{"id":1174,"date":"2022-04-25T11:03:05","date_gmt":"2022-04-25T10:03:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/?p=1174"},"modified":"2022-05-25T11:03:21","modified_gmt":"2022-05-25T10:03:21","slug":"proc-se-na-ikonach-nanebevstoupeni-zobrazuje-apostol-pavel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/2022\/04\/25\/proc-se-na-ikonach-nanebevstoupeni-zobrazuje-apostol-pavel\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d se na ikon\u00e1ch Nanebevstoupen\u00ed zobrazuje apo\u0161tol Pavel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Apo\u0161tol Pavel se na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona objevuje ji\u017e po zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed a nanebevstoupen\u00ed P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. P\u0159esto na n\u011bkter\u00fdch ikon\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bl snadno rozpoznatelnou postavu tohoto apo\u0161tola. Pokud se budeme \u0159\u00eddit p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b historickou chronologi\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 ikony neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed skute\u010dnosti. V prvn\u00edch l\u00e9tech existence k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve byl Pavel, jen\u017e se v t\u00e9 dob\u011b jmenoval Saul, pron\u00e1sledovatelem k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nemohl b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomen p\u0159i nanebevstoupen\u00ed a st\u00e1t mezi nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmi u\u010dedn\u00edky P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, skute\u010dn\u00fdmi sv\u011bdky tohoto z\u00e1zraku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tradice zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed Pavla na ikon\u00e1ch Nanebevstoupen\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b m\u00e1 docela star\u00fd p\u016fvod. Takov\u00e1 ikonografie je patrn\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad v Rabb\u00falov\u011b evangeli\u00e1\u0159i, zn\u00e1m\u00e9m t\u00e9\u017e jako Rabb\u00fal\u016fv kodex. Je to unik\u00e1tn\u00ed iluminovan\u00fd syrsk\u00fd rukopis ze 6. stolet\u00ed, dnes uchov\u00e1van\u00fd ve Florencii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ikonografie zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed tuto ud\u00e1lost p\u0159esahuje doslovnost, zjevuje v\u00edce ne\u017e jen historick\u00fd fakt prostorov\u00e9ho p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed Mesi\u00e1\u0161e ze zem\u011b do Otcova domu. Zobrazen\u00ed apo\u0161tola Pavla mezi ostatn\u00edmi apo\u0161toly zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nepochybnou pravdu, \u017ee nanebevstoupen\u00ed nebylo soukromou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v \u017eivot\u011b Spasitele a jeho nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho okol\u00ed, ale bylo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro celou c\u00edrkev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Apo\u0161tol Pavel se objevuje i na ikon\u00e1ch Sesl\u00e1n\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho Ducha na apo\u0161toly, co\u017e je z\u00a0historick\u00e9ho pohledu tak\u00e9 neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9. Ale proto\u017ee Pavel je neodd\u011bliteln\u00fd od d\u011bjin k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve a sesl\u00e1n\u00ed Ducha je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed pro c\u00edrkev, tento apo\u0161tol nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vynech\u00e1n z\u00a0ikon zobrazuj\u00edc\u00edch tuto rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed ud\u00e1lost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Form\u00e1ln\u011b apo\u0161tol Pavel nepat\u0159\u00ed mezi dvan\u00e1ct apo\u0161tol\u016f ani mezi sedmdes\u00e1t. P\u0159esto je spolu s apo\u0161tolem Petrem naz\u00fdv\u00e1n nejp\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm apo\u0161tolem. S\u00e1m Pavel ve sv\u00fdch listech opakovan\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje sv\u00e9 apo\u0161tolstv\u00ed. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad uvedeme 15. kapitolu 1. listu Korintsk\u00fdm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odevzdal jsem v\u00e1m p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, co jsem s\u00e1m p\u0159ijal, \u017ee Kristus zem\u0159el za na\u0161e h\u0159\u00edchy podle P\u00edsem a byl poh\u0159ben; byl vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en t\u0159et\u00edho dne podle P\u00edsem, uk\u00e1zal se Petrovi, potom Dvan\u00e1cti. Pot\u00e9 se uk\u00e1zal v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u011bti st\u016fm brat\u0159\u00ed najednou; v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich je posud na \u017eivu, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ak ji\u017e zesnuli. Pak se uk\u00e1zal Jakubovi, potom v\u0161em apo\u0161tol\u016fm. Naposledy ze v\u0161ech se jako nedoch\u016fd\u010deti uk\u00e1zal i mn\u011b. <\/em>(15:3\u20138)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tady Pavel tvo\u0159\u00ed jakousi kontinuitu: Kristus vstal z mrtv\u00fdch, uk\u00e1zal se v\u0161em apo\u0161tol\u016fm a naposledy se uk\u00e1zal i mn\u011b. Ale mezi t\u00edm, jak se uk\u00e1zal v\u0161em apo\u0161tol\u016fm, a t\u00edm, jak ho spat\u0159il Pavel, Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Kristus vstoupil na nebe. Pavel tento detail vynech\u00e1v\u00e1 jako nepatrn\u00fd. V jeho pojet\u00ed \u010das a prostor nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam. T\u00edm Pavel p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161tafetu dal\u0161\u00edm pokolen\u00edm k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f: komukoliv a kdykoliv se zjev\u00ed P\u00e1n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161, bude to pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u00e9ho\u017e Bo\u017esk\u00e9ho zjeven\u00ed v nerozd\u00edln\u00fdch nad\u00e1le trvaj\u00edc\u00edch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch sp\u00e1sy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud chronologie v t\u011bchto d\u011bjin\u00e1ch nehraje v\u00fdznamnou roli, nelze ani podce\u0148ovat z\u00e1sluhy samotn\u00e9ho Pavla, o \u010dem\u017e p\u00ed\u0161e d\u00e1le ve sv\u00e9m listu Korintsk\u00fdm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u017edy\u0165 j\u00e1 jsem nejmen\u0161\u00ed z apo\u0161tol\u016f a nejsem ani hoden jm\u00e9na apo\u0161tol, proto\u017ee jsem pron\u00e1sledoval c\u00edrkev Bo\u017e\u00ed. Milost\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed jsem to, co jsem, a milost, kterou mi prok\u00e1zal, nebyla nadarmo; v\u00edce ne\u017e oni v\u0161ichni jsem se napracoval \u2013 nikoli j\u00e1, n\u00fdbr\u017e milost Bo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla se mnou. A\u0165 u\u017e tedy j\u00e1, nebo oni \u2013 tak zv\u011bstujeme, a tak jste uv\u011b\u0159ili<\/em> (15:9\u201311).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z toho v\u0161eho plyne, \u017ee apo\u0161tol Pavel m\u00e1 pln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo b\u00fdt zobrazov\u00e1n na ikon\u00e1ch v\u011bnovan\u00fdch nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ud\u00e1lostem v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch sp\u00e1sy. Kristus se mu zjevil a Svat\u00fd Duch na n\u011bj sestoupil. A v\u016fbec nen\u00ed podstatn\u00e9, \u017ee se to stalo pozd\u011bji ne\u017e u ostatn\u00edch apo\u0161tol\u016f. Pavel si jm\u00e9no apo\u0161tola zaslou\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redakce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apo\u0161tol Pavel se na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona objevuje ji\u017e po zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed a nanebevstoupen\u00ed P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. P\u0159esto na n\u011bkter\u00fdch ikon\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bl snadno rozpoznatelnou postavu tohoto…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[58],"class_list":["post-1174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ikony","tag-2022-04"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1174"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1178,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174\/revisions\/1178"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hlas-pravoslavi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}