{"id":1241,"date":"2022-05-28T09:53:27","date_gmt":"2022-05-28T08:53:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=1241"},"modified":"2022-06-28T09:53:37","modified_gmt":"2022-06-28T08:53:37","slug":"rostliny-zminene-v-evangeliu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2022\/05\/28\/rostliny-zminene-v-evangeliu\/","title":{"rendered":"Rostliny zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 v evangeliu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh obsahuje jak hlavn\u00ed, tak nepatrn\u00e9 detaily. Mohou to b\u00fdt popisy krajin, strom\u016f, zv\u00ed\u0159at, po\u010das\u00ed, oble\u010den\u00ed \u010di n\u011bjak\u00fdch zvyk\u016f. Mohlo by se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee kdy\u017e tyto bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9 detaily odstran\u00edme, nic se nezm\u011bn\u00ed, hlavn\u00ed postava z\u016fstane hlavn\u00ed postavou, nep\u0159\u00edtel nep\u0159\u00edtelem, zr\u00e1dce zr\u00e1dcem. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b takov\u00e9 podrobnosti \u010din\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u017eiv\u00fdm pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm, pom\u00e1haj\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i l\u00e9pe pochopit sv\u011bt, v&nbsp;n\u011bm\u017e se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011bj knihy. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evangelium je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem o na\u0161\u00ed sp\u00e1se, kter\u00e1 se uskute\u010dnila d\u00edky vt\u011blen\u00e9mu Bohu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i Kristu. Je to hlavn\u00ed linie evangeln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu, jsou v&nbsp;n\u011bm v\u0161ak i nepatrn\u00e9 detaily. Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 \u017eil 33 let na zemi mezi lidmi. Jedl, pil, pracoval, obl\u00e9kal se, jezdil na osl\u00e1tku, trhal ovoce ze strom\u016f, op\u00e9kal ryby na ohni. A ve sv\u00fdch k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edval obrazy p\u0159evzat\u00e9 ze \u017eivota past\u00fd\u0159\u016f a vina\u0159\u016f, or\u00e1\u010d\u016f a ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Tyto popisy palestinsk\u00e9ho v\u0161edn\u00edho \u017eivota vybarvuj\u00ed evangeln\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed syt\u00fdmi barvami, p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed n\u00e1m ho. Proto\u017ee i dnes \u017eijeme mezi stromy a bylinami, pracujeme, va\u0159\u00edme si pokrmy, chov\u00e1me dobytek \u010di dom\u00e1c\u00ed mazl\u00ed\u010dky. A snad se pomoc\u00ed takov\u00fdch nepatrn\u00fdch detail\u016f hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdznam evangelia stane srozumiteln\u00fd pro v\u00edce lid\u00ed. Pomoct mohou t\u0159eba i p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy n\u011bkter\u00fdch rostlin zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch v&nbsp;Bibli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>F\u00edkovn\u00edk<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u00edkovn\u00edk je jednou z&nbsp;nej\u010dast\u011bji zmi\u0148ovan\u00fdch rostlin v&nbsp;Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b. Pod n\u00edm Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vid\u011bl sv\u00e9ho budouc\u00edho u\u010dedn\u00edka Natanaela, o \u010dem\u017e mu i \u0159ekl: <em>\u0158ekl mu Natanael: \u201eOdkud m\u011b zn\u00e1\u0161?\u201c Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 mu odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eD\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e t\u011b Filip zavolal, vid\u011bl jsem t\u011b pod f\u00edkem.<\/em>\u201c (Jan 1:48)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00e1n proklel f\u00edkovn\u00edk, kdy\u017e na n\u011bm nenalezl ovoce: <em>Spat\u0159il u cesty f\u00edkovn\u00edk a \u0161el k n\u011bmu; ale nic na n\u011bm nenalezl, jen list\u00ed. I \u0159ekl mu: \u201eA\u0165 se na tob\u011b na v\u011bky neurod\u00ed ovoce!\u201c A ten f\u00edkovn\u00edk najednou uschl<\/em>. (Matou\u0161 21:19)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A nakonec pr\u00e1v\u011b na f\u00edkovn\u00edk vlezl mali\u010dk\u00fd Zacheus, aby uvid\u011bl Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e: <em>Tam byl mu\u017e jm\u00e9nem Zacheus, vrchn\u00ed celn\u00edk a velik\u00fd boh\u00e1\u010d;&nbsp;tou\u017eil uvid\u011bt Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, aby poznal, kdo to je, ale pon\u011bvad\u017e byl mal\u00e9 postavy, nemohl ho pro z\u00e1stup spat\u0159it.&nbsp;B\u011b\u017eel proto nap\u0159ed a vylezl na f\u00edk, aby ho uvid\u011bl, nebo\u0165 tudy m\u011bl j\u00edt<\/em>. (Luk\u00e1\u0161 19:2\u20134)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u00edkovn\u00edk u n\u00e1s bohu\u017eel neroste. Jeho plody si m\u016f\u017eeme koupit v\u00a0supermarketech, nej\u010dast\u011bji v\u0161ak v\u00a0su\u0161en\u00e9 podob\u011b. F\u00edky jsou velice jemn\u00e9 a p\u0159i neopatrn\u00e9m skladov\u00e1n\u00ed se rychle kaz\u00ed. Proto se je\u0161t\u011b ve starov\u011bku lid\u00e9 nau\u010dili f\u00edky su\u0161it. Su\u0161en\u00e9 f\u00edky jsou velmi v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00fdm produktem, sta\u010d\u00ed n\u011bkolik plod\u016f, abyste nec\u00edtili hlad cel\u00fd den. F\u00edky se z\u00e1sobovali t\u0159eba voj\u00e1ci Alexandra Makedonsk\u00e9ho p\u0159i v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch ta\u017een\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1_Fikovnik-712x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1242\" width=\"356\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1_Fikovnik-712x1024.jpg 712w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1_Fikovnik-209x300.jpg 209w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1_Fikovnik.jpg 736w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u00edkovn\u00edk poch\u00e1z\u00ed z&nbsp;Mal\u00e9 Asie, ale dnes je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en v&nbsp;cel\u00e9m St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jednu z nejstar\u0161\u00edch kulturn\u00edch rostlin. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee f\u00edkovn\u00edk je jednou z prvn\u00edch rostlin, kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk za\u010dal speci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u011bstovat ve sv\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch. Je to pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00fd strom se siln\u00fdm kmenem, dosahuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky 12 metr\u016f. Ve st\u00ednu jeho hust\u00e9ho list\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 odpo\u010dinout a vychutnat si sladk\u00e9 ovoce. V\u00fdraz \u201ebydlet pod sv\u00fdm f\u00edkovn\u00edkem\u201c v Bibli symbolizuje ide\u00e1l bla\u017eenosti a pohody. Prorok Miche\u00e1\u0161 takto popisuje zasl\u00edben\u00fd nov\u00fd Jeruzal\u00e9m: <em>Ka\u017ed\u00fd bude bydlet pod svou vinnou r\u00e9vou, pod sv\u00fdm f\u00edkovn\u00edkem, a nikdo ho nevyd\u011bs\u00ed<\/em> (4:4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u00edkovn\u00edk m\u00e1 mnoho zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad neobvykl\u00e9 uzav\u0159en\u00e9 cibulovit\u00e9 kv\u011btenstv\u00ed zvan\u00e9 syconium. Syconium vypad\u00e1 jako velk\u00e1 dut\u00e1 \u201ebobule\u201c. U jin\u00fdch ovocn\u00fdch strom\u016f kv\u011btiny a posl\u00e9ze i plody vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed na konc\u00edch kvetouc\u00edch v\u00fdhonk\u016f. U f\u00edkovn\u00edku sykonia rostou p\u0159\u00edmo na kmeni a velk\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00edch. Na vnit\u0159n\u00edm povrchu sykoni\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed po\u010detn\u00e9 mal\u00e9 kv\u011bty, z nich\u017e pak uvnit\u0159 dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed plody obalen\u00e9 v lahodn\u00e9 du\u017ein\u011b. A to, co pova\u017eujeme za plod f\u00edku, je ve skute\u010dnosti samotn\u00e9 syconium, uzav\u0159en\u00e9 kv\u011btenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro vznik plod\u016f v\u0161echny ovocn\u00e9 stromy pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed opyluj\u00edc\u00ed hmyz. Jak ale opylovat kv\u011bty f\u00edk\u016f ukryt\u00e9 uvnit\u0159 sykonia? I zde m\u00e1 f\u00edkovn\u00edk sv\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. Opyluje ho zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed druh hmyzu \u2013 vosi\u010dky f\u00edkovnice. Pronikaj\u00ed do mal\u00e9ho otvoru v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti sykonia. Tito pomocn\u00edci f\u00edkovn\u00edku \u017eij\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na strom\u011b, vedle budouc\u00ed \u00farody. Na f\u00edkovn\u00edku rostou dva druhy sykoni\u00ed \u2013 s dlouhou a kr\u00e1tkou \u010dn\u011blkou. Z&nbsp;prvn\u00edch, \u0161\u0165avnat\u00fdch, se pak st\u00e1vaj\u00ed f\u00edky. Druh\u00e9 jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro to, aby oplozen\u00e9 sami\u010dky vosi\u010dek do nich kladly vaj\u00ed\u010dka. Opylen\u00e9 kv\u011bty s dlouhou \u010dn\u011blkou dozraj\u00ed a vytvo\u0159\u00ed semena, z kv\u011bt\u016f s kr\u00e1tkou \u010dn\u011blkou se vyl\u00edhnou mlad\u00e9 vosi\u010dky. Tak f\u00edkovn\u00edk s\u00e1m bez pomoci zahradn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159ipravuje dome\u010dky pro sv\u00e9 opylova\u010de. Tyto dome\u010dky se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od f\u00edkov\u00fdch plod\u016f. Jsou tu\u017e\u0161\u00ed a men\u0161\u00ed. Vosi\u010dky f\u00edkovnice jsou pro \u010dlov\u011bka ne\u0161kodn\u00e9, nikdy nekou\u0161ou a chovaj\u00ed se velmi m\u00edrumilovn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011bhem l\u00e9ta jeden f\u00edkovn\u00edk vyprodukuje asi tunu f\u00edk\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed \u00farodu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem podzimu. Ale sykonia se na stromu objevuj\u00ed n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t do roka. Prvn\u00ed kv\u011btenstv\u00ed se na v\u011btv\u00edch objevuj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b na ja\u0159e, d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e vyrostou listy. A jsou mezi nimi i \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e1 sykonia, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed jedl\u00e9 plody, i kdy\u017e je jich v tuto dobu velmi m\u00e1lo. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto jarn\u00ed plody hledal Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 na f\u00edkovn\u00edku popsan\u00e9m v evangeliu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R\u00e1kos, kter\u00fdm k\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00edtr<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V evangeliu je pas\u00e1\u017e, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159i prvn\u00edm \u010dten\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 porozum\u011bt. Jde o Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova slova, kter\u00e1 pronesl po rozhovoru s u\u010dedn\u00edky Jana K\u0159titele: <em>Kdy\u017e Janovi u\u010dedn\u00edci odch\u00e1zeli, za\u010dal Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 mluvit k z\u00e1stup\u016fm o Janovi: \u201eNa co jste se vy\u0161li na pou\u0161\u0165 pod\u00edvat? Na r\u00e1kos, kter\u00fdm k\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00edtr?\u201c<\/em> (Matou\u0161 11:7). Co je to za r\u00e1kos? A pro\u010d j\u00edm k\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00edtr?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik druh\u016f r\u00e1kosu. Jeden z nich dor\u016fst\u00e1 a\u017e \u010dty\u0159metrov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky. Jeho st\u00e9bla jsou pokryta \u00fazk\u00fdmi dlouh\u00fdmi listy a naho\u0159e jsou zakon\u010dena velk\u00fdm kv\u011btenstv\u00edm v podob\u011b rozlo\u017eit\u00e9 laty, kter\u00e1 se rozpad\u00e1 na \u010detn\u00e9 klasy. Samotn\u00e9 stonky jsou dlouh\u00e9, pru\u017en\u00e9 a siln\u00e9, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako strom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/3_Rakos-748x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1243\" width=\"374\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/3_Rakos-748x1024.jpg 748w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/3_Rakos-219x300.jpg 219w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/3_Rakos-768x1052.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/3_Rakos.jpg 876w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 374px) 100vw, 374px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00e1kos se ve starov\u011bku pou\u017e\u00edval pom\u011brn\u011b \u0161iroce a byl p\u011bstov\u00e1n pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 pot\u0159eby. Tvrd\u00e9 stonky se nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017e\u00edvaly jako podp\u011bry pro vinnou r\u00e9vu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00e1kosov\u00e9 hole se zmi\u0148uj\u00ed v nejtragi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pas\u00e1\u017e\u00edch evangelia. Takovou h\u016fl m\u00edsto \u017eezla \u2013 znamen\u00ed kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 moci \u2013 dali Kristu do prav\u00e9 ruky voj\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed se mu posm\u00edvali (Matou\u0161 27:29\u201330). Na r\u00e1kosovou ty\u010d byla nabodnuta houba s octem a pod\u00e1na uk\u0159i\u017eovan\u00e9mu Spasiteli (Matou\u0161 27:48).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vra\u0165me se ale k&nbsp;r\u00e1kosu, kter\u00fdm k\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00edtr. Tento druh rostliny m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed stonky, je ten\u010d\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b siln\u00fd a odoln\u00fd. Ned\u00e1 se z n\u011bj vyrobit nic u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho, \u200b\u200bproto ho lid\u00e9 nikdy nep\u011bstovali. Tento r\u00e1kos se vyskytuje v\u0161ude ve vlhk\u00fdch a ba\u017einat\u00fdch oblastech. Roste i v Palestin\u011b pod\u00e9l b\u0159eh\u016f \u0159eky Jord\u00e1n, kde k\u00e1zal Jan K\u0159titel. Tenk\u00e1 st\u00e9bla r\u00e1kosu se snadno oh\u00fdbaj\u00ed a k\u00fdvat jimi m\u016f\u017ee i ten nejslab\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1nek. Pro\u010d ale Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 pou\u017eil tento obraz, kdy\u017e mluvil o Janovi? Svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 Velik\u00fd to vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eNa co jste se vy\u0161li na pou\u0161\u0165 pod\u00edvat? Na r\u00e1kos, kter\u00fdm k\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00edtr? To \u0159ekl o Janovi ne kladn\u011b, ale z\u00e1porn\u011b. Nebo\u0165 r\u00e1kos, jakmile zavane v\u00edtr, se okam\u017eit\u011b ohne. Takov\u00fd je ten, kdo se za p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch \u010di nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed p\u0159iklon\u00ed na jednu \u010di druhou stranu. Kdy\u017e na n\u011bj z lidsk\u00fdch rt\u016f vane v\u00edtr p\u0159\u00edzn\u011b, stane se vesel\u00fdm, spokojen\u00fdm a naklon\u011bn\u00fdm. Ale vane-li odtud v\u00edtr nep\u0159\u00edzn\u011b, okam\u017eit\u011b se ohne na opa\u010dnou stranu, ke vzteku. Jan v\u0161ak nebyl r\u00e1kosem, kter\u00fdm k\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00edtr, proto\u017ee ani p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 ho ne\u010dinila p\u0159\u00edv\u011btiv\u00fdm, ani nep\u0159\u00edze\u0148 ho ned\u011blala krut\u00fdm.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Olej milosti Bo\u017e\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;evangeln\u00edm popisu Jeruzal\u00e9ma je m\u00edsto s&nbsp;n\u00e1zvem Getsemansk\u00e1 zahrada. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se P\u00e1n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 modlil v&nbsp;noci p\u0159ed zat\u010den\u00edm. Apo\u0161tol Luk\u00e1\u0161 tuto jeho modlitbu popisuje s&nbsp;dramatick\u00fdmi podrobnostmi: <em>Jeho pot kanul na zem jako kr\u016fp\u011bje krve<\/em> (22:44). V Getsemansk\u00e9 zahrad\u011b Spasitele zradil Jid\u00e1\u0161. Zde byl spout\u00e1n a odveden na mu\u010den\u00ed a smrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Getsemansk\u00e1 zahrada se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na \u00fapat\u00ed Olivov\u00e9 hory (\u0159ecky \u038c\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd). Je pojmenov\u00e1na podle olivovn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 na n\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve hojn\u011b rostly. N\u00e1zev zahrady je vlastn\u011b tak\u00e9 odvozen z&nbsp;olivy, hebrejsk\u00e9 Gat \u0160manim znamen\u00e1 olivov\u00fd lis. Tak\u017ee na ho\u0159e d\u0159\u00edve rostli olivovn\u00edky a v&nbsp;zahrad\u011b se lisoval olivov\u00fd olej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Olivovn\u00edk se do\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 neskute\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00e9ho v\u011bku v rostlinn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Ze v\u0161ech strom\u016f p\u011bstovan\u00fdch \u010dlov\u011bkem \u017eije nejd\u00e9le. Osm z takov\u00fdch olivovn\u00edk\u016f, jejich\u017e st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se odhaduje na 2000 let, st\u00e1le roste v Getsemansk\u00e9 zahrad\u011b. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed botanici dokonce tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee olivovn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee \u017e\u00edt v\u011b\u010dn\u011b pomoc\u00ed sv\u00fdch v\u00fdhonk\u016f, kter\u00e9 vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed z ko\u0159en\u016f star\u00e9ho olivovn\u00edku a st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se z nich nov\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 stromy. Spojen\u00ed s rodi\u010dovsk\u00fdm stromem je v\u0161ak udr\u017eov\u00e1no prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Snad proto se oliva stala v Bibli symbolem rodinn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a nerozd\u011bliteln\u00e9 jednoty rodu: <em>tvoji synov\u00e9 jak olivov\u00e9 ratolesti kolem tv\u00e9ho stolu<\/em> (\u017dalm 128:3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2_Olivovnik.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1244\" width=\"375\" height=\"441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2_Olivovnik.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2_Olivovnik-255x300.jpg 255w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento strom je rozv\u011btven\u00fd a nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fd. M\u016f\u017ee r\u016fst ve skalnat\u00fdch oblastech, je nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, vy\u017eaduje m\u00e1lo vody a sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 sucho. Plody jsou podlouhl\u00e9 a du\u017enat\u00e9. Nejprve jsou zelen\u00e9, pak \u017elutohn\u011bd\u00e9, a nakonec zcela zral\u00e9 tmavnou do \u010derna. Zral\u00e9 olivy vypadaj\u00ed velmi l\u00e1kav\u011b. Pokud v\u00e1s ale napadne takovou bobuli sn\u00edst, okam\u017eit\u011b ji vyplivnete. Je ho\u0159k\u00e1 a trochu p\u00e1l\u00ed v \u00fastech. Z oliv se proto neva\u0159\u00ed kompoty ani d\u017eemy. Nakl\u00e1daj\u00ed se v sudech jako t\u0159eba okurky. Nakl\u00e1dan\u00e9 olivy jsou vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed. Ale hlavn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto plod\u016f je jin\u00e9 \u2013 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se z&nbsp;nich olivov\u00fd olej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kv\u016fli tomu lid\u00e9 odprad\u00e1vna p\u011bstovali olivovn\u00edky. Olivov\u00fd olej se dnes nejv\u00edce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro p\u0159\u00edpravu sal\u00e1t\u016f. Ale ve starov\u011bku to byl nepostradateln\u00fd produkt, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil \u010dlov\u011bku v n\u011bkolika d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch oblastech \u017eivota. Ano, v d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch si olivov\u00fdm olejem tak\u00e9 ochucovali j\u00eddlo a pou\u017e\u00edvali ho na sma\u017een\u00ed. Byl ale tak\u00e9 zdrojem sv\u011btla: lampy se napl\u0148ovaly olivov\u00fdm olejem, jako dnes lamp\u00e1dy v chr\u00e1mech. Olej z plod\u016f olivovn\u00edk\u016f byl z\u00e1kladem l\u00e9k\u016f v\u0161ech druh\u016f \u2013 masti, kapky, lektvary se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly na z\u00e1klad\u011b oleje. Olivov\u00fd olej m\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Zm\u011bk\u010dovaly se j\u00edm strupy na ran\u00e1ch, l\u00e9\u010dily se r\u016fzn\u00e9 ko\u017en\u00ed infekce a \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed choroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00edky t\u00e9to l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 s\u00edle se olej stal symbolem Bo\u017e\u00ed milosti. Slova zn\u00e1m\u00e9 modlitby \u201ePane, smiluj se!\u201c v \u0159e\u010dtin\u011b zn\u011bj\u00ed jako &#8222;Kyrie, eleison!&#8220; \u2014 &#8222;Pane, poma\u017e m\u011b olejem sv\u00e9 milosti!&#8220; Olivov\u00e1 ratolest je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za symbol m\u00edru a obnovy, proto\u017ee b\u011bhem potopy se pr\u00e1v\u011b olivov\u00fd list stal znamen\u00edm konce katastrofy: <em>\u010cekal je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch sedm dn\u00ed a znovu vypustil holubici z archy. A holubice k n\u011bmu v dob\u011b ve\u010dern\u00ed p\u0159il\u00e9tla, a hle, m\u011bla v zob\u00e1\u010dku \u010derstv\u00fd olivov\u00fd l\u00edstek. Tak Noe poznal, \u017ee vody ze zem\u011b ustoupily.<\/em> (Genesis 8:10\u201311)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zahrady olivovn\u00edk\u016f rostou jak na such\u00e9 p\u00eds\u010dit\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b, tak v horsk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch. Sklize\u0148 oliv je zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 a neobvykl\u00e1. Na zemi se rozprost\u00edraj\u00ed dv\u011b velk\u00e1 pl\u00e1tna po obou stran\u00e1ch stromu. Tvo\u0159\u00ed se tak \u010dtverec 12&#215;12 metr\u016f. Pot\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk pomoc\u00ed \u0161tafl\u00ed vy\u0161plh\u00e1 co nejv\u00fd\u0161 a speci\u00e1ln\u00edm velk\u00fdm h\u0159ebenem \u201evy\u010des\u00e1v\u00e1\u201c olivy z v\u011btv\u00ed. Plody padaj\u00ed na pl\u00e1tno, ze kter\u00e9ho se pak p\u0159esypou do krabic. Z plod\u016f jednoho olivovn\u00edku lze vyrobit a\u017e 80 litr\u016f oleje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro lisov\u00e1n\u00ed oleje se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nejvyzr\u00e1lej\u0161\u00ed olivy. Plody se n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t umyj\u00ed vodou, odstran\u00ed se pecky a olivy se rozdrt\u00ed v jemnou ka\u0161i. Pot\u00e9 se tato drcen\u00e1 hmota vytla\u010d\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edm lisem a olej je hotov\u00fd. Z lisu vyt\u00e9k\u00e1 vo\u0148av\u00fd a zdrav\u00fd olivov\u00fd olej. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ten, se kter\u00fdm bibli\u010dt\u00ed spisovatel\u00e9 srovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed milost Bo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alexandr Tka\u010denko<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>www.foma.ru<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh obsahuje jak hlavn\u00ed, tak nepatrn\u00e9 detaily. Mohou to b\u00fdt popisy krajin, strom\u016f, zv\u00ed\u0159at, po\u010das\u00ed, oble\u010den\u00ed \u010di n\u011bjak\u00fdch zvyk\u016f. Mohlo by se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[60],"class_list":["post-1241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biblistika","tag-2022-05"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1241"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1245,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1241\/revisions\/1245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}