{"id":1609,"date":"2022-11-07T11:02:22","date_gmt":"2022-11-07T10:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=1609"},"modified":"2022-12-07T11:02:37","modified_gmt":"2022-12-07T10:02:37","slug":"svaty-jenz-se-zrekl-krista-ale-pak-prijal-mucednickou-smrt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2022\/11\/07\/svaty-jenz-se-zrekl-krista-ale-pak-prijal-mucednickou-smrt\/","title":{"rendered":"Svat\u00fd, jen\u017e se z\u0159ekl Krista, ale pak p\u0159ijal mu\u010dednickou smrt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

D\u011bti vychovan\u00e9 v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch \u010dasto po dosa\u017een\u00ed dosp\u011blosti opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed c\u00edrkev a n\u011bkdy i upadaj\u00ed do t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch h\u0159\u00edch\u016f. Podobn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy se odehr\u00e1valy v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 od \u00fasvitu na\u0161\u00ed c\u00edrkve. Jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kter\u00fd podlehl poku\u0161en\u00edm h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, byl svat\u00fd velkomu\u010dedn\u00edk Jakub Per\u0161an.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017divot svat\u00e9ho Jakuba Roz\u0159ezan\u00e9ho<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poch\u00e1zel z bohat\u00e9 urozen\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 rodiny. Narodil se na konci 4. stolet\u00ed ve m\u011bst\u011b B\u00e9t-Lapat v Persii (Gundi\u0161apur v provincii Ch\u00fazist\u00e1n v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm Ir\u00e1nu). Po z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed nastoupil do slu\u017eeb persk\u00e9ho velkokr\u00e1le Jazdkarta I. z rodu S\u00e1s\u00e1novc\u016f (vl\u00e1dl v letech 399\u2013420). \u017divotopis budouc\u00edho sv\u011btce o n\u011bm \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee byl \u201edob\u0159e zn\u00e1m v zemi Per\u0161an\u016f\u201c. Za \u017eenu m\u011bl zbo\u017enou k\u0159es\u0165anku a s nimi \u017eila i ovdov\u011bl\u00e1 matka. \u017divot u dvora nem\u011bl na Jakuba dobr\u00fd vliv. N\u00e1stupcem Jazdkarta se stal jeho syn Bahr\u00e1m V., jen\u017e byl Jakubovi velice naklon\u011bn, \u0161t\u011bd\u0159e ho obdaroval, a nakonec ho i p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil z\u0159eknout se k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry. Zaslepen p\u0159\u00edzn\u00ed panovn\u00edka, jeho lichotiv\u00fdmi \u0159e\u010dmi a marn\u00fdmi sv\u011btsk\u00fdmi po\u017eitky, Jakub za\u010dal spolu s velkokr\u00e1lem uct\u00edvat pohansk\u00e9 bohy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e se o tom dozv\u011bd\u011bli Jakubovi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, napsali mu dopis, v n\u011bm\u017e ho\u0159ce litovali jeho \u010dinu, sna\u017eili se ho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, aby se vr\u00e1til k prav\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e, hrozili, \u017ee s n\u00edm odm\u00edtnou komunikovat, pokud bude setrv\u00e1vat ve sv\u00e9m odpadlictv\u00ed. Dopis zakon\u010dily ot\u00e1zkou: \u201eKdo je kr\u00e1l, \u017ee jsi ho poslechl v\u00edce ne\u017e Boha?\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00a0okam\u017eik, kdy byl dopis doru\u010den, se Jakub nach\u00e1zel s\u00a0panovn\u00edkem mimo m\u011bsto. \u0160okov\u00e1n slovy sv\u00fdch bl\u00edzk\u00fdch si najednou uv\u011bdomil, co sp\u00e1chal, probral se ze sv\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Jeho srdce se zarmoutilo a naplnilo se pok\u00e1n\u00edm. Velmo\u017e opustil panovn\u00edka a vr\u00e1til se dom\u016f, kde za\u010dal \u010d\u00edst P\u00edsmo svat\u00e9. To bylo okam\u017eit\u011b ozn\u00e1meno vlada\u0159i, kter\u00fd si Jakuba p\u0159edvolal k\u00a0v\u00fdslechu. Jakub se p\u0159iznal, \u017ee op\u011bt vyzn\u00e1v\u00e1 Krista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Tal\u00ed\u0159 se zobrazen\u00edm Bahr\u00e1ma V., S\u00e1s\u00e1novsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fdval\u00fd odpadl\u00edk truchlil nad sv\u00fdm h\u0159\u00edchem a zm\u011bnil sv\u016fj postoj k vlada\u0159i. Za\u010dal se v\u0161ude ve\u0159ejn\u011b prohla\u0161ovat za u\u010dedn\u00edka Spasitele, jen\u017e zem\u0159el za na\u0161e h\u0159\u00edchy. Od t\u00e9to chv\u00edle m\u011bl jedinou touhu \u2013 p\u0159ijmout smrt za Krista, z\u00edskat v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot a spojit se s Bohem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kr\u00e1l si vyb\u00edjel hn\u011bv na b\u00fdval\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edteli. Po v\u00fdslechu nechal podrobit Jakuba tvrd\u00e9mu mu\u010den\u00ed. Ale odvaha mlad\u00e9ho mu\u017ee jen vzr\u016fstala a v\u00edt\u011bzila nad nemohoucnost\u00ed kr\u00e1le a kat\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tehdy rozhn\u011bvan\u00fd kr\u00e1l na popud sv\u00fdch poradc\u016f vymyslel pro mu\u010dedn\u00edka nesl\u00fdchanou popravu a svolal cel\u00e9 m\u011bsto, aby se na ni d\u00edvalo. Sv\u011btce spoutali a za\u010dali mu od\u0159ez\u00e1vat \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fad\u016f po\u010d\u00ednaje jednotliv\u00fdmi prsty, a\u017e po postupn\u00e9m u\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kon\u010detin z n\u011bj zbyl jen trup. \u017divotopis obsahuje podrobn\u00fd popis krut\u00e9ho mu\u010den\u00ed doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9ho dialogem s kr\u00e1lem a katy a zbo\u017en\u00fdmi motivy modlitby mu\u010dedn\u00edka p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m od\u0159\u00edznut\u00ed z jeho t\u011bla. Svat\u00fd Jakub vz\u00fdval Krista a prosil, aby ho neopou\u0161t\u011bl. A P\u00e1n skute\u010dn\u011b poskytl sv\u00e9mu slu\u017eebn\u00edkovi obrovskou s\u00edlu, kter\u00e1 mu pom\u00e1hala nec\u00edtit bolest. Nakonec byl mu\u010dedn\u00edk s\u0165at. Hospodin odpustil Jakubovi jeho h\u0159\u00edch odpadlictv\u00ed a po\u017eehnal ho v\u011b\u010dnou bla\u017eenost\u00ed, je\u017e o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 ty, kdo n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed Krista. K\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 v\u00a0noci vzali ostatky mu\u010dedn\u00edka a poh\u0159bili je se ct\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Mu\u010dednictv\u00ed sv. Jakuba Per\u0161ana<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Velekr\u00e1l Bahr\u00e1m V. vstoupil do d\u011bjin jako nemilosrdn\u00fd pron\u00e1sledovatel k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f. K pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00edm doch\u00e1zelo navzdory ustanoven\u00edm \u0159\u00edmsko-persk\u00e9 smlouvy z roku 422. Vlada\u0159 zahynul b\u011bhem lovu \u2013 spadl do j\u00e1my a jeho t\u011blo nebylo nikdy nalezeno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jakub\u016fv \u017eivotopis, p\u016fvodn\u011b napsan\u00fd v syr\u0161tin\u011b, se \u010dasem ztratil. Nov\u011b byl sepsan\u00fd podle tradovan\u00e9ho pod\u00e1n\u00ed a na Z\u00e1pad\u011b se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il d\u00edky knize od Jakuba de Voragine \u201eLegenda aurea\u201c. Pam\u00e1tku sv. Jakuba Per\u0161ana zmi\u0148uje konstantinopolsk\u00e9 synaxarion 10. stolet\u00ed. Podle sv\u011bdectv\u00ed z 13. stolet\u00ed se v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Byzance nach\u00e1zel \u017eensk\u00fd monast\u00fdr zasv\u011bcen\u00fd sv. Jakubovi. Sv\u011btec je uct\u00edv\u00e1n nejen v pravoslavn\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi, kter\u00e1 jeho pam\u00e1tku ct\u00ed 27. listopadu, ale i ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edch c\u00edrkv\u00edch \u2013 syrsk\u00e9 jakobitsk\u00e9, arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 a koptsk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ostatky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V koptsk\u00e9 verzi mu\u010dednictv\u00ed sv. Jakuba a jeho arabsk\u00e9 zkratce v Alexandrijsk\u00e9m synaxariu se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 legend\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o p\u0159enesen\u00ed ostatk\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159adu anachronism\u016f. Za vl\u00e1dy c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f Honoria a Arcadia (395\u2013408) byly na po\u010dest Jakuba Per\u0161ana postaveny chr\u00e1m a monast\u00fdr v Persii. Kdy\u017e se persk\u00fd vlada\u0159 dozv\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee se v jeho zemi uct\u00edvaj\u00ed mu\u010dedn\u00edci, na\u0159\u00eddil sp\u00e1lit jejich ostatky. Ale k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 Jakubovy ostatky schovali, p\u0159enesli je do Jeruzal\u00e9ma a sv\u011b\u0159ili biskupu edessk\u00e9mu Petrovi. Po n\u00e1stupu k moci c\u00edsa\u0159e Markiana (450\u2013457) biskup Petr p\u0159enesl ostatky do Egypta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ostatky Jakuba Per\u0161ana lze nal\u00e9zt po cel\u00e9m k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m V\u00fdchod\u011b. Z\u00e1pisky nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho cestovatele zmi\u0148uj\u00ed ostatky ulo\u017een\u00e9 v monast\u00fdru sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na v Konstantinopoli. Podle sv\u011bdectv\u00ed rusk\u00fdch poutn\u00edk\u016f 14. stolet\u00ed byla v monast\u00fdru Pantokrator v Konstantinopoli ulo\u017eena hlava sv\u011btce. V sou\u010dasnosti je hlava velkomu\u010dedn\u00edka ulo\u017eena v monast\u00fdru sv. Anastasia na poloostrov\u011b Chalkidiki a \u010d\u00e1st hlavy v monast\u00fdru sv. Kate\u0159iny na ostrov\u011b Korfu. \u010c\u00e1st nohy je v monast\u00fdru sv. Mikul\u00e1\u0161e Divotvorce na ostrov\u011b Andros, dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky jsou v monast\u00fdru Bo\u017e\u00edho hrobu v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b, v Kikksk\u00e9m monast\u00fdru na Kypru, v \u0159ad\u011b athosk\u00fdch monast\u00fdr\u016f, v monast\u00fdrech po cel\u00e9m \u0158ecku, v Makedonii, Egypt\u011b, Ir\u00e1ku. \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dky ostatk\u016f sv. Jakuba lze nal\u00e9zt i v Evrop\u011b, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v katedr\u00e1le sv. Petra ve Vatik\u00e1nu, kam byly p\u0159eneseny v 15. stolet\u00ed za pape\u017ee Ev\u017eena IV. 22. kv\u011btna se slav\u00ed p\u0159enesen\u00ed ostatk\u016f sv. Jakuba Per\u0161ana do portugalsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Braga. N\u011bkolikr\u00e1t se men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky sv\u011btce p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ely do Ruska a mnoh\u00e9 dokumenty sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee sv. Jakub byl v Rusku dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m a uct\u00edv\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak \u0161irok\u00e1 geografie uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mu\u010dedn\u00edka, jen\u017e \u017eil v dalek\u00e9 Persii na za\u010d\u00e1tku 5. stolet\u00ed, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, jak univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm je k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy sv\u011btc\u016f op\u011bt a op\u011bt potvrzuj\u00ed slova apo\u0161tola Pavla o tom, \u017ee v Kristu nen\u00ed \u0158ek ani \u017did, barbar, divoch, otrok \u010di svobodn\u00fd. Ve\u0161ker\u00fd nacionalismus je pravoslav\u00ed ciz\u00ed. Jsme ob\u010dan\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebesk\u00e9ho a jsme brat\u0159i a sestry bez rozd\u00edlu n\u00e1rodnosti. Jak Bulhar m\u016f\u017ee ct\u00edt sv. Jakuba Per\u0161ana, tak t\u0159eba i Sy\u0159an m\u016f\u017ee uct\u00edvat pam\u00e1tku sv. mu\u010dedn\u00edka Gorazda. Svat\u00e1 Ludmila, kn\u011b\u017ena \u010desk\u00e1, je zn\u00e1ma daleko za hranicemi \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, a svat\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161, jeho\u017e sv\u00e1tek je nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem evropsk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, poch\u00e1zel z Mal\u00e9 Asie. Pravou v\u00edru u n\u00e1s \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili solu\u0148\u0161t\u00ed brat\u0159i Cyril a Metod\u011bj, a \u010desk\u00fd pravoslavn\u00fd kn\u011bz Stanislav (Nasadil), jen\u017e p\u0159ijal mu\u010dednickou smrt za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, slou\u017eil v srbsk\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chv\u00e1la Bohu, \u017ee m\u00e1me tak obrovsk\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1stup nebesk\u00fdch ochr\u00e1nc\u016f a patron\u016f!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redakce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u011bti vychovan\u00e9 v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch \u010dasto po dosa\u017een\u00ed dosp\u011blosti opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed c\u00edrkev a n\u011bkdy i upadaj\u00ed do t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch h\u0159\u00edch\u016f. Podobn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy se odehr\u00e1valy v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[67],"class_list":["post-1609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svatky-a-svetci","tag-2022-11","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1609"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1609\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1615,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1609\/revisions\/1615"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}