{"id":1392,"date":"2022-07-13T12:38:03","date_gmt":"2022-07-13T11:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=1392"},"modified":"2022-09-13T12:44:27","modified_gmt":"2022-09-13T11:44:27","slug":"apostolove-a-rana-cirkev","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2022\/07\/13\/apostolove-a-rana-cirkev\/","title":{"rendered":"Apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 a ran\u00e1 c\u00edrkev"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Po sesl\u00e1n\u00ed Ducha Svat\u00e9ho se apo\u0161tolsk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed usadilo v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b. Apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 denn\u011b k\u00e1zali v jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu a na ulic\u00edch m\u011bsta. Apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 vykl\u00e1dali staroz\u00e1konn\u00ed proroctv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee Bohem sl\u00edben\u00fd Mesi\u00e1\u0161 \u2013 Kristus \u2013 mus\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt a b\u00fdt vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en, a vysv\u011btlovali, \u017ee v\u0161echna tato proroctv\u00ed se naplnila v Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i. U\u010dili, \u017ee nen\u00ed pod nebem jin\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na, j\u00edm\u017e lid\u00e9 mohli b\u00fdt spaseni. Zanedlouho se v\u00a0Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b nechalo pok\u0159t\u00edt ve jm\u00e9nu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. \u010clenov\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 komunity chodili do jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu, ale tak\u00e9 se shroma\u017e\u010fovali doma, po\u0159\u00e1dali slavnost l\u00e1m\u00e1n\u00ed chleba \u2013 bo\u017eskou liturgii, kterou Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Kristus p\u0159ik\u00e1zal konat na svou pam\u00e1tku. Skrze apo\u0161toly u\u010dinil P\u00e1n v t\u00e9 dob\u011b mnoho z\u00e1zrak\u016f. Do Jeruzal\u00e9ma se sch\u00e1zeli lid\u00e9 z okoln\u00edch m\u011bst, p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bli nemocn\u00e9 a posedl\u00e9 ne\u010dist\u00fdmi duchy. Kdy\u017e apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 proch\u00e1zeli ulicemi m\u011bsta, lid\u00e9 vyn\u00e1\u0161eli nemocn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 na ulici a kladli je na leh\u00e1tka a na nos\u00edtka, aby na n\u011bkter\u00e9ho padl aspo\u0148 Petr\u016fv st\u00edn, a\u017e p\u016fjde kolem. Tak velk\u00e1 byla v\u00edra prost\u00e9ho lidu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed apo\u0161tol\u016f izraelsk\u00fdmi star\u0161\u00edmi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Skutky apo\u0161tol\u016f, kapitoly 4 a 5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dasp\u011bch k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed apo\u0161tol\u016f a jejich z\u00e1zraky vzbudily mezi velekn\u011b\u017e\u00edmi a \u017eidovsk\u00fdmi v\u016fdci z\u00e1vist a rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed. Saduceov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed tehdy zauj\u00edmali vysok\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v chr\u00e1mov\u00e9 hierarchii a v Sanhedrinu, byli v\u016f\u010di apo\u0161tol\u016fm obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nesmi\u0159iteln\u00ed. Nev\u011b\u0159ili v mo\u017enost vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed a nebyli zcela schopni p\u0159ijmout sv\u011bdectv\u00ed apo\u0161tol\u016f, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Kristus vstal z mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apo\u0161toly n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t zat\u00fdkali a nakonec jim zak\u00e1zali k\u00e1zat o Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i Kristu, oni se tomu v\u0161ak odm\u00edtli pod\u0159\u00eddit. \u201ePosu\u010fte sami, zda je p\u0159ed Bohem spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, abychom poslouchali v\u00e1s, a ne jeho. Nebo\u0165 o tom, co jsme vid\u011bli a sly\u0161eli, nem\u016f\u017eeme ml\u010det,\u201c \u0159\u00edkali. Jednou Bo\u017e\u00ed and\u011bl z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u011b vyvedl apo\u0161toly z v\u011bzen\u00ed, jindy se za n\u011b postavil zn\u00e1m\u00fd u\u010ditel z\u00e1kona a farizej Gamaliel, kter\u00e9ho si v\u00e1\u017eil v\u0161echen lid: \u201eDob\u0159e si rozmyslete, Izraelci, co s t\u011bmi lidmi chcete ud\u011blat\u2026 Nechte tyto lidi a propus\u0165te je. Poch\u00e1z\u00ed-li tento z\u00e1m\u011br a toto d\u00edlo z lid\u00ed, rozpadne se samo; poch\u00e1z\u00ed-li z Boha, nebudete moci ty lidi vyhubit \u2013 nechcete p\u0159ece bojovat proti Bohu.\u201c Kdy\u017e Sanhedrin odsoudil Kristovy u\u010dedn\u00edky k bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, radovali se, \u017ee se jim dostalo t\u00e9 cti, aby nesli potupu pro jm\u00e9no P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spr\u00e1va majetku a volba 7 j\u00e1hn\u016f  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 (Skutky apo\u0161tol\u016f 6:1\u20137)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00a0jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9 komunit\u011b zprvu vl\u00e1dla naprost\u00e1 jednomyslnost. Kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 vstupovali do Kristovy c\u00edrkve, prod\u00e1vali sv\u016fj majetek a v\u00fdt\u011b\u017eek skl\u00e1dali k noh\u00e1m apo\u0161tol\u016f. Z toho se rozd\u00e1valo ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, jak pot\u0159eboval, a v\u0161echno bylo spole\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b rozrostlo, za\u010daly v c\u00edrkvi vznikat prvn\u00ed konflikty. Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e1 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 komunita zahrnovala r\u016fzn\u00e9 lidi \u2013 jak obyvatele Jeruzal\u00e9ma, tak \u017didy, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve \u017eili v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch, mezi \u0158eky. Tito p\u0159ist\u011bhovalci za\u010dali reptat, \u017ee se jejich vdov\u00e1m ned\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017edodenn\u011b spravedliv\u00fd d\u00edl. Pot\u00e9 se apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 rozhodli sv\u011b\u0159it povinnost pe\u010dovat o pot\u0159eby komunity lidem speci\u00e1ln\u011b zvolen\u00fdm pro tuto slu\u017ebu, aby se sami mohli pln\u011b v\u011bnovat k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed a modlitb\u011b. Sedm vyvolen\u00fdch pro tuto slu\u017ebu se naz\u00fdvalo j\u00e1hny \u010dili di\u00e1kony, co\u017e v \u0159e\u010dtin\u011b znamen\u00e1 slu\u017eebn\u00edci. Tito lid\u00e9 se t\u011b\u0161ili d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e a byli napln\u011bni milost\u00ed Ducha Svat\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Smrt prvomu\u010dedn\u00edka \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na a za\u010d\u00e1tek pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Skutky apo\u0161tol\u016f, kapitoly 6, 7, 8)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeden z j\u00e1hn\u016f, jm\u00e9nem \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n, \u010dinil mezi lidmi velk\u00e9 divy a znamen\u00ed. To vzbudilo z\u00e1vist star\u0161\u00edch a u\u010ditel\u016f z\u00e1kona. Sna\u017eili se se \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nem diskutovat, nebyli v\u0161ak schopni \u010delit jeho moudrosti a state\u010dnosti. Proto ho obvinili z \u00fadajn\u00e9ho rouh\u00e1n\u00ed se proti jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9mu chr\u00e1mu a Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b z\u00e1konu a postavili p\u0159ed radu. Ale i u soudu \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n sv\u00fdm projevem zahanbil \u017ealobce. S\u00e1m P\u00e1n ho posiloval. V\u0161ichni, kte\u0159\u00ed v rad\u011b zasedali, pohl\u00e9dli na \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na a vid\u011bli, \u017ee jeho tv\u00e1\u0159 je jako tv\u00e1\u0159 and\u011bla. J\u00e1hen pohled\u011bl k nebi a \u0159ekl: \u201eHle, vid\u00edm nebesa otev\u0159en\u00e1 a Syna \u010dlov\u011bka stoj\u00edc\u00edho po pravici Bo\u017e\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozzu\u0159en\u00ed \u017did\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161ili soud, vyvedli \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na za m\u011bsto a tam ho ukamenovali. P\u0159ed svou smrt\u00ed se \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n modlil za sv\u00e9 vrahy, jak to kdysi d\u011blal s\u00e1m P\u00e1n. A jako se P\u00e1n na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei modlil k Otci, tak se \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n modlil ke Kristu: \u201ePane Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i, p\u0159ijmi m\u00e9ho ducha!\u201c Prvn\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an, kter\u00fd trp\u011bl pro Krista, napodobil sv\u00e9ho P\u00e1na mu\u010dednickou smrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u00e9 za\u010dalo velk\u00e9 pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve. Mnoho k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f bylo nuceno Jeruzal\u00e9m opustit. Rozprchli se po Judsku, Sama\u0159\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch sousedn\u00edch oblastech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e se st\u011bhovali do jin\u00fdch m\u011bst a vesnic, v\u0161ude nesli zv\u011bst o Kristu. Ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, kter\u00e9 postihlo c\u00edrkev, slou\u017eilo k jej\u00edmu pos\u00edlen\u00ed a r\u016fstu. A tak dal\u0161\u00ed j\u00e1hen, jm\u00e9nem Filip, ode\u0161el do Sama\u0159\u00ed, zv\u011bstoval evangelium a konal z\u00e1zraky a obr\u00e1til ke Kristu a pok\u0159til mnoho lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1cen\u00ed Saula<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Skutky apo\u0161tol\u016f 9:1\u201331)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezi pron\u00e1sledovateli k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vynikal horliv\u00fd mlad\u00fd mu\u017e jm\u00e9nem Saul. Nosil jm\u00e9no prvn\u00edho izraelsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Saula a stejn\u011b jako starov\u011bk\u00fd kr\u00e1l poch\u00e1zel z rodu Benjamina. Jeho otec byl farizej a on s\u00e1m z\u00edskal farizejsk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b od u\u010ditele Gamaliela. Saul poch\u00e1zel z m\u011bsta Tarsus, le\u017e\u00edc\u00edho v oblasti Kilikie, ale po rodi\u010d\u00edch zd\u011bdil \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed \u2013 \u010destn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1valo ur\u010dit\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a v\u00fdsady. Tohoto Saula si B\u016fh svou milost\u00ed vyvolil za sv\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho apo\u0161tola. V d\u011bjin\u00e1ch c\u00edrkve se proslavil jako Pavel (co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201emal\u00fd\u201c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e se Saul dozv\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee se v Dama\u0161ku objevila k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 komunita, zajistil si od velekn\u011bze doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed listy do synagog v Dama\u0161ku. Tam se Saul chystal chytat lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ili v Krista, mu\u017ee a \u017eeny, a p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bt je v poutech do Jeruzal\u00e9ma. Ale kdy\u017e se se sv\u00fdmi spole\u010dn\u00edky u\u017e bl\u00ed\u017eil k Dama\u0161ku, z\u00e1\u0159ilo na n\u011bj sv\u011btlo z nebe. Padl na zem a usly\u0161el hlas: \u201eSaule, Saule! Pro\u010d m\u011b pron\u00e1sleduje\u0161?\u201c Saul se zeptal: \u201eKdo jsi, Pane?\u201c A usly\u0161el odpov\u011b\u010f: \u201eJ\u00e1 jsem Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161, kter\u00e9ho ty pron\u00e1sleduje\u0161.\u201c D\u00e1le Hospodin na\u0159\u00eddil u\u017easl\u00e9mu Saulovi, aby pokra\u010doval v cest\u011b. Saul vstal ze zem\u011b, ale kdy\u017e otev\u0159el o\u010di, zjistil, \u017ee je slep\u00fd. Saulovi spole\u010dn\u00edci ho museli vz\u00edt za ruce a dov\u00e9st do Dama\u0161ku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Dama\u0161ku Saula na\u0161el Krist\u016fv u\u010dedn\u00edk jm\u00e9nem Anani\u00e1\u0161, kter\u00e9mu se zjevil Kristus a p\u0159ik\u00e1zal mu, aby Saula uzdravil. \u201eSaule, m\u016fj brat\u0159e, pos\u00edl\u00e1 m\u011b k tob\u011b P\u00e1n \u2013 ten Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161, kter\u00fd se ti zjevil na tv\u00e9 cest\u011b; chce, abys op\u011bt vid\u011bl a byl napln\u011bn Duchem svat\u00fdm,\u201c pozdravil Anani\u00e1\u0161 b\u00fdval\u00e9ho pron\u00e1sledovatele k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f. T\u011blesn\u00e1 slepota \u2013 zn\u00e1mka duchovn\u00ed slepoty horliv\u00e9ho fanatika judaismu \u2013 okam\u017eit\u011b ustoupila a Saul p\u0159ijal svat\u00fd k\u0159est.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saul str\u00e1vil n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed v Dama\u0161ku a sv\u011bd\u010dil, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 je Syn Bo\u017e\u00ed. Kdy\u017e to m\u00edstn\u00ed \u017did\u00e9 sly\u0161eli, rozhodli se ho zab\u00edt, ale on se o jejich \u00fakladech dov\u011bd\u011bl. Proto\u017ee ve dne v noci hl\u00eddali i br\u00e1ny, aby ho mohli zahubit, k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 spustili budouc\u00edho Kristova apo\u0161tola dol\u016f z hradeb v ko\u0161i po provazech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0159est d\u016fstojn\u00edka Korn\u00e9lia a prvn\u00ed pohan\u00e9 v c\u00edrkvi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Skutky apo\u0161tol\u016f, kapitoly 10 a 11)  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fle\u017eitou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v \u017eivot\u011b c\u00edrkve byl k\u0159est \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho d\u016fstojn\u00edka Korn\u00e9lia s celou jeho rodinou. P\u0159edt\u00edm se ke Kristov\u011b c\u00edrkvi p\u0159ipojovali hlavn\u011b \u017did\u00e9. V\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee v Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i se naplnila d\u00e1vn\u00e1 proroctv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 B\u016fh zjevil jejich p\u0159edk\u016fm. Ale nade\u0161el \u010das, aby c\u00edrkev uk\u00e1zala sv\u011btlo, je\u017e bude zjeven\u00edm pohan\u016fm (Luk\u00e1\u0161 2:32).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Korn\u00e9lius \u017eil v Cesareji. Byl to zbo\u017en\u00fd mu\u017e v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed v jedin\u00e9ho Boha. Jeho postaven\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho voj\u00e1ka mu nedovolovalo p\u0159ijmout \u017eidovskou v\u00edru a dodr\u017eovat Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161\u016fv z\u00e1kon, ale \u010dasto se up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b modlil k Bohu a pom\u00e1hal chud\u00fdm. Jednoho dne se mu zjevil Bo\u017e\u00ed and\u011bl a p\u0159ik\u00e1zal, aby na\u0161el \u0160imona Petra. Korn\u00e9lius okam\u017eit\u011b poslal slu\u017eebn\u00edky do m\u011bsta Joppa, kde, jak mu and\u011bl uk\u00e1zal, \u017eil apo\u0161tol Petr v dom\u011b \u0160imona ko\u017eeluha. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho dne v poledne, kdy\u017e se poslov\u00e9 ji\u017e bl\u00ed\u017eili k m\u011bstu, se apo\u0161tol Petr na st\u0159e\u0161e domu modlil. Dostal hlad, a zat\u00edmco mu p\u0159ipravovali j\u00eddlo, m\u011bl vid\u011bn\u00ed, jak se z otev\u0159en\u00e9ho nebe sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e1 plachta. Byly v n\u00ed v\u0161echny druhy \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f: \u010dtverno\u017eci, plazi i pt\u00e1ci. Zazn\u011bl k n\u011bmu hlas: \u201eVsta\u0148, Pet\u0159e, zab\u00edjej a jez!\u201c Petr odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eTo ne, Pane! Je\u0161t\u011b nikdy jsem nejedl nic, co poskvr\u0148uje a zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje. Ale hlas se ozval znovu: \u201eCo B\u016fh prohl\u00e1sil za \u010dist\u00e9, nepokl\u00e1dej za ne\u010dist\u00e9.\u201c To se stalo t\u0159ikr\u00e1t a pak plachta zmizela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zjeven\u00ed ale bylo sp\u00ed\u0161 o n\u011b\u010dem jin\u00e9m ne\u017e o j\u00eddle. Apo\u0161tol p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel, kdy\u017e ho nakonec na\u0161li poslov\u00e9 Korn\u00e9lia a p\u0159edali mu pozv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho p\u00e1na. Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161\u016fv z\u00e1kon d\u011blil zv\u00ed\u0159ata na \u010dist\u00e1 a ne\u010dist\u00e1. \u017did\u00e9 nemohli j\u00edst ne\u010dist\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, a jako vyvolen\u00fd n\u00e1rod nesm\u011bli nav\u0161t\u011bvovat domy pohan\u016f. Ale nastaly jin\u00e9 \u010dasy. Kristus cht\u011bl p\u0159iv\u00edtat ve sv\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi i pohany, proto\u017ee i je vykoupil svou krv\u00ed. A bez toho zjeven\u00ed by Petr sotva souhlasil s n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvou Korn\u00e9lia. B\u016fh vyvolil sv\u00e9ho apo\u0161tola pro tuto misii, a Petr bez v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161el: \u201eDob\u0159e v\u00edte, \u017ee \u017eid\u016fm nen\u00ed dovoleno st\u00fdkat se s pohany a nav\u0161t\u011bvovat je. Mn\u011b v\u0161ak B\u016fh uk\u00e1zal, abych si o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m \u010dlov\u011bku nemyslel, \u017ee styk s n\u00edm poskvr\u0148uje nebo zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V dom\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho d\u016fstojn\u00edka se se\u0161la cel\u00e1 jeho rodina a p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9. Apo\u0161tol Petr jim vypr\u00e1v\u011bl o Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b pozemsk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, o jeho z\u00e1zrac\u00edch, smrti na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei a zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e Petr mluvil, sestoupil Duch Svat\u00fd na v\u0161echny, kte\u0159\u00ed tu \u0159e\u010d sly\u0161eli. Brat\u0159\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li s Petrem, \u017easli, \u017ee i pohan\u016fm byl d\u00e1n dar Ducha Svat\u00e9ho. Petr na\u0159\u00eddil, aby cel\u00e1 Korn\u00e9liova rodina byla pok\u0159t\u011bna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale ne v\u0161ichni jeruzal\u00e9m\u0161t\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 mohli p\u0159ijmout skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se k c\u00edrkvi p\u0159ipojili pohan\u00e9. Av\u0161ak pot\u00e9, co vyslechli Petrovo sv\u011bdectv\u00ed, sami za\u010dali hl\u00e1sat Kristovu v\u00edru pohan\u016fm. V Antiochii, kter\u00e1 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b byla centrem cel\u00e9ho V\u00fdchodu a t\u0159et\u00edm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011bstem \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, velik\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed uv\u011b\u0159ilo a obr\u00e1tilo se k P\u00e1nu. Apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 z Jeruzal\u00e9ma tam poslali bratra jm\u00e9nem Barnab\u00e1\u0161, a ten p\u0159ivedl s sebou Saula. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v Antiochii byli u\u010dedn\u00edci poprv\u00e9 nazv\u00e1ni k\u0159es\u0165any.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Misijn\u00ed cesta Pavla a Barnab\u00e1\u0161e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Skutky apo\u0161tol\u016f, kapitoly 13 a 14)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zde, v Antiochii, b\u011bhem bohoslu\u017eby Duch Svat\u00fd zjevil c\u00edrkvi, \u017ee B\u016fh vyvolil Barnab\u00e1\u0161e a Pavla pro zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed slu\u017ebu. Pot\u00e9, co p\u0159ijali po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed antiochijsk\u00e9 komunity, po modlitb\u011b a p\u016fstu se Kristovi apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 vydali na cestu. Barnab\u00e1\u0161 poch\u00e1zel z ostrova Kypr, kam se i vydali. Na Kypru sv\u00fdm k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm a z\u00e1zraky apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 obr\u00e1tili ke Kristu samotn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce ostrova. Pot\u00e9 pokra\u010dovali ve sv\u00e9 cest\u011b a k\u00e1zali v Mal\u00e9 Asii, v oblastech Perge, Pisidia a Ikonia. Ve v\u0161ech m\u011bstech zakl\u00e1dali apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 komunity k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f. Po n\u00e1vratu do Antiochie je\u0161t\u011b jednou nav\u0161t\u00edvili zalo\u017een\u00e9 sbory a v ka\u017ed\u00e9m ustanovili presbytery, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli v\u00e9st c\u00edrkevn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed a konat bohoslu\u017eby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apo\u0161tolsk\u00fd sn\u011bm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Skutky apo\u0161tol\u016f 15, 1:35)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne v\u0161em \u017eidovsk\u00fdm k\u0159es\u0165an\u016fm se l\u00edbilo, \u017ee se mnoho pohan\u016f obr\u00e1tilo ke Kristu,. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b b\u00fdval\u00ed farizeov\u00e9, tvrdili, \u017ee v\u0161ichni k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 mus\u00ed plnit Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161\u016fv z\u00e1kon a nechat se ob\u0159ezat. Ob\u0159\u00edzku po\u017eadovali i od k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f pohansk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Aby se tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161il, se\u0161li se apo\u0161tolov\u00e9, presbyte\u0159i a oby\u010dejn\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohoto sn\u011bmu se \u00fa\u010dastnili i Pavel s Barnab\u00e1\u0161em. Pot\u00e9, co popsali z\u00e1zraky a znamen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1zely jejich zv\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed pohan\u016fm, slovo p\u0159evzal apo\u0161tol Jakub, bratr P\u00e1n\u011b. Byl p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm samotn\u00e9ho P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista a hlavou Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve. Apo\u0161tol Jakub p\u0159ipomn\u011bl poslucha\u010d\u016fm staroz\u00e1konn\u00ed proroctv\u00ed o vstupu do c\u00edrkve pohan\u016f a nab\u00eddl osvobodit je od pln\u011bn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci sn\u011bmu podpo\u0159ili apo\u0161tola Jakuba a napsali dopis k\u0159es\u0165an\u016fm v Antiochii s jasn\u00fdmi pokyny: \u201eToto jest rozhodnut\u00ed Ducha svat\u00e9ho i na\u0161e: Nikdo a\u0165 v\u00e1s nezat\u011b\u017euje jin\u00fdmi povinnostmi ne\u017e t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 jsou naprosto nutn\u00e9: Zdr\u017eujte se v\u0161eho, co bylo ob\u011btov\u00e1no modl\u00e1m, tak\u00e9 krve, pak masa zv\u00ed\u0159at, kter\u00e1 nebyla zbavena krve, a kone\u010dn\u011b smilstva.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cesty apo\u0161tola Pavla<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evangelista Luk\u00e1\u0161 v\u00a0knize Skutk\u016f popsal t\u0159i misijn\u00ed cesty apo\u0161tola Pavla. Obvykle Pavel, kdy\u017e p\u0159ich\u00e1zel do n\u011bjak\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, za\u010d\u00ednal k\u00e1zat v \u017eidovsk\u00e9 synagoze, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnoval velkou pozornost \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed evangelia mezi pohany. Mnoho lid\u00ed tou\u017eilo sly\u0161et slovo o Spasiteli. N\u011bkter\u00fdm \u017did\u016fm v\u0161ak apo\u0161tolova misie vadila, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee ned\u011blal rozd\u00edl mezi \u017didy a pohany. V\u0161emo\u017en\u011b mu v\u00a0tom br\u00e1nili a sna\u017eili se proti n\u011bmu po\u0161tvat i pohany. N\u011bkdy sami pohan\u00e9 pron\u00e1sledovali Pavla a obvi\u0148ovali ho z toho, \u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159il zvyky, kter\u00e9 \u0158\u00edman\u016fm byly ciz\u00ed, a pomlouval pohansk\u00e9 bohy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ve sv\u00fdch epi\u0161tol\u00e1ch Pavel s\u00e1m popsal pot\u00ed\u017ee, kter\u00fdm musel \u010delit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eVe v\u011bzen\u00ed jsem byl v\u00edcekr\u00e1t, ran jsem u\u017eil do sytosti, smrti jsem \u010dasto hled\u011bl do tv\u00e1\u0159e. Od \u017did\u016f jsem byl p\u011btkr\u00e1t odsouzen ke \u010dty\u0159iceti ran\u00e1m bez jedn\u00e9, t\u0159ikr\u00e1t jsem byl trest\u00e1n hol\u00ed, jednou jsem byl kamenov\u00e1n, t\u0159ikr\u00e1t jsem s lod\u00ed ztroskotal, noc a den jsem jako trose\u010dn\u00edk str\u00e1vil na \u0161ir\u00e9m mo\u0159i. \u010castokr\u00e1t jsem byl na cest\u00e1ch \u2013 v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed na \u0159ek\u00e1ch, v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed od lupi\u010d\u016f, v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed od vlastn\u00edho lidu, v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed od pohan\u016f, v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ve m\u011bstech, v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v pustin\u00e1ch, v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed na mo\u0159i, v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed mezi fale\u0161n\u00fdmi brat\u0159\u00edmi, v n\u00e1maze do \u00fapadu, \u010dasto v bezesn\u00fdch noc\u00edch, o hladu a \u017e\u00edzni, v \u010dast\u00fdch postech, v zim\u011b a bez od\u011bvu. A nadto je\u0161t\u011b na mne denn\u011b dol\u00e9h\u00e1 starost o v\u0161echny c\u00edrkve.\u201c (2. Korintsk\u00fdm 11:23\u201328)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apo\u0161tol Pavel se sna\u017eil nejen obr\u00e1tit co nejv\u00edce lid\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 pou\u010dit a upevnit ve v\u00ed\u0159e ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se obr\u00e1tili. Kdy\u017e po sv\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00ed cest\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edvil Jeruzal\u00e9m, \u017did\u00e9 ho cht\u011bli zab\u00edt. Apo\u0161tola zachr\u00e1nil z\u00e1sah \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho vojev\u016fdce, kter\u00fd udr\u017eoval v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b po\u0159\u00e1dek. Apo\u0161tola v\u0161ak nepustil, ale poslal ho do Cesareje k judsk\u00e9mu prokonzulovi. Prokonzul dr\u017eel apo\u0161tola Pavla dva roky u sebe, cht\u011bl pot\u011b\u0161it \u017didy a tak\u00e9 doufal, \u017ee dostane v\u00fdkupn\u00e9. Po dvou letech zat\u010den\u00ed apo\u0161tol Pavel za\u017e\u00e1dal, aby jako \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd ob\u010dan byl souzen samotn\u00fdm c\u00edsa\u0159em. Cesta do \u0158\u00edma byla dlouh\u00e1 a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. V \u0158\u00edm\u011b Pavel \u010dekal na soud dal\u0161\u00ed dva roky. V dom\u00e1c\u00edm v\u011bzen\u00ed se \u017eivil svou prac\u00ed, p\u0159ij\u00edmal ka\u017ed\u00e9ho n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edka, sm\u011ble k\u00e1zal a u\u010dil o P\u00e1nu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i Kristu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edm kon\u010d\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed knihy Skutk\u016f apo\u0161tol\u016f. Z c\u00edrkevn\u00ed tradice v\u00edme, \u017ee apo\u0161tol Pavel byl popraven v \u0158\u00edm\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento velik\u00fd apo\u0161tol Krist\u016fv se i b\u011bhem cest sna\u017eil podporovat komunity, kter\u00e9 zalo\u017eil. \u010ctrn\u00e1ct jeho epi\u0161tol c\u00edrkv\u00edm a jednotlivc\u016fm bylo zahrnuto do Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jakub, bratr P\u00e1n\u011b, a jeho mu\u010dednick\u00e1 smrt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed prvomu\u010dedn\u00edka \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed Kristovy c\u00edrkve v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b neustalo. Na p\u0159\u00edkaz \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Heroda Agrippy I., vnuka nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho Heroda I., byl s\u0165at me\u010dem apo\u0161tol Jakub, bratr evangelisty Jana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apo\u0161tol Jakub, bratr P\u00e1n\u011b, kter\u00fd st\u00e1l v \u010dele Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve, byl vysoce ct\u011bn nejen k\u0159es\u0165any, ale i \u017didy. Proslavil se sv\u00fdm zbo\u017en\u00fdm \u017eivotem a \u0159\u00edkalo se mu Spravedliv\u00fd. \u010casto se dlouho modlil v jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu, aby B\u016fh jeho lidu odpustil. V roce 62 se velekn\u011bzem stal Ann\u00e1\u0161 II. Donutil Sanhedrin, aby obvinili Jakuba z rouh\u00e1n\u00ed a poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona a odsoudili ho k smrti. Apo\u0161tol Jakub byl svr\u017een ze st\u0159echy chr\u00e1mu a ukamenov\u00e1n. Tato vra\u017eda pobou\u0159ila mnoh\u00e9 \u017didy. Kdy\u017e byl po \u017eidovsk\u00e9m povst\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 70 chr\u00e1m zni\u010den, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee to byl trest za vra\u017edu Jakuba Spravedliv\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neronova pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a mu\u010dednick\u00e1 smrt Petra a Pavla<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

19. \u010dervence roku 64 vypukl v \u0158\u00edm\u011b stra\u0161n\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r. Plameny zu\u0159ily p\u011bt dn\u00ed a zni\u010dily mnoho obytn\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00ed. \u0160\u00ed\u0159ily se zv\u011bsti, \u017ee s\u00e1m c\u00edsa\u0159 Nero na\u0159\u00eddil m\u011bsto zap\u00e1lit. Nero, aby zastavil tuto f\u00e1mu, obvinil z katastrofy k\u0159es\u0165any. O k\u0159es\u0165anech \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili ty nejstra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pomluvy a podn\u011bcovali obyvatele k nen\u00e1visti. Tak za\u010dalo krut\u00e9 pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Popravy k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f prov\u00e1zelo mu\u010den\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z odsouzen\u00fdch roztrhala divok\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata v cirkusov\u00e9 ar\u00e9n\u011b; jin\u00e9, p\u0159iv\u00e1zan\u00e9 ke sloup\u016fm, pol\u00edvali smolou a za soumraku zapalovali pro no\u010dn\u00ed osv\u011btlen\u00ed. I pohansk\u00fd historik Tacitus, sou\u010dasn\u00edk t\u011bchto ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, byl \u0161okov\u00e1n krutost\u00ed masakru. Mu\u010dednickou smrt tehdy p\u0159ijali svat\u00ed apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 Petr a Pavel. Petra uk\u0159i\u017eovali hlavou dol\u016f a Pavel byl s\u0165at.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu\u010dednictv\u00edm kon\u010d\u00ed prvn\u00ed kapitola d\u011bjin k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve. Ale krev mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f se stala semenem k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redakce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po sesl\u00e1n\u00ed Ducha Svat\u00e9ho se apo\u0161tolsk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed usadilo v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b. Apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 denn\u011b k\u00e1zali v jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu a na ulic\u00edch m\u011bsta. Apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 vykl\u00e1dali staroz\u00e1konn\u00ed proroctv\u00ed, kter\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[63],"class_list":["post-1392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-svatky-a-svetci","tag-2022-07"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1392"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1399,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392\/revisions\/1399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}