{"id":1331,"date":"2019-02-20T12:02:20","date_gmt":"2019-02-20T11:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=1331"},"modified":"2022-06-29T12:02:51","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T11:02:51","slug":"velky-pust-jako-novy-zacatek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2019\/02\/20\/velky-pust-jako-novy-zacatek\/","title":{"rendered":"Velk\u00fd p\u016fst jako nov\u00fd za\u010d\u00e1tek"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se jedno z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00ed v \u017eivot\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pravoslavn\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165ana \u2013 velk\u00fd p\u016fst. Je to mo\u017enost p\u0159ehodnotit sv\u016fj p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u017eivot, vynulovat sk\u00f3re, restartovat realitu pok\u00e1n\u00edm, modlitbou a sebezap\u0159en\u00edm a nakonec s v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b \u010dist\u00fdm sv\u011bdom\u00edm oslavit nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ud\u00e1lost v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva \u2013 Kristovo zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed. Ale co my vlastn\u011b o velk\u00e9m p\u016fstu v\u00edme?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak vznikl velk\u00fd p\u016fst?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fst se zmi\u0148uje v P\u00edsmu svat\u00e9m, a to jak v Star\u00e9m, tak v Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b. V biblick\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u016fst znamenal \u00fapln\u00e9 zdr\u017een\u00ed se od j\u00eddla a pova\u017eoval se za ob\u011b\u0165 Bohu. Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161 ve Star\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b a P\u00e1n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 v Nov\u00e9m se postili 40 dn\u016f, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho tohoto obdob\u00ed nejedli v\u016fbec nic. Ale v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u016fsty nebyly tak dlouh\u00e9 a trvali n\u011bkolik dn\u016f. V k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed se p\u016fst za\u010dal pova\u017eovat za projev pok\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho doba se prodlou\u017eila, ale zm\u011bnil se zp\u016fsob post\u011bn\u00ed se. P\u0159estal b\u00fdt synonymem hladov\u011bn\u00ed, j\u00edst m\u016f\u017eeme, ale pouze postn\u00ed pokrmy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00fd p\u016fst vznikl jako vzpom\u00ednka na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161\u016fv 40denn\u00ed p\u016fst na pou\u0161ti a jako p\u0159\u00edprava v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch na sv\u00e1tost k\u0159tu, kter\u00e1 se tradi\u010dn\u011b konala na Velkou sobotu, den p\u0159ed Paschou. Spolu s\u00a0katechumeny se postili i ji\u017e pok\u0159t\u011bn\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9. Postn\u00ed lh\u016fta se definitivn\u011b ust\u00e1lila v\u00a0IV. stolet\u00ed, a 69. apo\u0161tolsk\u00e9 pravidlo stanov\u00ed tento p\u016fst jako z\u00e1vazn\u00fd pro v\u0161echny k\u0159es\u0165any.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kdo reguluje p\u0159\u00edsnost p\u016fstu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s\u00e1m post\u00edc\u00ed se a jeho duchovn\u00ed otec. \u0158\u00e1d, podle kter\u00e9ho \u017eije pravoslavn\u00e1 c\u00edrkev, je ur\u010den hlavn\u011b pro mnichy. Existuje postn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159, v n\u011bm\u017e je pops\u00e1no, jak\u00e9 potraviny se dovoluj\u00ed v ten \u010di onen den v pr\u016fb\u011bhu p\u016fstu. Ale pro laiky je to pouze orienta\u010dn\u00ed bod. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed cestou je poradit se s kn\u011bzem, kter\u00fd dob\u0159e zn\u00e1 v\u00e1s a va\u0161e \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se post\u00ed laici?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk nen\u00ed v\u017edy schopen dodr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 gastronomick\u00e1 omezen\u00ed velk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu. Ale p\u016fst nen\u00ed ctnost\u00ed s\u00e1m o sob\u011b, n\u00fdbr\u017e prost\u0159edkem pro jej\u00edch z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsnost prosp\u00edv\u00e1, ale jin\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee u\u0161kodit. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s mus\u00ed nal\u00e9zt svou cestu. Nem\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky jsou modlitba, \u010dten\u00ed P\u00edsma a skutky milosrdenstv\u00ed. Ji\u017e staroz\u00e1konn\u00edm prorok\u016fm B\u016fh \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eChci milosrdenstv\u00ed, ne ob\u011b\u0165\u201c (Oze\u00e1\u0161 6, 6). Laici se v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b post\u00ed podle sv\u00fdch sil a mo\u017enost\u00ed, rad\u00ed se s duchovn\u00edm otcem a zku\u0161en\u00fdmi bratry a sestrami. Pro modern\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka mimo jin\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 omezen\u00ed toho informa\u010dn\u00edho \u0161umu, ve kter\u00e9m \u017eijeme. Zkuste omezit \u010das v\u011bnovan\u00fd prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed film\u016f a surfov\u00e1n\u00ed internetem. M\u00edsto toho se v\u011bnujte sv\u00fdm bl\u00edzk\u00fdm a t\u011bm, kdo pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed va\u0161i pomoc.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k post\u011bn\u00ed shrnul apo\u0161tol Pavel v 14. kapitole listu \u0158\u00edman\u016fm: \u201eBratra ve v\u00ed\u0159e slab\u0161\u00edho p\u0159ij\u00edmejte mezi sebe, ale nep\u0159ete se s n\u00edm o jeho n\u00e1zorech. N\u011bkdo t\u0159eba v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edst v\u0161echno, slab\u00fd v\u0161ak j\u00ed jen rostlinnou stravu. Ten, kdo j\u00ed v\u0161ecko, nech\u0165 nezleh\u010duje toho, kdo nej\u00ed, a kdo nej\u00ed, nech\u0165 neodsuzuje toho, kdo j\u00ed; v\u017edy\u0165 B\u016fh jej p\u0159ijal za sv\u00e9ho. Kdo jsi ty, \u017ee soud\u00ed\u0161 ciz\u00edho slu\u017eebn\u00edka?… Kdo j\u00ed, d\u011bl\u00e1 to P\u00e1nu ke cti, nebo\u0165 d\u011bkuje Bohu; a kdo nej\u00ed, d\u011bl\u00e1 to tak\u00e9 P\u00e1nu ke cti, nebo\u0165 i on d\u011bkuje Bohu\u2026 Pro\u010d tedy, ty slab\u00fd, soud\u00ed\u0161 sv\u00e9ho bratra? A ty, siln\u00fd, pro\u010d zleh\u010duje\u0161 sv\u00e9ho bratra? V\u0161ichni p\u0159ece staneme p\u0159ed soudnou stolic\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed\u2026 Nesu\u010fme u\u017e tedy jeden druh\u00e9ho, ale rad\u011bji posu\u010fte, jak jednat, abyste nekladli bratru do cesty k\u00e1men \u00farazu a nep\u016fsobili pohor\u0161en\u00ed\u2026 Neuv\u00e1d\u011bj tedy sv\u00fdm j\u00eddlem do z\u00e1huby toho, za n\u011bj\u017e Kristus um\u0159el! Nevyd\u00e1vej v potupu to dobr\u00e9, co jste p\u0159ijali. V\u017edy\u0165 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed nen\u00ed v tom, co j\u00edte a pijete, n\u00fdbr\u017e ve spravedlnosti, pokoji a radosti z Ducha svat\u00e9ho\u2026 Neni\u010d kv\u016fli pokrmu Bo\u017e\u00ed d\u00edlo! Ano, v\u0161ecko je \u010dist\u00e9, zl\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo pohor\u0161uje druh\u00e9ho t\u00edm, co j\u00ed. Je tedy dobr\u00e9 nej\u00edst maso a nep\u00edt v\u00edno a ned\u011blat nic, co je tv\u00e9mu bratru kamenem \u00farazu. Tv\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a\u0165 z\u016fstane mezi tebou a Bohem.\u201c<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se post\u00ed d\u011bti?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Postn\u00ed m\u00edru pro d\u011bti ur\u010duj\u00ed rodi\u010de. Nikdo ne\u010dek\u00e1 od d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 asketick\u00e9 \u010diny, a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nevylu\u010duje z jejich j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku potraviny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro rozvoj rostouc\u00edho organismu. Postn\u00ed omezen\u00ed se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pamlsk\u016f, bez kter\u00fdch se d\u00e1 snadno obej\u00edt, a her, hlavn\u011b t\u011bch, co maj\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch mobilech a tabletech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed d\u011btsk\u00e9ho post\u011bn\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kon\u00e1n\u00ed dobr\u00fdch skutk\u016f a z\u00e1pasen\u00ed se zlozvyky. V\u00e1\u0161n\u011b pokou\u0161\u00ed lidskou du\u0161i ji\u017e od ran\u00e9ho v\u011bku. Proto i boj proti nim je t\u0159eba zah\u00e1jit co nejd\u0159\u00edv. Pro d\u00edt\u011b se p\u016fst m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t dobrou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed pro z\u00e1pas s lenost\u00ed, lhavost\u00ed a rozmary. Ale nesm\u00ed se z toho st\u00e1t nudn\u00e1 povinnost, form\u00e1ln\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakol nebo rodi\u010d\u016fv rozkaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdo se nepost\u00ed nebo se post\u00ed jen omezen\u011b?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed se ur\u010dit\u00e1 zeslaben\u00ed postn\u00edch pravidel nebo jeho \u00fapln\u00e9 vylou\u010den\u00ed mohou t\u00fdkat nemocn\u00fdch a star\u00fdch lid\u00ed, t\u011bhotn\u00fdch a koj\u00edc\u00edch \u017een, v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, voj\u00e1k\u016f a t\u011b\u017ece pracuj\u00edc\u00edch nebo cestuj\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed. Ale je t\u0159eba podotknout, \u017ee tady jde jenom o gastronomick\u00e1 pravidla. Sebeomezen\u00ed v z\u00e1bav\u00e1ch a po\u017eitc\u00edch a zes\u00edlen\u00ed modlitby plat\u00ed pro v\u0161echny tyto kategorie stejn\u011b jako pro ostatn\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d postn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159 v n\u011bkter\u00e9 dny vylu\u010duje olej?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monast\u00fdrsk\u00e1 pravidla dovoluj\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1vat k j\u00eddlu olej jen v\u00a0sobotu, v\u00a0ned\u011bli a v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u0161edn\u00ed dny. Na laiky se takov\u00fd n\u00e1rok samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neklade. V\u00a0ji\u017en\u00edch zem\u00edch, kde se vytvo\u0159il sou\u010dasn\u00fd c\u00edrkevn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d, lid\u00e9 v\u017edy m\u011bli na stole olivy, proto byl olej pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nadbyte\u010dn\u00fd. Pro pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho Evropana olivy nejsou potravinou, kter\u00e1 nikdy nechyb\u00ed v\u00a0ledni\u010dce. Olej naopak je b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoliv j\u00eddla a v\u016fbec nen\u00ed jakousi pochoutkou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pije se v postn\u00ed dob\u011b alkohol?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V n\u011bkter\u00e9 postn\u00ed dny se dovoluje mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00edna. Siln\u00fd alkohol je pochopiteln\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1n. P\u016fst je dobou soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed a koncentrace. Alkohol k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 koncentraci nep\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 a br\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bku v duchovn\u00edm rozvoji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak je to s rybou, krevetami a dal\u0161\u00edmi mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi plody?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ryba se j\u00ed pouze dvakr\u00e1t za celou dobu velk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu \u2013 na sv\u00e1tek Zv\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esvat\u00e9 Bohorodici (7. dubna) a na Kv\u011btnou ned\u011bli (ned\u011ble p\u0159ed Paschou). Ale pokud Zv\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na Velk\u00fd t\u00fdden, ryba se vylu\u010duje. Podle rusk\u00e9 tradice den p\u0159ed Kv\u011btnou ned\u011bl\u00ed, na Lazarovou sobotu, si v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed mohou dovolit ryb\u00ed kavi\u00e1r. Ale je tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba pamatovat, \u017ee p\u016fst je\u0161t\u011b pokra\u010duje, a ned\u011blat si ze sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00e9ho ob\u011bda carskou hostinu. Ryba se m\u016f\u017ee ponechat b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho postn\u00edho obdob\u00ed v j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een nebo student\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivu pro dobr\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se tyto v\u011bci \u0159e\u0161\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u011b spolu s duchovn\u00edm otcem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 krevet, je to docela sporn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0\u0158ecku, kde mo\u0159sk\u00e9 plody jsou tradi\u010dn\u00ed a dostupnou stravou, krevety j\u00ed nejen laici, ale v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 dny i mni\u0161\u00ed. Ale v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch mo\u0159sk\u00e9 plody b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm j\u00eddlem nejsou. Tak\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se post\u00ed, by se m\u011bl poradit se sv\u00fdm duchovn\u00edm otcem, jestli v\u00a0jeho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku budou krevety, kalam\u00e1ry a jin\u00e9 dary mo\u0159e. Ale pokud jsou krevety pro v\u00e1s obl\u00edbenou pochoutkou, bylo by rozumn\u011b je vylou\u010dit, proto\u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00edm postn\u00edm pravidlem je to, \u017ee strava mus\u00ed b\u00fdt prost\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Na co d\u00e1vat pozor krom\u011b j\u00eddla?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00fd p\u016fst nen\u00ed jenom gastronomickou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. B\u011bhem postn\u00edho obdob\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eeme nacvi\u010dit spoustu dobr\u00fdch zvyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m pak usnadn\u00ed \u017eivot. M\u016f\u017eeme t\u0159eba p\u0159estat marnit \u010das. Na\u0161im postn\u00edm p\u0159edsevzet\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u011bnov\u00e1n\u00ed se jenom podstatn\u00fdm v\u011bcem \u2013 pr\u00e1ci, studiu, rodinn\u00fdm starostem a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm duchovn\u00edmu rozvoji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fst n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee nau\u010dit odpou\u0161t\u011bt. Velkopostn\u00edmu obdob\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed takzvan\u00e1 ned\u011ble odpou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kdy pros\u00edme o odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9 bl\u00edzk\u00e9 a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b odpou\u0161t\u00edme sami. M\u011bli bychom se sm\u00ed\u0159it se v\u0161emi a vy\u0159e\u0161it ve\u0161ker\u00e9 star\u00e9 konflikty, aby se velk\u00fd p\u016fst skute\u010dn\u011b stal restartem a nov\u00fdm za\u010d\u00e1tkem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm dobr\u00fdm zvykem se pro n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t zes\u00edlen\u00e1 modlitba. Ur\u010dit\u011b mus\u00edme nav\u0161t\u011bvovat chr\u00e1mov\u00e9 bohoslu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v obdob\u00ed velk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu opravdu unik\u00e1tn\u00ed r\u00e1z. A kone\u010dn\u011b je velk\u00fd p\u016fst dobou, kdy m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat n\u011bkolik mal\u00fdch, ale skute\u010dn\u00fdch krok\u016f k Bohu. Sedm postn\u00edch t\u00fddn\u016f je jako sedm schod\u016f k Pas\u0161e, k v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Krista nad smrt\u00ed a h\u0159\u00edchem. A\u0165 je pro\u017eijeme tak, abychom s \u010dist\u00fdm srdcem oslavili tento Sv\u00e1tek sv\u00e1tk\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se jedno z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00ed v \u017eivot\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pravoslavn\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165ana \u2013 velk\u00fd p\u016fst. Je to mo\u017enost p\u0159ehodnotit sv\u016fj p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u017eivot, vynulovat sk\u00f3re, restartovat realitu pok\u00e1n\u00edm, modlitbou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1335,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[56],"class_list":["post-1331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svatky-a-svetci","tag-2019-02","has-post-thumbnail-archive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1331"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1336,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1331\/revisions\/1336"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}