28\u201329).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 byli osvobozeni od ob\u0159\u00edzky na Apo\u0161tolsk\u00e9m sn\u011bmu z roku 49. Rozhodnut\u00ed sn\u011bmu bylo n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: <em>My, apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 a star\u0161\u00ed, va\u0161i brat\u0159\u00ed, pos\u00edl\u00e1me pozdrav v\u00e1m, sv\u00fdm brat\u0159\u00edm v Antiochii, S\u00fdrii a Kilikii, kte\u0159\u00ed jste d\u0159\u00edve byli pohany. Dov\u011bd\u011bli jsme se, \u017ee v\u00e1s n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 od n\u00e1s zneklidnili a zm\u00e1tli sv\u00fdmi slovy, a\u010dkoliv jsme jim k tomu nedali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pokyn\u2026 Toto jest rozhodnut\u00ed Ducha Svat\u00e9ho i na\u0161e: Nikdo a\u0165 v\u00e1s nezat\u011b\u017euje jin\u00fdmi povinnostmi ne\u017e t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 jsou naprosto nutn\u00e9: zdr\u017eujte se v\u0161eho, co bylo ob\u011btov\u00e1no modl\u00e1m, tak\u00e9 krve, pak masa zv\u00ed\u0159at, kter\u00e1 nebyla zbavena krve, a kone\u010dn\u011b smilstva. Jestli\u017ee se toho v\u0161eho vyvarujete, budete jednat spr\u00e1vn\u011b<\/em> (Skutky 15:23\u201324, 28\u201329).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apo\u0161tol Pavel shrnuje k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd postoj k&nbsp;ob\u0159\u00edzce: <em>V Kristu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, je-li n\u011bkdo ob\u0159ez\u00e1n \u010di ne; rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je v\u00edra, kter\u00e1 se uplat\u0148uje l\u00e1skou<\/em> (Galatsk\u00fdm 5:6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o sv\u00e1tku Ob\u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed c\u00edrkvi poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z 4. stolet\u00ed. Na v\u00fdchod\u011b po dlouhou dobu tento sv\u00e1tek pat\u0159il mezi dvan\u00e1ct nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f spolu s Paschou, Narozen\u00edm P\u00e1n\u011b, Zjeven\u00edm P\u00e1n\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edmi. Teprve v&nbsp;14. stolet\u00ed v seznamu dvan\u00e1cti sv\u00e1tk\u016f byzantsk\u00e9ho historika Nik\u00e9fora Kallista (\u20201335) bylo Ob\u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b nahrazeno Zesnut\u00edm p\u0159esvat\u00e9 Bohorodice. Sou\u010dasn\u011b m\u00e1 Ob\u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b status velik\u00e9ho nepohybliv\u00e9ho sv\u00e1tku a je spojen s oslavou pam\u00e1tky svat\u00e9ho Basila Velik\u00e9ho, arcibiskupa Kaisareie v Kappadokii, kter\u00fd v&nbsp;tento den (1. ledna 379) zesnul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Redakce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na prestolu ohniv\u00e9m na v\u00fdsostech tr\u016fn\u011b s Otcem bezpo\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00fdm i bo\u017esk\u00fdm Svat\u00fdm sv\u00fdm Duchem, r\u00e1\u010dil ses, Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i, na zemi naroditi z Panny nepoznav\u0161\u00ed mu\u017ee, svoj\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1748,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[69],"class_list":["post-1747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svatky-a-svetci","tag-2023-01","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1747","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1747"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1747\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1750,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1747\/revisions\/1750"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1747"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1747"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}